Presentasi IPTEK 3

Learning from Nature:

Biologically-Inspired Sensorstaking inspiration from nature to solve sensing problems

Dedy H.B. Wicaksono

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

CASE 1

Source: Wikimedia Commons

CASE 2

Source: http://www.deepwater.com/fw/main/Deepwater-Horizon-56C17.html (upper left

image) and Wikimedia Commons (lower right image)

CASE 3

Source: Detik Foto (upper left image), and Elshinta.com (lower right image)

CASE 4

Source: Ndyteen (left) and detik.com (right)

CASE 5

Source: Dubois, L., J. de Lange, et al. (2010). "Excessive bleeding in the floor of

the mouth after endosseus implant placement: a report of two cases." International

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 39(4): 412-415.

CASE 6

Source: Wikimedia Commons

CASE 7

What is the Problem?

Sensors could be part of the solution. Then

what information needs to be sensed, why,

and how?

Providing appropriate necessary

information at appropriate time for the

appropriate persons

OVERVIEW

•What are Sensors? Why is it necessary?

• Biomimetics-Bioinspired-Bionics?

Bio-inspired Sensors?

• Biological Sensors and Bio-inspired Sensors

a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument

[Wikipedia]

Sensor is a type of transducer, converting one energy (or rather

information) form into another readable, processable form.

a device or organ that detects certain external stimuli and responds in a distinctive manner

[Wiktionary]

DEFINITION

Sensors?

your window to your surrounding!

DEFINITION

Biomimetic-Bionics-Bioinspiration?

• The development of product inspired by

specific design in nature.

• To take a particular ideas of solving

problems from nature, and implementing

the ideas to solve ‘real world’ engineering

problem.

FUNCTION!!

Bio-inspiration

Sensors inspired from Biological Sensory Organs found in Life/Nature

(Sensitive, Adaptive, Robust, and Redundant)

• Structural Biomimetics

• Processing Biomimetics

BIO-INSPIRED SENSORS

Biological and Artificial Sensors

• Ionic

• Stochastic

• Making use of noise

• Adaptive

• Redundant

• Robust

• Hierarchical

• Electronic or Optic

• Deterministic

• Get rid of the Noise!

• Mostly set for

particular conditions

• Essential

components

• Fragile

• One-level

Mechanical

Flow and Vibration

Biological and Bio-inspired Sensors

• Flexible cuticular “hair” arise from innervated

socket

• Develop from epidermal cells

– trichogen cell forms hair

– tormogen cell forms socket

– sensory neuron

• single dendrite at the hair base

• axon travels to the ganglion

Sensory neurons respond to the

movement of the hair

by firing impulses at a frequency

related to the extend of deflection

From the group of Gijs Krijnen, Twente Universiteit

From Chang Liu’s group UIUC

Mechanical

Strain-Stress for Proprioception

• Proprioceptors (self-perception receptors)

– Hair plate at joints or neck in contact with adjacent

body part

• relative position of body part

• detection of gravity

– Campaniform sensilla

• detect stress on the cuticle

• distortion (halteres)

– Internal stretch receptors

• detect distension of organs

Field of hairs at wing base in cockroach

From Matushkina, N., and Gorb, S., J. of

Insect Physiology 48 (2002) 213-219

The Campaniform Sensillum – Dome-shaped Membrane-in-Recess

Scolopidium

Slit Sensilla and

Lyriform organ of the

whip spider

Mechanical

Dynamic acceleration

The Haltere

Halteres Hammer-shaped Pillar

Muscles &

Mechano-receptorsDrive & Sense Electrodes

Nerve Control-loop Interface Electronics

The Haltere

Halteres Beating Swinging Motion

The Haltere

Electromagnetic

Infrared Radiation

• Boid snakes, vampire bats

• Forest fire-seeking beetle (Melanophila

acuminata)

Qgen = generated heat [W/m3]kth = thermal conductivity [W/mK]cth = thermal capacity [J/kgK]r = density [kg/m3]

Parabolic temperature profile with maximum in the centre:

Maximum temperature at centre:

Only heat conduction!

Thermal time constant:

• Simulations confirm analytical formulas

• For membranes >100 mm other heat transfer phenomena than conduction play an important role

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Membrane Sidelength [mm]

Analytically Calculated Sensitivity for d=1000 nm

Numerically Simulated Sensitivity for d=1000 nm

Experimentally obtained Sensitivity d = 600 nm

Analytically Calculated Sensitivity for d = 300 nm

Numerically Simulated Sensitivity for d = 300 nm

3 467 89

Patent Pending EP Appl No. 07120507.4

Hierarchical Nature of Information

Processing

Supra-Molecular Level!!

CONCLUSIONS

• Nature can provide inspiratios for possible solutions

to sensing problems

• Information processing in nature happens at various

physical domains at multiple scale

• Taking inspiration from nature should be based on

sound scientific and engineering knowledge to

understand the basic mechanism

• Challenges include limitation in current fabrication

technology and embedded neural-like processing

• The possibilities are endless…

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