Philip and Alexander of Macedonia · • "Philip of Macedon Philip II of Macedonia Biography." Philip of Macedon Philip II of Macedonia Biography. N.p., n.d. Web.
Post on 31-Mar-2018
266 Views
Preview:
Transcript
Philip and Alexander of
Macedonia
Nemah Juman &
Leena
• Philip II was born in 382 BC in Pella.
• Parents:
– Eurydice I
– Amyntas III:
• king of Macedonia (393 BC and 392-370 BC.)
• Died in 370 BC
• Successor: Alexander II
• Siblings: Alexander II and Perdiccas III
Philip II of Macedonia
• Married to seven women
– Relatives of opponents
– Diplomatically safe
• Hostage in Thebes (368 to 365 BC)
• beneficial for Philip.
– Militarily and diplomatically educated
• Epaminodas
Early years
Throne
Amyntas III(393 BC and 392-370 BC.)
Alexander II (371–369 BC)
Perdiccas (368 to 359
BC)
Amyntas IV (359 BC)
Philip II (382–336 BC)
• Became king when he was 21 years old
• General
– Brought him great success
• Able to concur land that was lost
– Unified Ancient Greece and made Macedonia is
capital city
• First to allow education for the sons of noble
men
• Introduced a new goal
– Defeat the persians
• Expanded the size of the royal companians
– People from countries who where newly concured by
macedonians would have a chance to have a high rank
in the government
• Sense of belonging
Reign
Illyrians
• 358 BC
– Was victorious in a battle against the
Illyrians and freed north-western
Macedonia of their rule
• Fled and left 7,000 dead (3/4 of their force)
– Invasion of Illyrian
Organization of Macedonian
Army
• sarissa
Philips control
• After the invasion of Illyria, Phenoia
was forced to integrate into
Macedonia.
Conquering of Greek cities
• 356 BC – captured Potidaea (in
chalcidice, greece)
• Captured Pydna (another greek
colony)
• Captured Methone
Northern Greece
• Defeated Thessaly.
• He was in control of all of Northern
Greece (352 BC)
• Invasion of Thrace
• 339Bc defeated Thrace. And all the
Thracians were under Philips control
Alexander the Great
Background
• Alexander of Macedonia.
– Known as Alexander III or Alexander the Great
• Born in Pella in July 356 BC
• His parents • Philip II of Macedonia
• King of Macedonia
• Olympias
• a princess of a neighboring
country called Epirus.
Birth
• Philip
– The success of his horse in the
Olympic games
– And the victory of a battle in Illyria
• Son of Zeus
• Philip loses his eye
Philip II of
Macedonia
Olympias
Character
• A legacy
– Wanted to be known for brilliance,
bravery, and courage.
– Curious and derived
• Sexuality
• His childhood friend Hephaestion
• His parents
• He married three women
• Roxana of Bactria
• Stateria II of Persia
• Parysatis II of Persia
Gordian Knot
Early Life • 12 years old (344 BC)
– Horse called Bucephalus
• 18 years old (338 BC)
• A general
• Invading Greece
• Battle of Chaeronea
• Macedonians were victorious due to Alexander’s bravery.
• He destroyed the The Theban Secret Band (elite Greek
force)
• 16 years old (340 BC) • Philip assembled an army to invade Thrace
• power to rule Macedonia in his absence
• Rebels in north-eastern Macedonia (Thracian tribe of
Maedi) • Alexander assembled an army, led it against the
• renamed it after himself to Alexandropolis.
Education
• Leonidas
• Olympias’s uncle
• Strict
• Greek philosopher Aristotle
• training in rhetoric and literature
• stimulated his interest in science,
medicine, and philosophy
• Lysimachus
• taught him how to play the lyre
• appreciation for music, poetry, and
drama.
Philips Marriage and
Alexander’s persistence to be
the heir • Conflict in the royal family
• Philip’s marriage of Cleopatra was a threat to
alexander
– At the wedding banquet general Attalus
(Cleopatra's Uncle) made a remark about Philip
having a “real heir.
– "Here is the man who was making ready to cross
from Europe to Asia, and who cannot even cross
from one table to another without losing his balance.” - Alexander
• Exile
– His mother stayed in Epirus
– He went to Illyria.
Philips death
• Assassinated by Pausanias in October
336 BC in Agea (on his wedding)
• Conspiracy theories:
– Alexander and his mother Olympias were
incharge of Philip’s assassination
Battle of Granicus
• 25,000 Macedonians, 7,600 Greeks, and 7,000
Thracians and Illyrians,
• 40,000 Persians and Greeks (20,000 each)
waiting for them at the crossing of the river
Granicus, near the ancient city of Troy.
• The Macedonians defeated the Persians
• Almost the entire Greek force was annihilated.
18,000 Greeks perished on the banks of
Granicus and the 2,000 survivors were sent to
forced labor in Macedonia. The Macedonians
lost only 120 men.
Campaigns in Asia Minor
• Alexander led the army south across Asia Minor.
• Greek coastal cities gave the greatest resistance to
the Macedonians.
• the Macedonian army defeated the enemy and
conquered the coast of Asia Minor. Alexander then
turned northward to central Asia Minor, to the city
of Gordium.
– home of the famous Gordian Knot. Alexander
knew the legend that said that the man who
could untie the ancient knot was destined to rule
the entire world. the young Macedonian king
simply slashed it with his sword.
Campaigns in Asia Minor
Battle of Issus
• autumn of 333 BC
• The Macedonian army's encountered the
Persian army at a mountain pass at Issus
in northwestern Syria.
• 30,000 Greeks were added to Darius' army
• The Battle of Issus ended in a big victory
for Alexander.
• Ten's of thousands of Persians, Greeks,
and other Asiatic soldiers were killed and
king Darius fled in panic leaving behind
his mother, wife, and children behind.
• Alexander treated them with the
respect out of consideration for their
royalty.
Sieges of Tyre and Gaza
• the Macedonians begun building a
mole that would connect the island-
city with the coast.
• People resisted, which cost many
Macedonian life
• the walls finally gave in, the
Macedonians killed 7,000 people and
30,000 were sold as slaves.
Sieges of Tyre and Gaza
Conquest of Egypt
• entered in the beginning of
331 BC.
• by the Egyptians welcomed
the Macedonians
• Alexander ordered that a
city gets designed and
founded in his name at the
mouth of river Nile.
Battle of Gaugamela
• the Persian army was at the plains of Gaugamela(
million men)
• The Macedonians saw the lights of the Persian camp
fires – Alexander refused to attack because he wanted to win the Persians
fairly
• The Persian forces split the two Macedonians wings.
• Darius fled to Ecbatana in Media, and Alexander
occupied Babylon and the Persian capital Persepolis,
and was proclaimed the king of Asia.
• Four months later, the Macedonians burned the royal
palace in Persepolis, completing the end of the ancient
Persian Empire.
Battle of Gaugamela
• Battle between Macedonians and Indians The death of Buckephalus
March on India
• In the spring of 327 BC,
• against king Porus, one of the most powerful
Indian rulers.
• The Indians were defeated in a fierce battle
• Alexander allowed him to continue to
govern his territory.
• Alexander's horse Bucephalus was
wounded and died.
• Named a city Buckephalia, in his horse's
name.
March on India
• In the spring of 324,
• contracted a high fever
• the Macedonians were allowed to
file past their leader for the last
time before he finally died.
• died at the age of 33 without
designating a successor to the
Macedonian Empire.
Alexander's Death
Alexander's Death
Works citied
• "Alexander and the Hellenistic Kingdoms." Glencoe World History, Glencoe,
2003.
N.p., n.d.Web. 02 Nov
• "Alexander the Boy Wonder." Alexander the Boy Wonder. N.p., n.d. Web.
• "Alexander the Great (Alexander of Macedon) Biography." Alexander the Great
(Alexander of Macedon) Biography. N.p., n.d. Web.
• "Ancient History Sourcebook: Justin (3rd Cent CE): The Beginning of Philip of
Macedon's Reign, C. 359-352 BCE." Internet History Sourcebooks. N.p., n.d.
Web.
• "P225The Life of Alexander (Part 1 Of 7)." Plutarch • Life of Alexander (Part 1
Of 7). N.p., n.d. Web.
• "Philip II of Macedonia (1)." Philip II of Macedonia. N.p., n.d. Web.
• "Philip II." Philip II. N.p., n.d. Web.
• "Philip of Macedon Philip II of Macedonia Biography." Philip of Macedon Philip II
of Macedonia Biography. N.p., n.d. Web.
• “Alexander the Great- Documentary.” The History Channel. N.p.,n.d Web.
• “Alexander the Great.” BBC News. N.p., n.d. Web.
top related