Transcript
CENTRE FOR OFFSHORE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
Part I
Introduction to
Offshore Structures
Hodjat ShiriBSc Civil Eng., MSc Geotech Eng. , PhD (curnt.) Offshore Geotech.
Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems (COFS)
July 2009
CENTRE FOR OFFSHORE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
Modern Offshore Structure
Piled-Jacket
TLP
Semi-Sub
CENTRE FOR OFFSHORE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
Offshore Structures are not limited to Platforms
• Vessels and Tankers• Sub-Marines & ROVs• Pipelines• Sub-sea manifolds• Bridges• Wind Turbines• Artificial Islands• Ports and Jetties• …
CENTRE FOR OFFSHORE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
The first oil platform in the world is the Oil Rocks (Neft Daşları), built near BAKU in Azerbaijan of Rusiia. Building on the platform began in 1949, with Tankers transporting Oil from the first Well to Baku in 1951. The Oil Rocks lies 45–50 km (about 25 nm) offshore on the CASPIAN SEA.
The most unique feature of the Oil Rocks is that it is actually a functional city with a population of about 5000. The Oil Rocks is a city on the sea, with over 200 km of streets built on piles of dirt and landfill. Most of the inhabitants work on shifts;
“Oil Rocks”The world’s first offshore oil platform built near Baku in Soviet Union, 1949
CENTRE FOR OFFSHORE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
“Thames Sea Forts”The World’s predecessors of modern offshore oil platforms,having been pre-constructed in a very short time, during World War II , they were then floated to their location and placed on the shallow bottom of the Thames estuary
Installation sequence
CENTRE FOR OFFSHORE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
The Maunsell Sea Forts were small fortified towers built in the Thames and Mersey estuaries during the second world war to help defend the United Kingdom. They take their name from their designer Guy Maunsell . They were decommissioned in the late 1950s and were used for other activities
“Maunsell Sea Forts”The World’s first modern offshore platform
CENTRE FOR OFFSHORE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
Offshore Structures:• Fixed Structures [ Piled-Jackets, Jackup Rigs, GBS…]• Floating Structures [ Spar, TLP, FPSO, SemiSub,…]
CENTRE FOR OFFSHORE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
Water Depth• Shallow waters, D < (300~400 m)• Intermediate Waters, (800~1000 m) > D > (300~400 m)• Deep Waters, D > 1000 m
324 m
381 m
Empire State, NY, 1931
Eiffel, Paris,1889
CENTRE FOR OFFSHORE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
Jacket
Topside
Shallow Water Offshore Complex
Wellhead PLF
Connection Bridges
Wellhead PLF
JackUp Rig
Production PLF
Living Quarter PLF
Flare
CENTRE FOR OFFSHORE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
Jacket Based Platforms
Jacket
Topside
CENTRE FOR OFFSHORE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
Platform Compartments
Flare HeliDeck
Cellar DeckMezzanine DeckTop Deck
Boat landing
Conductor Pipes
Utilities
Pedestal Crane
Control Unit
CENTRE FOR OFFSHORE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
Construction Milestones
• Engineering, Feasibility Study, Conceptual Design, FEED, Basic, Detailed, Shop, Field
• Procurement: heart of Job
• Fabrication, Steel Cutting, Fitting, Welding, Erection, Piping, E&I, Safety, Painting…
• Pre-commissioning, mechanical, E&I, Safety,…
• Load out & Sea-fastening, Yard Preparation, Barge preparation, Grillage Installation, Barge Mooring, Ballasting, Load Transfer, Sea-fastening, Parking…
• Transportation, Pilot Transition, Towing, Field Entering, Positioning…
• Installation, Barge Approach, Mooring, Sea-Fastening Cut, Lifting or Launching, Stabbing, Welding…
• Hook up, Ship Loosed Items, Caisson, Risers,…
• Commissioning• Start up
CENTRE FOR OFFSHORE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
Load Out & Transportation
Pilotage
Load out
Open Sea Towing
CENTRE FOR OFFSHORE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
Offshore Installation • Heavy Lifting by Derrick Crane Barges• Floatover by Launch Barges
Jacket lifting
Topside Floatover
Topside Lifting
CENTRE FOR OFFSHORE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
Jacket
Heavy lifting Derrick Crane Barges
• Revolving Crane Barges• Shearlegs
Revolving CraneShearleg
CENTRE FOR OFFSHORE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
Platforms Structural Engineering
• Wind• Wave• Current• Earthquake• Ice & Snow• Temperature Variations• Marine Growth• Tides• Seafloor Movements
In-place Analysis / Environmental Loads
• Fabrication Erection Analysis• Load-out Analysis• Transportation Analysis• Installation Analysis• In-Place Analysis
Main Categories :
CENTRE FOR OFFSHORE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
Design Rules & Codes
Platforms Structural Engineering
• Eurocode 8: "Structures in Seismic Regions - Design", CEN (in preparation).
• API-RP2A, "Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms", American Petroleum Institute, Washington, D.C., 18th ed., 1989.
• OCS, "Requirements for Verifying the Structural Integrity of OCS Platforms"., United States Geologic Survey, National Centre, Reston, Virginia, 1980.
• DNV, "Rules for the Design, Construction and Inspection of Offshore Structures", Det Norske Veritas, Oslo, 1977 (with corrections 1982).
• NPD, "Regulation for Structural Design of Load-bearing Structures Intended for Exploitation of Petroleum Resources", Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, 1985.
• BS6235, "Code of Practice for Fixed Offshore Structures", British Standards Institution, London, 1982.
• DOE-OG, "Offshore Installation: Guidance on Design and Construction", U.K., Dept. of Energy, London 1985.
• Eurocode 1: "Basis of Design and Actions on Structures", CEN (in preparation).
CENTRE FOR OFFSHORE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
End of Part One
Thank You
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