Transcript
LACTATION PHYSIOLOGY IN DAIRY COWS
Sakina Rubab2nd semester
Introduction
Modified sweat gland Mamma and teat Develops after puberty Suckling ceased Production ceased gland regresses
Prenatal mammogenesis
Mammary ridge Mammary buds Mammary gland Epidermal sprout Duct system
Udder anatomy
External anatomy(7 attachments,teats,quarter ratio rear:front,60:40
Internal anatomy
Streak canalTeat cisternGland cisternLactiferous ductsSecretory cells: alveoliBlood and nerve supplyMyoepithelial cells
Blood supply
Arteries External pudendal artery Internal thoracic artery Lateral thoracic artery Intercostal artery Veins Cranial superficial epigastric vein Internal thoracic vein Caudal superficial epigastric vein External pudendal vein Pudendal nerve Superficial inguinal lymph node
Udder development
Estrogen Duct growth ,blood supply Progesterone Duct and alveolar growth
Phases
Mammogenesis Preparation Lactogenesis, Synthesis and secretion Galactokinesis, ejection Galactopoiesis, maintenance
Stage1 Enzymatic activity Stage2 Copious secretion of milk components
Hormones
Second stage Prolactin Adrenocorticotropic hormone Estrogen Progestrone(minute amount) Thyroid stimulating hormone Oxytocin
Other hormones
Glucocorticoid Estardiol Growth hormone Prostaglandins
Hormonal interactions
Prolactin Induces gene expression for casein
synthesis with gulococorticoid
Progesterone Prevents formation of prolactin binding
sites Wiithdrawal is prerequisite
Prostaglandin Increase just before parturition Regresses corpus luteum Declines progestrone
Estrogen Enhances production of prolactin
Growth hormone Directs nutrients to mammary gland for
milk synthesis
Histology
Lobes
Lobules
Alveoli(150-220) in lobule Milk secretion
Myoepithelial cells
Oxytocin
References
en.wikivet.net/Mammary_Gland_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology
http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/avs172/images/Gross%20Anatomy%20MG%20Notes.pdf
http://www.tankonyvtar.hu/en/tartalom/tamop425/0010_1A_Book_angol_05_termeleselettan/ch14s02.html
http://unaab.edu.ng/attachments/460_LECTURE%20NOTES%20ON%20ANP%20501.pdf
Thank you
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