Izmir TPD talk (TURKISH): PSİKİYATRİde TANI «Altın»ı kim tanır ? Sarraf mı, Simyacı mı? Kuyumcu mu, Kimyacı mı ?
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PSİKİYATRİde TANI «Altın»ı kim tanır ?
Sarraf mı, Simyacı mı? Kuyumcu mu , Kimyacı mı ?
Bedirhan ÜstünWHO
Classifications, Terminologies, Standards
Görünüşe Aldanmak
Sistematiğe Adanmak
ZElementNo. of electrons/shell29 copper 2, 8, 18, 147 silver 2, 8, 18, 18, 179 gold 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1111 roentgenium 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 17, 2
İşin iç yüzü
‘Da Vinci’ Şifresi
This form of periodic table is more congruent with the order in which electron shells are filled, as shown in the
accompanying sequence in the left margin.
The placement of helium (a noble gas) above beryllium (an alkaline earth metal) ordinarily attracts strong
criticism from chemists.
Şifrenin binbir yorumu
Doğa «Geometrik» mi ?Theodor Benfey's Table
Tüm bunların ne anlamı var ki ? ALTINa HÜCUM sırasında….
Altın neden değerlidir ?
Metaforlara son !
Diagnostic Statistical Manual
• 1952 DSM I • 1968 DSM-II • 1980 DSM-III• 1987 DSM-III-R• 1994 DSM-IV• 2000 DSM-IV-TR• 2013 DSM 5
• ICD-6 • ICD-8• ICD-9
• ICD-10
• ICD-11
International Classification ofDiseases
"Psychiatrists of Europe! Protect your sanctified diagnoses!”
Cartoon by Emil Kraepelin, "Bierzeitung", Heidelberg 1896
DSM5 disorder groups1. Neurodevelopmental disorders2. Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders3. Bipolar and related disorders4. Depressive disorders5. Anxiety disorders6. Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders7. Trauma- and stressor-related disorders8. Dissociative disorders9. Somatic symptom and related disorders10. Feeding and eating disorders11. Elimination disorders12. Sleep-wake disorders13. Sexual dysfunctions14. Gender dysphoria15. Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders16. Substance-related and addictive disorders17. Neurocognitive disorders18. Personality disorders19. Paraphilic disorders20. Other mental disorders
Hayali Bir Çin Ansiklopedisinden AlıntıHayvanlar şu sınıflara ayrılırlar:
• imparatora ait olanlar• mumyalananlar• evcilleştirilmiş olanlar• süt domuzları• deniz kızları• kaf dağından gelenler• başıboş köpekler• bu sınıflandırmaya girenler• kuduranlar• sayılamayacak denli çok olanlar• ince deve tüyünden yapılan fırça ile boyanmış olanlar• ve saire• su testisini kırmış olanlar• uzaktan sineklere benzeyenler Borges 1977
Gerçek Dünyaya Hoş geldinizDSM5 Field Trials Regier et al 2013
Beni kategorize etme
Beni kategorize etme, benle oynama
Yaftayı yapıştırıp, bana isim koyma
Karikatürleştirme beni, ilahlaştırma
Tabulaştırma sakın, tapulaştırma
Ben seni öyle sevdim, öyle sevdimBen seni öyle sevdim, böyle mi sevdim
Matematikleştirme beni, çarpma, bölme
Toplama, çıkartma sakın beni
hesaplaştırma
disorders Mental
NATURE | VOL 496 | 25 APRIL 2013
Dimensions or Pseudodimensions :
NATURE | VOL 496 | 25 APRIL 2013
20
NIMH will be re-orienting its research away from DSM categories and
toward RDoC.
Search: ‘Insel transforming diagnosis’
•Units of analysisGenes
Molecules
Cells
Neural Circuits
Physiology
Behaviours
Self Reports
(Paradigms)
Research Domain Criteria NIMHDimensions of Observable neurobiological measures
Heterogeneity of disorders
Michael Owen: “These disorders are not really disorders. There’s no such thing as schizophrenia. It’s a syndrome. It’s a collection of
things psychiatrists have grouped together.”
22
Diagnosis and Treatment of Mental Disorders:…. But also Half Empty
• Diagnosis by observation
• Late detection
• Poor prediction
• Unknown etiology
• Minimal prevention
• Treatment is trial and error
DSM criticisms
• Diagnostic concepts are 100 – 2000 years old
• The mind-body distinction for mental disorders
• Limited knowledge in genetics, neuroscience, behavioral science
• Not congruent with medicine
RDoC: Research Domain Criteria, October 2012
The RDoC Matrix
Learned Helplessness
Depression
Hypofunctioning of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in major depressive disorder.
(From Aizenstein et al., 2009[1].
Neurocircuitry in major depressive disorder (MDD)
Depression“Dysregulation of mood homeostasis”
• Stuck in ‘blues’ ( Area 25 )
– Hypothalamus: • Appetite, energy,
– Brain Stem & RAS• Sleep
– Amygdala & insula• Anxiety, mood
– Hippocampus• Memory processing, attention
– Frontal Cortex• Self-esteem, insight
Cognition
Emotion
Bedensel Hastalıklar
He
ritab
ility
BreastCancer
Hyper-tension
IschemicHeart
Disease
RheumatoidArthritis
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Ruhsal Hastalıklar
He
ritab
ility
Depression ADHD Schizo-phrenia
Bipolar
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0Autism
The Meaning of the Human GenomeProject for Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Steven E. HymanProvost, Harvard University and Professor of Neurobiology,
Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
Gen-Davranış Pathway(Ustun, 2005)
Genotypes Endophenotypes Phenotypes
N1
N2
N3
G1
G2
G3
G4
P1
P2
P3
P4
B1
B2
B3
GeneticNeuro-physiological Psychological Behavioural
Attachment - Bağlanım
Korkulu Uyaranlara - Oxytocin
‘Beyin’e bir bilgisayar gibi bakmak?
Beyin Bilim 2013
Gene de parçaları ayırmak gerekiyor
DepressionTreatment Past Present Future
INSEL Scıentific Amerıcan 2010
Yerkes National Primate Research Center Thomas R. Insel 1993-2002
Sequence divergence % between humans and other hominids
the genetic difference between humans and chimps is less than 2%,
John NASH: A Brilliant Mind
My irrational “dreams”, as I call them, and my mathematical thoughts bothcame from the same place, same source …
In time, I kind of created my own thought police in my mind, I then came to recognize my own irrationality
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