Transcript
Islam and Islamic Civilization
Spread, Change, and Continuities
The size & strength of the Islamic Empire fostered trade!
•There were few borders
and relative stability!
•Trade was safer and
taxed less.
The Islamic empire took control of . . .
• Mediterranean trade
• part of the Silk Roads and Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
• Muslim merchants gained increasing control of Indian Ocean trade
• Banks were set up in cities throughout the Islamic empire.
• Textiles and paper were an important part of regional trade and manufacturing
• Horses, medicine, and sugar were important exports
Spread & CHANGE• As Islam and Arabic culture
spread into other regions it influenced cultures.
• New cultures, like Persian, also influenced elements of Islam and Arabic culture.
• Islamic learning centers (like the House of Wisdom) collected learning from around the empire.
Continuities in Islam
• Monotheism & Muhammad
• Quran – the revelation of God in Arabic
• Caliph – political / religious leader of Islam
• Umma – idea of one community
Sunni and Shia SplitAfter Muhammad’s death,
• Sunnis wanted the leader to be chosen.
• Shia’s wanted the leader to be a blood relative of Muhammed.
• 5 Pillars of Islam –
Statement of Faith
Prayer
Fasting (during Ramadan)
Giving to those in need (Zakat / Alms / Tithe)
Pilgrimage to Mecca (the Hajj)
Jihad – holy war or internal struggle
Continuities in Islam• Arabic Language
• Hadiths – Texts on the life and teachings of Muhammed
• Sharia – Written Law code (interpretations of Quran and Hadith and ?)
• Ulama – Islamic jurists (scholars) who interpret Sharia law
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