Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 1-1 COIS11011 Term One, 2008 Course Review Lecture Ken Howah, course coordinator COIS11011 WEEK.
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Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 1-1
COIS11011 Term One, 2008
Course Review Lecture
Ken Howah, course coordinator
COIS11011 WEEK 12
Basic systems model
• A system consists of interrelated components working together to achieve a common goal
• All systems can be viewed in terms of an Input – Process – Output model
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 1-2
Basic Systems
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 4-3
IT IS USEFUL TO VIEW A SYSTEM AS AN INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUTMODEL. TWO EXAMPLES:
INPUT PROCESS (incl components) OUTPUT
GARDENING SYSTEM:Plants, fertilizer, water, sunlight, human labour
INFORMATION SYSTEM:Hardware, software, networks, skilled people
Landscaping ideas, plans
A beautiful garden
DATA Information, knowledge, wisdom
Information systems
• Data, Information, Knowledge & Wisdom
• 5 key elements
• Dual nature of I.S.
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 1-4
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 1-5
Data is at the root and is the purpose of Information Systems (I)
• Distinction between:o Data – raw, unformatted information
•E.g.: 0743909999
o Information – data that is transformed to have a meaning•E.g.: (07) 4930-9999
o Knowledge – body of governing procedures used to organize or manipulate data
o Wisdom – accumulated knowledge
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 1-6
The Dual Nature of IS• IS can make or break a business• Aussie Uni – Disaster
o $47m in the redo Peoplesoft disaster
• Myer – IT renewalo Break-off from Coleso Spending $99m on IT refurbish
• New merchandising I.S. called MYMERCH
• New supply chain network
• Urbanbaby.com.au – ecommerce successo Doubled revenue every year since 2001o Got the technology righto Now hires 10 people
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 1-7
Information Systems: 5 key elements
• Combination of five key elements: o Peopleo Hardwareo Softwareo Datao Telecommunication
s networks
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 4-8
IS Infrastructure
• IS infrastructure components:
1. Hardware
2. Software
3. Networks
4. Data
5. Facilities
6. Human resources
7. Services
Infrastructure: Computing systems
• On-demand
• Grid
• Edge
• Autonomic
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 1-9
Managing knowledge
• What is KM
• Business Intelligence
• Explicit
• Tacit
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 1-10
Infrastructure: Databases
• Database Management Systems (dbms)
• Data warehouses
• Data marts
• Data mining
• Structured Query Language
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 1-11
Data backup techniques
• Principle of redundancy
• Mirroring
• Striping etc
• Disaster recovery
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 1-12
Networks
• Networks – interconnect computers
• Local Area Networks (servers, clients)
• Wide Area Networks – interconnect networks
• Internet, Intranet, Extranets
• TCP/IP
• Routers
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 1-13
Technology developments
• IP convergence =
• Devices now defaulting to using tcp/ip (internet language)
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 1-14
E-Commerce
• B2B
• B2C
• C2C
• G2C
• The three stages of B2C e-commerce
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 1-15
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 5-16
What can be done on the web
• GLOBAL CUSTOMER BASE
• CHEAP MARKETING TOOL
• REACH MORE PEOPLE
• PULL INFORMATION FROM LIVE DATABASES
• REAL TIME DATA
• UP-TO-THE-MINUTE DATA
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 5-17
Most Common Types of E-Commerce• Business-to-consumer (B2C)
o A person buys a book from Amazon.com
• Business-to-business (B2B)o Retailer like Wal-Mart ordering from distributors
• Business-to-employee (B2E)o Employee uses the Web to amend details
• Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)o One person purchases from another on eBay
• Government-to-consumer (G2C)
o Government services online, e.g. taxation
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 5-18
E-Commerce Business Strategies
• From no e-commerce, thru to e-commerce only.
E-COMMERCE APPROACHES
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 5-19
Stages of B2C E-Commerce
• Websites range from passive to active
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 5-20
Attracting and Retaining Online Customers• Basic rule of commerce
o Offer valuable products/services at fair prices
• Additional e-commerce rules1. The Web site should offer something unique2. The Web site must be aesthetically pleasing3. The Web site must be easy to use and fast4. The Web site must motivate people to visit, stay
and return5. You must advertise your presence on the Web6. You should learn from your Web site
Organisations: mgt levels
• Three levels of management
• Three levels of decision making
• Types of information req’d by each
• Structured decisions
• Semi-structured decisions
• Unstructured decisions
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 1-21
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 7-22
Decision-Making Levels of an Organization
KEY CONCEPT
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 7-23
Transaction Processing System• Operational level• Purpose:
o Processing of business events and transactionso Increase efficiency
• Automation• Lower costs• Increased speed and accuracy
• Exampleso Payroll processingo Sales and order processingo Inventory managemento Etc.
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 7-24
Management Information Systems• Managerial level
• Purpose:o Produce reportso Support of midlevel managers’ decisions
• Exampleso Sales forecastingo Financial management and forecastingo Manufacturing, planning and schedulingo Inventory management and planningo Etc.
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 7-25
Executive Information Systems• A.k.a. Executive support systems
• Executive level
• Purposeo Aid in executive decision-makingo Provide information in highly aggregated form
• Exampleso Monitoring of internal and external events and
resourceso Crisis managemento Etc.
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 7-26
7 Information Systems that Span Organizational Boundaries
Decision support systems
• What-if analysis is basic to DSS
• Most common tool - the spreadsheet
• Specialist software can also be purchased to enable more sophisticated data dicing and slicing.
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 1-27
Enterprise I.S.
• EIS addresses fundamental problem: lack of integration among legacy systems
• Concept of the “value chain”
• Vanilla software VS in-house dev’t – need to do cost-benefit analysis
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 1-28
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 8-29
Enterprise Systems:
• Non-enterprise system problems:o Information systems growing over time
o Lack of integration
•Different computing platforms
•Difficult to integrate
•Data must be reentered from one system to another
•Same pieces of data stored in several versions
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 8-30
Value Chain• Flow of information through a set of business activities
o Core activities – functional areas that process inputs and produce outputs
o Support activities – enable core activities to take place
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 8-31
Vanilla Versus Customized ES’s
• Vanilla versiono Modules the version comes with out of the
boxo Certain processes might not be supported
• Customizationo Additional software or changes to vanilla
versiono Always needs to be updated with new
versions of vanilla
Security Issues
• Invasive intrusion (spyware, viruses)
• Security audits or analysis
• VPN’s – use encryption tunneling technology to secure internet communications.
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 1-32
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 6-33
Primary Threats to Information Systems Security
• Accidents and natural disasterso Power outages, cats
walking across keyboards
• Employees and consultants
• Links to outside business contactso Travel between business
affiliates
• Outsiders
• Viruses
Ethics & Crime
• Major ethical issues in I.S. (accuracy, privacy and property)
• Types of computer crime (data diddling etc etc)
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 1-34
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 10-35
Computer Ethics – main issues• Issues and standards of
conduct pertaining to the use of information systems
• 1986 – Richard O. Mason articleo Most ethical debates relate to
• Information privacy
• Information accuracy
• Information property
• Information accessibility
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 10-36
Types of Computer Crimes
** END OF LECTURE **
GOOD LUCK EVERYONE
Ken Howah
Lecturer & course coordinator
Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 1-37
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