Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 1-1 COIS11011 Term One, 2008 Course Review Lecture Ken Howah, course coordinator COIS11011 WEEK.

Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 1-1

COIS11011 Term One, 2008

Course Review Lecture

Ken Howah, course coordinator

COIS11011 WEEK 12

Basic systems model

• A system consists of interrelated components working together to achieve a common goal

• All systems can be viewed in terms of an Input – Process – Output model


Basic Systems


IT IS USEFUL TO VIEW A SYSTEM AS AN INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUTMODEL. TWO EXAMPLES:

INPUT PROCESS (incl components) OUTPUT

GARDENING SYSTEM:Plants, fertilizer, water, sunlight, human labour

INFORMATION SYSTEM:Hardware, software, networks, skilled people

Landscaping ideas, plans

A beautiful garden

DATA Information, knowledge, wisdom

Information systems

• Data, Information, Knowledge & Wisdom

• 5 key elements

• Dual nature of I.S.



Data is at the root and is the purpose of Information Systems (I)

• Distinction between:o Data – raw, unformatted information

•E.g.: 0743909999

o Information – data that is transformed to have a meaning•E.g.: (07) 4930-9999

o Knowledge – body of governing procedures used to organize or manipulate data

o Wisdom – accumulated knowledge


The Dual Nature of IS• IS can make or break a business• Aussie Uni – Disaster

o $47m in the redo Peoplesoft disaster

• Myer – IT renewalo Break-off from Coleso Spending $99m on IT refurbish

• New merchandising I.S. called MYMERCH

• New supply chain network

• Urbanbaby.com.au – ecommerce successo Doubled revenue every year since 2001o Got the technology righto Now hires 10 people

http://www.urbanbaby.com.au/


Information Systems: 5 key elements

• Combination of five key elements: o Peopleo Hardwareo Softwareo Datao Telecommunication

s networks


IS Infrastructure

• IS infrastructure components:

1. Hardware

2. Software

3. Networks

4. Data

5. Facilities

6. Human resources

7. Services

Infrastructure: Computing systems

• On-demand

• Grid

• Edge

• Autonomic


Managing knowledge

• What is KM

• Business Intelligence

• Explicit

• Tacit


Infrastructure: Databases

• Database Management Systems (dbms)

• Data warehouses

• Data marts

• Data mining

• Structured Query Language


Data backup techniques

• Principle of redundancy

• Mirroring

• Striping etc

• Disaster recovery


Networks

• Networks – interconnect computers

• Local Area Networks (servers, clients)

• Wide Area Networks – interconnect networks

• Internet, Intranet, Extranets

• TCP/IP

• Routers


Technology developments

• IP convergence =

• Devices now defaulting to using tcp/ip (internet language)


E-Commerce

• B2B

• B2C

• C2C

• G2C

• The three stages of B2C e-commerce



What can be done on the web

• GLOBAL CUSTOMER BASE

• CHEAP MARKETING TOOL

• REACH MORE PEOPLE

• PULL INFORMATION FROM LIVE DATABASES

• REAL TIME DATA

• UP-TO-THE-MINUTE DATA


Most Common Types of E-Commerce• Business-to-consumer (B2C)

o A person buys a book from Amazon.com

• Business-to-business (B2B)o Retailer like Wal-Mart ordering from distributors

• Business-to-employee (B2E)o Employee uses the Web to amend details

• Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)o One person purchases from another on eBay

• Government-to-consumer (G2C)

o Government services online, e.g. taxation


E-Commerce Business Strategies

• From no e-commerce, thru to e-commerce only.

E-COMMERCE APPROACHES


Stages of B2C E-Commerce

• Websites range from passive to active


Attracting and Retaining Online Customers• Basic rule of commerce

o Offer valuable products/services at fair prices

• Additional e-commerce rules1. The Web site should offer something unique2. The Web site must be aesthetically pleasing3. The Web site must be easy to use and fast4. The Web site must motivate people to visit, stay

and return5. You must advertise your presence on the Web6. You should learn from your Web site

Organisations: mgt levels

• Three levels of management

• Three levels of decision making

• Types of information req’d by each

• Structured decisions

• Semi-structured decisions

• Unstructured decisions



Decision-Making Levels of an Organization

KEY CONCEPT


Transaction Processing System• Operational level• Purpose:

o Processing of business events and transactionso Increase efficiency

• Automation• Lower costs• Increased speed and accuracy

• Exampleso Payroll processingo Sales and order processingo Inventory managemento Etc.


Management Information Systems• Managerial level

• Purpose:o Produce reportso Support of midlevel managers’ decisions

• Exampleso Sales forecastingo Financial management and forecastingo Manufacturing, planning and schedulingo Inventory management and planningo Etc.


Executive Information Systems• A.k.a. Executive support systems

• Executive level

• Purposeo Aid in executive decision-makingo Provide information in highly aggregated form

• Exampleso Monitoring of internal and external events and

resourceso Crisis managemento Etc.


7 Information Systems that Span Organizational Boundaries

Decision support systems

• What-if analysis is basic to DSS

• Most common tool - the spreadsheet

• Specialist software can also be purchased to enable more sophisticated data dicing and slicing.


Enterprise I.S.

• EIS addresses fundamental problem: lack of integration among legacy systems

• Concept of the “value chain”

• Vanilla software VS in-house dev’t – need to do cost-benefit analysis



Enterprise Systems:

• Non-enterprise system problems:o Information systems growing over time

o Lack of integration

•Different computing platforms

•Difficult to integrate

•Data must be reentered from one system to another

•Same pieces of data stored in several versions


Value Chain• Flow of information through a set of business activities

o Core activities – functional areas that process inputs and produce outputs

o Support activities – enable core activities to take place


Vanilla Versus Customized ES’s

• Vanilla versiono Modules the version comes with out of the

boxo Certain processes might not be supported

• Customizationo Additional software or changes to vanilla

versiono Always needs to be updated with new

versions of vanilla

Security Issues

• Invasive intrusion (spyware, viruses)

• Security audits or analysis

• VPN’s – use encryption tunneling technology to secure internet communications.



Primary Threats to Information Systems Security

• Accidents and natural disasterso Power outages, cats

walking across keyboards

• Employees and consultants

• Links to outside business contactso Travel between business

affiliates

• Outsiders

• Viruses

Ethics & Crime

• Major ethical issues in I.S. (accuracy, privacy and property)

• Types of computer crime (data diddling etc etc)



Computer Ethics – main issues• Issues and standards of

conduct pertaining to the use of information systems

• 1986 – Richard O. Mason articleo Most ethical debates relate to

• Information privacy

• Information accuracy

• Information property

• Information accessibility


Types of Computer Crimes

** END OF LECTURE **

GOOD LUCK EVERYONE

Ken Howah

Lecturer & course coordinator


Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World 1-1 COIS11011 Term One, 2008 Course Review Lecture Ken Howah, course coordinator COIS11011 WEEK.

Documents

information systems

o information data

purpose of information

digital world

computing systems

unformatted information

o data raw

managing knowledge