Transcript
The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution
• There was a shift from goods made by hand to factory and mass production
• Technological innovations brought production from farmhouse to factories– Invented in Britain in 1750; smuggled to U.S.– Beginning of the US Factory System
• US slow to embrace factory system– Scarce labor– Little capital– Superiority of British factories
•Built first textile mill in 1793 in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.
•Born in England on June 9, 1768 and worked in British factories.
•Slater came to US to make his fortune in the textile industry.
•Slatersville Mill was the largest and most modern industrial cotton mill of its
day
Samuel Slater was the "Father of the "Father of the American Factory American Factory
System."System."
The Lowell MillsThe Lowell Mills Francis C Lowell
came to the US to build British factories & met up with Boston mechanic, Paul Moody
h Together they improved the mill and invented a power loom that revolutionized textile manufacturing
The Lowell System Lowell,
Massachusetts, 1832
Hired young New England farm girls They were supervised on and off the job Worked 6 days a week, 13 hours a day Escorted to church on Sunday
Women & the EconomyWomen & the Economy1850: 10% of white women were working
for pay outside homeh Vast majority of working women were singleh Left paying jobs upon marriage
Idea of “Cult of domesticity” developsh This is a new concept of the perfect women:
homemakerJobs outside of the home empowered
married womenh Increased power & independence of women in
the home usually led to a decline in family size
Workers & Wage Slaves
Workers & Wage Slaves
Long hours, low wages, unsanitary conditions, lack of heat, etc.
hLabor unions illegal
1820: 1/2 of industrial workers were children under 10
Workers & Wage SlavesWorkers & Wage Slaves1820s & 1830s: Loyalty to Democratic
party led to improved conditionsh Fought for 10-hour day, higher wages, better
conditions
1830s & 1840s: Dozens of strikes for higher wages or 10-hour dayh 1837 depression hurt union membership
•1830s, Industrialization
grew throughout the North…
•Southern cotton shipped to Northern
textile mills was a good working relationship.
Resourcefulness & Experimentation
Resourcefulness & Experimentation
Americans were willing to try Americans were willing to try
anything. anything.
They were first copiers, thenThey were first copiers, then innovators. innovators.
Americans were willing to try Americans were willing to try
anything. anything.
They were first copiers, thenThey were first copiers, then innovators. innovators.1800 ---> 1800 ---> 41 patents approved41 patents approved
1860 --->1860 ---> 4,357 patents 4,357 patents approvedapproved
1800 ---> 1800 ---> 41 patents approved41 patents approved
1860 --->1860 ---> 4,357 patents 4,357 patents approvedapproved
•Eli Whitney’s cotton gin revolutionized the cotton industry.
•He is also noted for the concept of mass production and
interchangeable parts by creating dyes for pistols and rifles.
•Very important early pioneer in America’s industrial revolution.
Cotton Production
The invention which changed
the South, cotton and slavery.
Whitney Ends the Fiber Famine
Cotton gin invented in 1793h 50 times more effective than hand picking
Raising cotton more profitableh South needs slavery more than ever for “King Cotton”
New England factories flourish with Southern cotton
1807, Fulton's Clermont, was the first commercially successful and reliable
steamboat. Steam boat would revolutionize water travel.
The steamboat was often the only mechanical means of river travel and freight transportation
from 1808 through 1930.
1807, Fulton's Clermont, was the first commercially successful and reliable
steamboat. Steam boat would revolutionize water travel.
The steamboat was often the only mechanical means of river travel and freight transportation
from 1808 through 1930.
John Deere & the Steel PlowJohn Deere & the Steel Plow
Cyrus McCormick& the Mechanical Reaper
Cyrus McCormick& the Mechanical Reaper
Samuel F. B. MorseSamuel F. B. Morse
1840 – Telegraph1840 – Telegraph
“WHAT GOD HATH WROUGHT”“WHAT GOD HATH WROUGHT”
Cyrus Field & the Transatlantic Cable, 1858
Cyrus Field & the Transatlantic Cable, 1858
Elias Howe & Isaac Singer1840s
Sewing Machine
Elias Howe & Isaac Singer1840s
Sewing Machine
Perfected by SingerGave boost to northern industry
Became foundation for ready-made clothing industry
Led many women into factories
From left to right: Eli Whitney (cotton gin, interchangeable parts), Robert Fulton (steam boat), Thomas Edison (light bulb), Cyrus McCormick (reaper), Richard Hoe (automatic printing press)
From left to right: Eli Whitney (cotton gin, interchangeable parts), Robert Fulton (steam boat), Thomas Edison (light bulb), Cyrus McCormick (reaper), Richard Hoe (automatic printing press)
american system
The inventions combined with greater transportation encourage economic growth Protective tariff of 1816 (allows US factories to grow)
Americans are encouraged to buy American goods
2nd Bank of the United States It is recharted (approved to be continued) in 1816
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