Industrial revolution

The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution

• There was a shift from goods made by hand to factory and mass production

• Technological innovations brought production from farmhouse to factories– Invented in Britain in 1750; smuggled to U.S.– Beginning of the US Factory System

• US slow to embrace factory system– Scarce labor– Little capital– Superiority of British factories

•Built first textile mill in 1793 in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.

•Born in England on June 9, 1768 and worked in British factories.

•Slater came to US to make his fortune in the textile industry.

•Slatersville Mill was the largest and most modern industrial cotton mill of its

day

Samuel Slater was the "Father of the "Father of the American Factory American Factory

System."System."

The Lowell MillsThe Lowell Mills Francis C Lowell

came to the US to build British factories & met up with Boston mechanic, Paul Moody

h Together they improved the mill and invented a power loom that revolutionized textile manufacturing

The Lowell System Lowell,

Massachusetts, 1832

Hired young New England farm girls They were supervised on and off the job Worked 6 days a week, 13 hours a day Escorted to church on Sunday

Women & the EconomyWomen & the Economy1850: 10% of white women were working

for pay outside homeh Vast majority of working women were singleh Left paying jobs upon marriage

Idea of “Cult of domesticity” developsh This is a new concept of the perfect women:

homemakerJobs outside of the home empowered

married womenh Increased power & independence of women in

the home usually led to a decline in family size

Workers & Wage Slaves

Workers & Wage Slaves

Long hours, low wages, unsanitary conditions, lack of heat, etc.

hLabor unions illegal

1820: 1/2 of industrial workers were children under 10

Workers & Wage SlavesWorkers & Wage Slaves1820s & 1830s: Loyalty to Democratic

party led to improved conditionsh Fought for 10-hour day, higher wages, better

conditions

1830s & 1840s: Dozens of strikes for higher wages or 10-hour dayh 1837 depression hurt union membership

•1830s, Industrialization

grew throughout the North…

•Southern cotton shipped to Northern

textile mills was a good working relationship.

Resourcefulness & Experimentation

Resourcefulness & Experimentation

Americans were willing to try Americans were willing to try

anything. anything.

They were first copiers, thenThey were first copiers, then innovators. innovators.

Americans were willing to try Americans were willing to try

anything. anything.

They were first copiers, thenThey were first copiers, then innovators. innovators.1800 ---> 1800 ---> 41 patents approved41 patents approved

1860 --->1860 ---> 4,357 patents 4,357 patents approvedapproved

1800 ---> 1800 ---> 41 patents approved41 patents approved

1860 --->1860 ---> 4,357 patents 4,357 patents approvedapproved

•Eli Whitney’s cotton gin revolutionized the cotton industry.

•He is also noted for the concept of mass production and

interchangeable parts by creating dyes for pistols and rifles.

•Very important early pioneer in America’s industrial revolution.

Cotton Production

The invention which changed

the South, cotton and slavery.

Whitney Ends the Fiber Famine

Cotton gin invented in 1793h 50 times more effective than hand picking

Raising cotton more profitableh South needs slavery more than ever for “King Cotton”

New England factories flourish with Southern cotton

1807, Fulton's Clermont, was the first commercially successful and reliable

steamboat. Steam boat would revolutionize water travel.

The steamboat was often the only mechanical means of river travel and freight transportation

from 1808 through 1930.

1807, Fulton's Clermont, was the first commercially successful and reliable

steamboat. Steam boat would revolutionize water travel.

The steamboat was often the only mechanical means of river travel and freight transportation

from 1808 through 1930.

John Deere & the Steel PlowJohn Deere & the Steel Plow

Cyrus McCormick& the Mechanical Reaper

Cyrus McCormick& the Mechanical Reaper

Samuel F. B. MorseSamuel F. B. Morse

1840 – Telegraph1840 – Telegraph

“WHAT GOD HATH WROUGHT”“WHAT GOD HATH WROUGHT”

Cyrus Field & the Transatlantic Cable, 1858

Cyrus Field & the Transatlantic Cable, 1858

Elias Howe & Isaac Singer1840s

Sewing Machine

Elias Howe & Isaac Singer1840s

Sewing Machine

Perfected by SingerGave boost to northern industry

Became foundation for ready-made clothing industry

Led many women into factories

From left to right: Eli Whitney (cotton gin, interchangeable parts), Robert Fulton (steam boat), Thomas Edison (light bulb), Cyrus McCormick (reaper), Richard Hoe (automatic printing press)

From left to right: Eli Whitney (cotton gin, interchangeable parts), Robert Fulton (steam boat), Thomas Edison (light bulb), Cyrus McCormick (reaper), Richard Hoe (automatic printing press)

american system

The inventions combined with greater transportation encourage economic growth Protective tariff of 1816 (allows US factories to grow)

Americans are encouraged to buy American goods

2nd Bank of the United States It is recharted (approved to be continued) in 1816