Index [assets.cambridge.org]assets.cambridge.org/97805218/31307/index/9780521831307...Index 563 CivilWar inEngland,51 inIreland,50 Soviet,321 civiliandeaths,2 CivilizationandItsDiscontents(Freud),18
Post on 19-Jun-2020
1 Views
Preview:
Transcript
Index
Aaronsohn, A.(1916), 146
Abakiga, 455–6Abdulhamit II, Sultan, 118–19, 125, 130Abu Sayyaf movement, 526abuse, gender, 89, 152, 171. See also
rapeAccounting for Genocide (Fein), 279Aceh, 493–4Acquitainians, 14Act of Settlement (1652), 52Act of Union (1536), 58actorideological, 100in interwar ethnic relations, 68settler, in South West Africa, 102–6in South West Africa, 100
Adana, 127–8Addis Ababa, 309Adler, 63Adzic, General, 394affectual action, 26Africa, 11, 428–9Agaoglu, 122Agayev. See Agaogluage, 56–7agriculture, collectivization of, in Soviet
Union, 323Ahmici, 357, 406, 409, 410, 413–14AK-47. See KalashnikovAkayesu, Mayor Jean Paul, 458, 469Akazu. See “little house”Akcam, J.(1992), 172
Akcam, Taner, 154Akcura, 131Aktion Reinhard (death camps), 213, 251,
259–62, 291Alai Bey, 160Albania, 112
Albaniansin Kosovo, 356, 359, 363, 386, 416and religion, 10
Albigensians, 42alcohol, 65, 242, 262, 266, 271, 278, 287,
419, 420, 422, 462, 480Aleksovski, Zlatko, 406, 414Aleksynas, 285Aleppo, 161Alexander II, Tsar, 64Alexander, King, 294Alexander the Great, 38Ali Muenif Bey, 160, 161“Alia.” See IzetbegovicAlilovic, 409Allen, M.(2002), 215
Allers, Dietrich, 260Alodhya mosque, 481Alp, Tekin, 131Amasasu, 445Amdja, Hassan, 158AmericaIndians, 505. See also specific tribesIndians, perception of, 84Indians, Plan A for, 89–90, 96Indians, Plan B for, 90, 96Indians, Plan C for, 92, 96–7Indians, rationales for extermination of,vii
native population in, 76peoples of, 9Spanish incursions into, 71
Anatolia, 112And Quiet Flows the Don (Sholokhov), 324Anderson, B.(1983), 30
“Angel of Death,” 218Angka, 344, 345, 346, 348, 349, 350Ankor Vat, 340
559
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press052183130X - The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic CleansingMichael MannIndexMore information
560 Index
Anschluss, 194anti-Semitism, 47, 183, 184, 190–1,
193anti-Slav sentiments, 184Antonescu, Marshal, 303, 304–7Aosta, Duke of, 309Apache Indians, 91, 96Arad, Y.(1987), 213
Arajs, Major Viktor, 283, 284, 292Arapaho Indians, 98Arendt, H.(1965), 244(1983), 29, 189
Arkan. See Raznatovic, ZeljkoArkan’s Tigers, 392, 404ArmeniaArmenian Problem, 6, 8“the Armenian Question,” 141genocide in, 140–79peoples of, 8
Armenians, 115, 116, 117–18arms sales, 526Arrow Cross, 302Artamen League, 213Arunachal Pradesh, 489Arusha Accords (1993), 441–2, 443, 451,
500Ashdown, Paddy, 396, 407Asia, 71Asiatic-Bolshevism, 273Assam, 489assimilation, 72in America, 87aristocratic lateral, 72, 78civic definition of, 181coercive, in America, 88coercive, in Ireland, 49, 53coercive, in Ottoman Empire, 131cultural, in Bulgaria, 307forced, in Greater Serbia, 357–8under Hapsburgs, 182institutional, in South West Africa, 100institutional, in Spain, 47lateral, 35, 41lateral aristocratic, 60lateral aristocratic, in Australia, 79lateral aristocratic, in South West Africa,101
partial, in America, 89voluntary, 13–14voluntary, in America, 86
voluntary, in Germany, 181voluntary, partial, 508
Assyrians, 34, 39, 40–1Ataturk, 130, 163atrocities“bottom-up,” 22Bulgarian, 113Croatian, in the Laska Valley, 405–16four types of, in Yugoslavia, 356–7Muslim, 416–18
Augustus, 38Aumeier, Hans, 252Auschwitz, 212, 216, 240Ausrottung, 191Australia, 13, 79–83Aboriginal population in, 76, 79–80, 83peoples of, 9Plan A in, 79Plan B in, 79Plan C in, 80Plan D in, 82Plan E in, 82
Austria, 63–4Austrian Germans, and Slavic threat, 182Austrian Germans, and Jewish threat, 182and Slavic threat, 183
“Austrian Legion,” 216Auxiliary Police Battalion 101, 215,
266–72Auxiliary Police Battalion 309, 271Ayodha, 484Azeris, 9
Babic, 384, 387–8, 393, 400Babylonian rebellion, 40Bach-Zalewski, General von dem Erich, 199,
246–7, 268Baer, Richard, 252Bagasora, Colonel Theoneste, 443, 445, 447,
451Baggesen, Mayor Ignace, 407Baghdjian, K.(1987), 170
Bagilishema, Mayor, 448, 455–6Bagogwe, 447Bajrang Dal, 479, 483Baky, 300Balkan statesPlan A in, 281Plan B in, 282Plan C in, 282
Balkan wars, 131
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press052183130X - The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic CleansingMichael MannIndexMore information
Index 561
Baltic states, 16, 19, 113, 281–6, 353Banach, J.(1998), 214
Bandwagon Nazis, 235Bantu, 432Barbie, Klaus, 218, 222Barnett, A.(1983), 349
Bartov, O.(1985), 273(1996), 29
Bassiouni Report, 420Battle of Kosovo Field (1389), 19–20, 358,
361Bauchenwald, 200Baumann, Z.(1989), 21, 29, 240
Beara, Colonel, 396“Beast of Belsen,” 218. See KramerBecker, E.(1998), 349
Being Muslim the Bosnian Way (1995), 406Beissinger, M.(2002), 25, 355
Bekir Sami Bey, 161Belarus, 286–8Belgium, 60Bell-Fialkoff, A.(1993), 69
Belzec, 259, 292Benes, President, 353Berger, General, 199Berktay, Halil, 154Bernau, Mr., 111, 153Best, Werner, 202Beziers, 42Bianchi, 407–8Bigler, Governor, 91Bilinsky, Y.(1990), 291
biological-racial reasoning, 185Birn, R.(1998), 189, 271
Bisesero, 455, 460, 465“Bitch of Buchenwald,” 218BJP, 483Black-and-Tans, 15Black Hawk War, 93Blaskic, Colonel Tihomir, 406, 410, 411,
413“bloodlines” and mass murder, 342–3“Bloody Brygida.” See Lachert, Hildegard
Blume, Walter, 264Bluttkit, 263Boban, Mate, 378, 384, 408Bodo, 489Bohme, General Franz, 274Boljevic, Dusan and Jagoda, 420Bolshevik Revolution, 183Bolshevism, 5, 273, 321Bond, D.(1998), 20
Book of the Courtier, The (Guicciardini), 43border disputes, 355between Armenians and Azeris, 355between Georgians and Ossetians, 355in India, 488between Jammu and Kashmir, 486–8between Tajikhistan and Uzbekhistan, 355
Boris, Czar, 307Bosnia, 368–9, 381Bosniaks in, 10, 369Bosnian Serb Party (SDS), 369Bosnian state, 7cantons of, 406Muslims, 416population in, 366Serb aggression against, 395–6
Bosnia-Herzegovina, 356ethnic self-identification in, 363population in, 366
Bosnian Croat army (HVO), 407, 409Bosnian Croat party (HDZ), 408Bosnian refugees, 116Brack, 210Bradford, William, 85Braeckman, P.(1994), 447
Braham, R.(1981), 301
Brandt, Karl, 257Brass, P.(1997), 22, 441, 475, 476
Bratunac, 385Braunsteiner, Hermine, 253Bridgman, J.(1981), 107
Bringa, Tone, 406–7, 414–16Britain, 13Broad, Corporal Perry, 254, 292Broszat, M.(1981), 190
Browder, G.(1996), 214–15, 231
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press052183130X - The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic CleansingMichael MannIndexMore information
562 Index
Brown, P.(1996), 35
Browning, C.(1978), 215(1978, 1985, 1993, 1994), 247–8(1983), 248(1993), 189, 215, 267, 270
Brubaker, R.(1996), 68, 360
Bryce Report, 136, 150, 151, 153, 169Buchheim, H.(1968), 270
Buddhism, 42Bulgaria, 112, 307–8Bulow, Reich Chancellor von, 104,
105Burckel, Josef, 246Burke, P.(1978), 43–4, 58
Burleigh, M.(1994), 260(2000), 183, 259
Burnett, Governor, 91Burundi, 430, 431–2, 435, 438Busovaca, 410, 411Butare, 456
“Caco.” See Topalovic, MusanCahit, Huseyin, 144California Indians, 76, 87–8. See also
America, native population; America,Indians
callous class warfare, 324callous policies, 16callous warfareand Albigensians, 42in China, 337in Holy Roman Empire, 48in Ireland, 51in Ottoman Empire, 113against Poles, 185
Cambodia, 339–42, 350Plan A in, 341Plan B in, 341
Campbell, B.(1998), 196
Canaris, Admiral, 273Canby, General, 92Caribbean islands, 16Carthage, 34, 36Casas, Bartolome de las, 77Castillo, Bernal Diaz del, 77
Cathar heresy, 42Caucasus, the, 98, 112, 114CCP, 337, 338–9Cefalonia, 274Celebici, 416–17Cerkez, Commander, 406, 411, 413Chandler, D.(1999), 346, 347, 348
“Chaos Thesis,” 264Charny, I.(1986), 9
Chechia, 6, 99, 329Chechnya, 329, 355Cheka secret police, 65, 321Cherokee Indians, 86–7, 93, 94, 108Chetniks, 362, 392, 421Cheyenne Indians, 98Chickasaw Indians, 108China, 330–9bureaucracy, 39famine in, 336“five black categories” in, 337“five red categories” in, 337inflation in, 334–5land distribution in, 332Plan A in, 333Plan B in, 333–4Plan C in, 334, 335, 337Plan D in, 337Red Guards in, 337
Chinese Communist Party (CPP), 330–1, 332,333
chistka. See purgeChivington, Colonel, 98Choctaw Indians, 93, 108Christendom, 16th-century Western, 48Christian Greeks, 115Christian Socialists, 63Christianity, 42, 75Christie, Debra, 415Chumash Indians, 18. See also American
IndiansChurchill, Winston, 190, 353Ciano, 308Cigar, N.(1995), 20, 360
Cilicia, 127Circassians, 99–100citizenship, 56Citizenship Law, 193Civil Service Academy, 122civil society theory, 21
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press052183130X - The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic CleansingMichael MannIndexMore information
Index 563
Civil Warin England, 51in Ireland, 50Soviet, 321
civilian deaths, 2Civilization and Its Discontents (Freud), 18class, 56, 57, 58, 59“class-divided societies,” 36and ethnicity, 60–1
classicide, 17, 320in Cambodia, 340, 342in China, 337
cleansingbiological, 15colonial, 70–6, 107–8ethnic, 522. See also power, networksethnic, defined, 11ethnic, five steps of, in Yugoslavia, 361ethnic, in Northern Europe, 506–9ethnic, Plan A for, 7ethnic, Plan B for, 7murderous, 97murderous, alternative scenarios for, 6–7murderous, as Plan C, 7–8murderous, danger zone of, 6murderous, modernity of, 2–3, 502murderous, perpetuation of, 7
Clifton, R.(1999), 50
coercion, institutional, 14in Germany, 181on Iberian Peninsula, 45during Thirty Years War, 49
Cohen, L.(1995), 360
Cohen, Moses. See Alp, TekinCold War, 511“collective conscience” (Durkheim), 121“collective madness,” 403colonyeconomy, types of colonial, 71–2expansion, Russian, 99–100mixed, 71occupation, 71plantation, 71pure settlement, 72settler cases, 22
Commanche Indians, 97Commissar Order, 187“commitment problem,” 24Committee of the Committee of Union and
Progress (CUP), 123, 126–7
common law (English), 43Communistdeaths under regimes, 319perceived enemies of, 318–21
“comprador capitalist,” 342concentration camps, 200–2confederal methodology, 13confederalism, multicultural, under
Hapsburgs, 182Conference of the Undersecretaries, 248Congo, 7Connolly, S.(1992), 53
Connor, W.(1994), 31, 59, 365
consociationalism, 13, 114, 118, 524Constitution of 1850, 90constructivism, 21“contradictions of continuous revolution,”
197conversionforced, 16forced, and Albigensians, 42forced, of Serbs, 296
conversos, 45–6Convicts Brigade, 409convivencia, 45Conwy, 58Coote, Charles, 52core constituencies, 20, 505–6Corradini, 62, 309Cortes, 76–7Corwin, P.(1999), 422
Cossacks, 15Coster, W.(1999), 52
CPP, 336, 337. See Chinese CommunistParty
CRD, 440Creek Indians, 85, 92, 93, 108Croatia, 294–8, 367, 376, 379Chetniks, 295Croatian army (HVO), 407Croatian Community of Herceg-Bosna,
408Croatian Democratic Party, 385Croatian Party of Rights, 379Croatian state, 7Croats in, 10ethnic self-identification in, 363Tito’s Partisans, 295
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press052183130X - The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic CleansingMichael MannIndexMore information
564 Index
Crocker, M.(1998), 98
Cromwell, Oliver, 50–2Crook, General, 96Crosby, A.(1986), 76
CUP. See Committee of the Committee ofUnion and Progress
Custer, General George Armstrong, 92Cyahinda, 463Czechoslovakia, 353
Dachau, 200, 201, 213, 216, 252Dadrian, V.(1992), 127, 128(1993), 174(1996), 20(1997), 133
Dahijas, 405Dallaire, General Romeo, 449, 452, 527Davidson, K.(1985), 172
Davies, Consul, 152, 153, 162, 171Dayaks, 5, 495–6Dayton Agreement (1995), 387Dean, M.(2000), 271
death camps, 242Death of a Nation (BBC documentary), 370Declaration on the Sovereignity and
Autonomy of the Serbian People, 387Deir Zor, 146, 148Del Boca, A.(1969), 309–10
Delacic, Zejnil, 417Delic, Hazim, 417democracy, 3. See also demosconceptions of, 68–9liberal, 55majoritarian, 22settler, 4, 73, 88, 90
Democratic League of Kosovo, 387democratic peace theory, 21–2, 108demos, i, 3–4, 55, 184, 502. See also
democracyDeng, Xiaoping, 336Department of Jewish Affairs, 307Deportation Order, 158deportations, 87, 90Assyrian, 41coerced, Jewish, 66forcible, in America, 90
forcible, in Spain, 47forcible, in the Ottoman Empire, 141limited, in America, 89–90in the Ottoman Empire, 131, 156policed, 15policed, Assyrian, 41policed, in America, 87, 96policed, in Australia, 79, 83policed, in Cambodia, 341policed, in Hungary, 299policed, in Ottoman Empire, 113, 143policed, in Poland, 281policed, in Romania, 303policed, in Russia, 282policed, in South West Africa, 101policed, in Spain, 47policed, under Stalinism, 321, 323violent, in Ottoman Empire, 144violent, of Jews, 208violent, of Poles, 208wild, 15wild, in Greater Serbia, 359wild, in Hungary, 299wild, in Ottoman Empire, 113wild, in Yugoslavia, 357wild, of Jews, 194wild, of Poles, 182wild, of Serbs, 296wild, of Soviet Slavs, 186
Deronjic, 396Des Forges, A.(1999), 442, 463
Deutsche Volkspartei (German People’sParty), 63
di Tiro, Hasan, 493direct rule, 73“Directive 7,” 395discrimination, 14, 67, 509and the anti-Catholic Penal Laws, 52in Australia, 82under Hapsburgs, 183in Ireland, 53in Macedonia, 368in Romania, 303in Rwanda, 435in South West Africa, 100under Stalinism, 322in Yugoslavia, 355
disease, 74, 75–80, 85, 89dispersal, 81Dittrich, Erich, 249Djemal Bey, 159–60
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press052183130X - The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic CleansingMichael MannIndexMore information
Index 565
Djemal Effendi, 160Djemal Pasha, 118, 123, 129, 132, 144,
158–9, 164Djevdet Bey, 147Dolukhanov, P.(1994), 35, 37
“Domovnica,” 382Dorian, 305–6Dortyol, 145–6Draskovic, Vuk, 367, 371, 372, 374Drina Army Corps, 396“Driving while Black,” 14Drogheda, 50–1, 52Durkheim, Emil, 25Duruy, 59Dusan the Mighty, 392Dusina, 409Dutch, 44dynastic empiresHapsburg (Austria), 62multiethnic, 62Ottoman (Islamic, Turkey), 62Romanov (Russia), 62
Eberl, Irmfried, 260ecological imperialism, 76Edip, Halide, 162–3Ehlers, Ernst-Boje, 268Eichmann, Adolf, 199, 208, 209, 218,
244–5, 260, 300Eicke, Theodor, 201, 216, 252Einsatzgruppen, 215, 263–6electionsGerman, 1928–32, 183–4Serbia, 1990–91, 184
Elias, N.(1996), 195
elites, 39–40Emancipation of 1826, 88emigrationcoerced, 67pressured, in Rwanda, 430, 434, 435,
440pressured, in Yugoslavia, 357pressured, of Jews, 193, 208
encomienda, 77Endre, 300Entfernung, 191, 240Entress, Friedrich, 255Enver Pasha, 123, 124, 125, 129, 131, 132,
135, 144, 155Erdemovic, Drazen, 401–2
Eremija, Lieutenant Colonel, 394Erzindjan, 171–2escalation, 504Essad Bey, 161ethic of responsibility, 425Ethiopia, 309–10ethnicconfederalism, 321conflict, antidotes to, 522–9conflict, development of, 6enemies, 328hostility, 5–6imperial revisionism, 183“niche,” 31niche economies, 516revisionism, 227victims, 328–9wars, obstacles to thwarting, 527
ethnicity, 37, 79, 324–5, 383and class, 60–1defined, 11German, 181, 214revival of, in Southern Europe, 509–14in Yugoslav republics, 362–6
ethnocide, 36, 72, 75in America, 84, 88in Australia, 80defined, 16in Mexico, 76, 78in Ottoman Empire, 144
ethnocracy, 39, 502, 519ethnonationalism, i, 5, 20, 515–18Hindu, 482, 483–4
ethnos, i, 3, 4, 55, 184, 502ethnosymbolism, 19EU, 507Europe, 57–8, 61–2“Euthanasia” project. See T4Evans, A.(1999), 488
Evans, Governor, 98expulsion, forcible, 354of Greeks and Turks from Cyprus, 354of Greeks from Abkhazia, 354of Greeks from Turkey, 354of Turks from Bulgaria, 354
extraterritoriality, 72–3Ezergailis, 284
factionalism, 503Fanslau, Heinz-Karl, 235fascism, defined, 180
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press052183130X - The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic CleansingMichael MannIndexMore information
566 Index
Fascist Union of Christian RomanianStudents, 303–4
Fascists (Mann, 2004), 65Fearon, J.(1995), 24
Fearon, J., and D. Laitin(2000), 21(2003), 4, 11, 516
fedais, 124, 129Fein, H.(1984), 21, 279, 298
Feingold, H.(1983), 240
Fetterman Massacre, 108Fieldhouse, D.(1965), 71, 72
Filbert, Dr. Alfred, 264, 269Filipovic, Colonel, 411“Final Solution,” 8, 18, 107, 187, 188, 195,
208–11, 240, 305, 499–500Fischbock, Hans, 249Fisher, Harriet, 162–3Five Year Plan (1928), 322Flick, Friedrich, 249Florstedt, Hermann, 235Flossenburg, 200Four Year Plan (1976), 343France, 13minorities in, 59
Franciscan Missions, 87–8Frank, Hans, 246Franz, Kurt, 261fratricide, 320, 337, 340, 345Frederickson, G.(1988), 71, 72, 185
Freikorps, 195–6, 203, 213, 234, 235, 237French Revolution, 61Frenzel, Karl, 262Friedlander, H.(1995), 259
Friedlander, S.(1997), 192
Fritzsche, Karl, 252Fuchs, Sergeant, 274fundamentalism, 513–14Furundzija, Commander, 411
Gagauz, 307“Galahad of National Socialism.” See
Ohlendorf, OttoGandhi, Indira, 486Gecas, Antanas, 285
Gellately, R.(1990), 214
Gellner, E.(1983), 36–7
genocide, 34in America, 85, 91, 94, 98Armenian, 499attempted, of Gypsies, 181in Australia, 83“banality” of, 240–1complicity of non-Nazi institutions in, 247defined, 17escalation of, in South West Africa, 106of Jews, 185, 188in Lithuania, 285in the main Nazi camps, 251–6Nazi, institutionalized, 240–78in the Ottoman Empire, 149partial, 17in Rwanda, 430, 500scale of Nazi, 184–91scenarios required for, 503statist, in the Ottoman Empire, 156Yugoslav, 358, 500–1
Gerlach, C.(1999), 209
German Ideology, The (Marx), 347“German Question, the,” 180Germans“ethnic,” 353–4Sudetan, 353
Germany. See also Iberian peninsula;Deutsche Volkspartei
Germans in, 6, 10Gerstein, Kurt, 250Gestapo, 202Getty, J.A.(1985), 330
Ghalib Bey, General, 164“Ghengizism,” 132Gisenyi, 436, 443, 447, 451, 453, 454Gisovu, 459, 464Gitarama, 436, 457Glavas, 388Glenny, M.(1992), 359, 380(1993), 400
Glina, 385Globocnik, Odilo, 247Glogova, 396Glucks, Major-General Richard, 217, 243Godhra, 484–5
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press052183130X - The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic CleansingMichael MannIndexMore information
Index 567
Goebbels, Joseph, 195, 208, 211Goeth, Amon, 253Gokalp, 120–2, 131, 132, 144Goldhagen, D.(1996), 20, 189, 190, 215, 267, 282
Gordy, E.(1999), 374
Gorgass, Dr., 204–5Goring, Herman, 193, 194, 195, 209Gorski, P.(2000), 44
Gourevitch, P.(1998), 467, 469
grain expropriations, in Soviet Union, 324Granada, 46, 47Grant, Ulysses, 91Graziani, General, 309Great Famine, 324, 329“Great Leap Forward” (China), 15–16, 334,
336, 339Great Purge, 327Great Terror (1937–38), 326–7“Greater Serbia,” 365, 369, 372, 389Greece, 112Greek polis, 39Greeks, 116, 117
Grese, Irma, 256Grosscurth, Lt. Col., 250Grude, 408Guatemala, 512Gujarat pogrom (2002), 484–5Gurr, T.(1993), 505(2000), 20
gypsies, 185, 305, 307
Haberer, E.(2002), 267
habitual action, 25Habyarimana, President, 435, 436, 439, 440,
441Hadjin, Mufti of, 172Hagen, Dr. Wilhelm, 250Halder, Army Chief of Staff, 209Halil Bey, 158, 163, 166Halim, Grand Vizier Said, 158Hantl, Emil, 255Hapsburg, 181, 182Hapsburg Empire, 112Harff, B.(1998), 20
Harster, Wilhelm, 203
Hartl, Lieutenant Albert, 250, 269, 270HDZ, 377, 379–80, 407, 409. See also
Bosnian Croat partyHeadland, R.(1992), 187
Hefner, R.(2000), 497
Heissmeyer, Kurt, 235Henry VII, King, 58Henry VIII, King, 58Herero, 102, 103–6, 108Hetmans, 66Heuze, G.(1992), 480
Heyde, Werner, 258Heydrich, Reinhard, 187, 195, 198, 202,
209, 210, 242Hezekial, King, 40–1Highland Clearances, 61Hilberg, R.(1978), 187, 213, 263, 303
Hill people, 342Hima, 432Himmler, Heinrich, vii, 66, 195, 198, 199,
201, 202, 209, 211, 215, 246Hinduism, 42Hindutva, 474Hintjens, H.(1999), 436, 442
Hinze, Gunther, 254Hitler, Adolf, vii, 183, 184, 185, 190, 191,
204, 206–7, 211, 272, 307–8and the Poles, 209
Hlinka Slovak Populist Party, 293–4HO. See Croatia, Croatian armyHocker, Karl, 252hodja, 171Hoffman, Franz, 201–2, 252Holbrooke, Richard, 360Hollweg, Chancellor Bethmann, 173–4Holocaust. See “Final Solution”homeland states, 68Horowitz, D.(1983), 428(2001), 476, 480
Horthy, Admiral, 298–300, 302, 306HOS militia, 409Hoss, Major Rudolf, 175, 201, 212, 252Hoss, R.(1978), 244
Hoxie, F.(1984), 87
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press052183130X - The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic CleansingMichael MannIndexMore information
568 Index
Huber, Irmgard, 258human action, types of (Weber), 25–6“Human Beast, The.” SeeWagnerHungary, 298–302the “Jewish Question” in, 300Plan A in, 298Plan B in, 299
Huntington, S.(1996), 519
Huron, 84Hutu, 5, 7, 10, 17, 18, 430, 431,
443HVO. See Bosnian Croat army
Iberian peninsula, 45–53ICTR. See Rwanda, UN International
Criminal Tribunal forIG Farben, 249Ilias, Hodja, 166“imperial nation,” 133, 431Impuzamugambi, 446Independent Republic of the South
Moluccas, 494Independent State of Croatia, 295India, 474–90Bombay riot of 1992–93, 476Congress Party in, 475, 483East Bengal riots (1950), 486Gujarat pogrom (2002), 476intercaste violence in, 483–4languages of, 474, 486multiethnicity of, 474–5partition of, 485–6religions of, 474–5“seven sisters” of, 489Sikh/Hindu conflict in, 486
Indian Bureau, 90Indians, 108indios, 78indirect rule, 73individualism, 55Indo-Europeans, 35Indonesia, 490–8anti-Chinese riots in, 497difficulties faced by nationalists in, 491–2Dutch in, 490, 496East Timor, 492–3Irian Jaya, 495martial law declared (1959) in, 491massacre of Communists (1965) in, 491the Moluccas, 494–5Sulawesi, 494–5
West Kalimantan, 495–6West Papua, 495
Industrial Revolution, 79in-group policing, 21information failure, 25Ingushi, 329Innocentists, 305Institute of National Remembrance, 281instrumentally rational action, 25Interahamwe, 445, 446, 448, 452, 454, 455,
460, 461, 462, 464, 470International Criminal Court, 528Ioanid, R.(1990), 303(1991), 304(2000), 302
Iran, 511Ireland, 49–53, 58, 611845 famine, 336
Ireton, 52“Iron George.” See Sorge, GustavIron Guard, 304. See also Legion of the
Archangel MichaelIron Wolf, 283, 285Iroquois Indians, 84, 85Islam, 42Italian Socialist Republic. See SaloItaly, 308–11Ittihadist, 125, 172Izetbegovic, 367, 368, 388, 395
JA, 393Jackson, Andrew, 93Jackson, Consul, 153, 171Jaeger, Emil, 276Jaffrelot, C.(1996), 475, 476, 480
Jamaat-i-Islami, 479Jarolin, Josef, 252Jasenovac, 377Jassy, 304Java, 491Jedwabne, 281Jefferson, Thomas, vii, 70, 92–3Jelisic, Goran, 402Jesenovac, 296Jevdet, Tahir, 160“Jew, the,” 207Jews, 310–11. See also Judeo-Bolshevism
Judaismatrocities by, 9and Auxiliary Police Battalion 101, 266
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press052183130X - The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic CleansingMichael MannIndexMore information
Index 569
and the Bolshevik Revolution, 183in Bulgaria, 307–8and conversos, 46–7in Croatia, 297in death camps, 262in Estonia, 282, 283exterminated because of foreign
entanglements, 184genocide of, 8, 263in Germany, 25in the Hapsburg Empire, 182in Hungary, 302in Italy, 308“Jewish Question” and population
transfers, 69“Jewish subhumanity,” 273in the Kaiserreich, 181in Latvia, 282, 283linked to Bolshevik uprisings, 192–3in Lithuania, 282, 283oppression of, by Roman Empire, 19perceptions of, 254, 256, 316–17and perpetrators, 231in Poland, 280and Poles, 208–9as “privileged” victims, 184rationales for extermination, 265, 267in Romania, 302–7in Russia, 64–6, 209–10and salvation religions, 42, 43shooting of, 272in the Soviet Union, 187in Spain, 45, 46–7as targets of resentment, 64–6in the Ukraine, 66, 289, 290as Untermenschen, 272variables in killing of, 279
Jihad, 171, 518JNA, 380–1. See Yugolavia, Yugoslav armyJNR, 434Jokers, 409Jovic, State Council President, 376, 381Judah, T.(2000), 386–7
Judaism, 38, 187. See also JewsJudeo-Bolshevism, 9, 65, 66, 183, 191, 196,
207, 209, 210, 211, 273, 280, 281, 290,301, 305, 306
Justiz und NS-Verbrechen, 218
Kadets, 66Kadir, Hilme Abdul, 161–2
Kaiser, H.(1999a), 150, 153(1999b), 174(2001a), 145
Kaiserreich, 62Kajmovic, Professor, 413Kakwenzire, J. and D. Kumukama(1999), 447
Kalashnikov, 521Kallay, Prime Minister, 299Kaltenbrunner, Ernst, 243–4Kalyvas, S.(1999), 24
Kambanda, Prime Minister Jean Alphonse,456
Kamil, General, 147, 168Kamilindi, Thomas, 453Kangura, 443Kanyabashi, Mayor Joseph, 457Kaornik, 414Karadzic, Radovan, 384, 388–9, 393, 395–6,
517Karamira, 452Karay, F.(1996), 291
Karemera, 452Kashmir, 6, 475, 487Kashubians, 185Katschenka, Anna, 259Katz, J.(1988), 28, 383, 399(1993), 29, 212–13, 466
Katzmann, Friedrich, 247Kavazovic, 412Kayishema, Clement, 454–5Kazakhs, 99–100Kazakhstan, Russian minority in, 23–4Keane, F.(1995), 469
Keitel, Field Marshal Wilhelm, 274Kemal, Mustapha. See AtaturkKershaw, I.(1984), 206(1997), 194
Kevorkian, 127, 128, 158Khairi, Shaikh-ul-Islam, 158Khmer Rouge, 17, 339–47Kiazim, Musa, 158Kiebach, 266Kiernan, B.(1996), 343, 346, 349
Kigali, 453
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press052183130X - The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic CleansingMichael MannIndexMore information
570 Index
killer. See also perpetratorbigoted, 27, 189bigoted, in Cambodia, 349bigoted, in death camps, 202bigoted, in Germany, 198bureaucratic, 29bureaucratic, in Germany, 189careerist, 28careerist, in death camps, 202careerist, in Germany, 189, 194comradely, 28–33comradely, in death camps, 202comradely, in Germany, 189, 198disciplined, 28disciplined, in death camps, 202disciplined, in Germany, 189, 194elite desk, 242–51fearful, 28fearful, in Germany, 189ideological, 27, 239ideological desk-, 243materialist, 28materialist, in Germany, 189violent, 28violent, in Cambodia, 349violent, in Germany, 198
Kinyarwanda language, 432, 439Kirschbaum, 64Kiseljak, 410, 412Kishwar, M.(1998a), 466
KL officers, 1945, 217KLA, 387Klehr, Josef, 253Kljucic, President, 408Klujic, 384Kneissler, Pauline, 205Knights of Serbia, 392Knin, 385, 387, 418Koch, Ernst, 246Koch, Karl, 252Koehl, R.(1983), 214
Koljevic, 384Komeno, 276Konia, 146, 148Kordic, 408, 411, 413Kosiy, Bohdan, 290Kosovo, 1, 357, 359, 363, 364, 386, 393,
418Kovacevic, Milan, 403–4Krahner, Josef, 265
Krajina, 379, 382, 384, 393, 399, 405Kraljevic, Darko, 411, 412Kramer, Josef, 253Kremenets, 289Kremer, Johann Paul, 255Kretschmer, Lieutenant Karl, 265Kripo, 202Kristallnacht, 194, 198, 201, 206Kritzinger, 248Krstic, General, 358, 396Krumey, 245Krupp, Gustav, 249Kubamanda, 458Kube, Wilhelm, 250–1kulak, 323, 325Kurds, 114Kuzmanovic, B.(1995), 360
laborconcentrated, 71–2disbursed, 71nonnative, 72
Lachert, Hildegard, 255Lahousan, General, 185, 273Laitin, D.(1999a, 1999b), 23–4
Lakota Indians, 92LANC, 303land, 31, 72, 79, 84, 92, 95Landau, Sergeant-Major Felix, 265Landzo, Esad, 417Langenberg(1990), 497
language, 37, 43, 57, 58–9, 123, 328Lasik, A.(1994), 213, 214
Laska Valey. See atrocities, CroatianLaskar Jihad, 495Lasuen, Father Fermin, 87Lasva, 409Latin America, 515LatviaPlan B in, 284Plan C in, 284
Latvian Auxiliary Police battalions, 283Law on Croatian Citizenship (1991), 379Lazar, Prince, 361–2Leadership Principle, 194, 199Lechthaler, Major Franz, 266Legion of the Archangel Michael, 302. See
also Iron Guard
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press052183130X - The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic CleansingMichael MannIndexMore information
Index 571
Lemkin, Raphael, 17Lenin, 322Lepanto, battle of (1572), 53Letica, S.(1996), 360
Leutwein, Major Theodor, 102, 105liberal representative states, 5liberalism, and neo-liberalism, 119–20, 510,
512–13Libya, 309, 310Liebenhenschel, Arthur, 252Lieven, D.(1998), 329(2000), 112, 113
Lifton, R.(1986), 256
Likic, Milan, 397Liman von Sanders, General, 171limited property franchise, 61–2limpieza se sangre, 47Lincoln, Abraham, 93–4List, Field Marshal Wilhelm, 274List, Friedrich, 123Lithuanian Activist Front, 283, 284Lithuanian 2nd Battalion, 285“little house,” 442–7, 450–70Litzmann, Karl-Siegmund, 250Liu, Shaoqi, 333, 336Loewenberg, P.(1983), 222
Lolling, Enno, 255Lon Nol, General, 339Longman, T.(1999), 442
Losowick, Y.(2000), 245
lost territories, 194, 195–6Loughridge, Stella, 157Ludke, Corporal, 269Luger, 63Lukic, Milan, 402–3Lupher, M.(1996), 333
Luther, 247Ly, Heng, 346
Maas, Peter, 398Macartney, Charles, 67Macedonia, 356, 363, 368macroethnicity, 10–11, 37, 515Macura, Deputy Mayor, 387madrassas, 487
Madurese, 495–6Maeghalaya, 489Magdeburg, 48–9Magill, Sergeant, 265Maharaja, 486–7Mahareru, Samuel, 103“majority people,” 434Makhullo, Archbishop, 521Maksudov, S.(1993), 187
Malaga, 46Malaparte, C., 186, 304Malkki, L.(1995), 471
Mamdani, M.(2001), 463, 465
Manipur, 489Manstein, General von, 273Mao, 334, 335, 337Maoists, 5, 17Markovic, Mirjana, 391, 420Maronite Christian community, 118Marsovan, 150–1, 168Martic, 384, 387–8Marticevci, 385Martinovic, 421Marxian theory, and social transformation,
318–19Mathausen, 200Maududi, Maulana, 514Maurer, Gerhard, 243Maurer, Wilhelm and Johann, 265“Mauser.” See Savic, DinkoMbonimpa, M.(1999), 434
McCarthy, J.(1995), 113
McDougall, Governor, 91McElroy, 95Medjugorje, 386Melson, R.(1992), 174
Memoir (Hoss), 212Memorandum, Serb Academy of Sciences
and Arts (1986), 364–5, 366Mengele, Josef, 218, 256Mennecke, Friedrich, 256Mentz, Willi, 261Mesic, 394Mesopotamia, 37mestizo, 78, 515Mexico, 76–8
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press052183130X - The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic CleansingMichael MannIndexMore information
572 Index
Micas, 400microethnicity, 10, 37middlemen ethnicities, 516Migonis, Motiejus-Pranus, 285migrants, European, 59Mildt, D. de(1996), 214, 259
Milgram, Stanley, 26–7militants, Islamic, in India, 487“Military Line, the.” SeeMilosevic,
Slobodan, plan B for Serbia“military Keynesianism,” 206Military Medical College, 122Miliutin, General, 99, 109millet, 114, 135, 136Milosevic, Slobodan, 184, 369–76, 381, 387,
390, 396–7, 424, 425, 426core constitutiences of, 391–2Plan A for Serbia, 370, 371, 373, 390,
424Plan B for Serbia, 371, 372, 373, 390,
424Plan C for Serbia, 390, 424Plan D for Serbia, 391, 424
minorities, 64, 67“Minorities in Danger,” 428Mirkovic, D.(1993), 295, 297
Mizoram, 489Mladic, Ratko, 396, 404–5Modi, Narendra, 484Modoc Indians, 92mohadjis, 114, 172Moluccas Christian/Muslim riots,
498Mommsen, H.(1991, 1997), 190
monotheism, 42Montenegro, 363, 368Moorehead, B.D., 82Morgenthau, Ambassador, 129,
154–5Morley, Bertha, 150–1Moro Liberation Front, 527Morsnik, Colonel, 409Moser, Lieutenant-General, 250Mostar, 385MRND, 440, 441, 442, 445MSVN, 311Mucic, Zsravko, 417Mueller, J.(2000), 360, 397
Mugabe, 429Mugesera, 444Mujezinovici, Dr., 411, 412Mulkieye. See Civil Service AcademyMuller-Claudius, Michael, 194Muller, Heinrich, 203multiculturalism, 11–13Munster, 51Munyaneza, 464, 466, 467Munzberger, Gustav, 261Muratovic, 422Muscovy, 112Musema, Alfred, 459–60Musial, B.(1999), 249
Musiuveni, President, 439Muslim Chams, 342Muslim refugees. See mohadjisMuslim Skanserbeg SS regiment, 362Muslims, 42, 45, 47, 113–16, 483, 490Mussolini, Benito, 308–9, 310mustard gas, 309
Naga, 489Nagaland, 489Naimark, N.(2001), 21
Naletilic, 421Nama, 105–6narodi, 362narodny, 328Nash, G.(1992), 84, 89
Nastorian Christian villages, 136nationdefined, 11national minorities, 68national self-determination, 67nationalizing states, 68-state, 11, 45, 525-statism, 188statism, 233, 320
nationalismcivic, 180ethnic, 180German, in the late 19th century, 181leftist version of, 62organic, 180organic, potential vices of, 63–4types of, 180–1
Nationalism and Contemporary Europe(Jasenovac), 377
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press052183130X - The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic CleansingMichael MannIndexMore information
Index 573
Nazi, 17, 180–211, 212–39core constituencies of, 206, 214, 219,
223–8genocide, 9hierarchical comradeship, 191hierarchical radicalization, 191–5paramilitary comradeship, 191,
200paramilitary radicalization, 195–208and Plan A, 191, 193, 210and Plan B, 191, 194and Plan C, 208and Plan D, 210, 211radicalization, 189–1state, 7violence, career in, 234–9
Nazim, Dr., 127, 132, 144Ndagijimana, Mayor,Ndimbati, Mayor, 464Neolithic revolution, 37NEP. See New Economic PolicyNetherlands, 44Neuengamme, 200Neurath, Otto von, 248New Economic Policy (NEP), 322New Liberals (Great Britian), 62Newbury, C.(1988), 434(1998), 467
Ngor, H.(1988), 347
Nikolic, Captain, 405NKVD, 289Nogales, Major Rafael de, 136, 147, 154,
163, 170noncolonial regimes, 4non-Nazi elites, 193North African colonies, 308–10Nouri Bey, 161Nsabimana, Sylvain, 456Ntaganzwa, Ladislas, 456–7Ntahobari, Pauline, 462Ntahobari, Shalom, 462Ntakirutimana, Pastor, 464Nteziryayo, 456Numantia, 34, 36Nuremberg Laws, 193, 206Nyandwi, Mayor, 458–9
Oberschall, A.(1998), 418
Obrenovic, General, 405
Oded, B.(1979), 41
Ognjenovic, Colonel, 395Ohlendorf, Otto von, 30, 263Old Nazis, 235, 237–9Omarska, 397ONU, 288, 289Operation Barbarossa, 209, 210Opium Wars, 73Oric, Naser, 417–18Osijek, 384, 385, 388Ostojici, 386Ottoman Empire, 113–15descent to murderous cleansing, 137–9and the Entente Powers, 173ethnicity in, 177and Germany, 173–5mono-religiousness of, 114–16Plan A in, 127, 134, 177Plan B in, 130, 131, 143, 145, 178Plan C in, 141, 145Plan D in, 144–5, 149
Ottoman Turkish state, 111. See alsoOttoman Empire
Palestinecause, proletarian tone of, 5Palestinians in, 5
Pan-German Party, 63Paraga, 367, 409Paragraph 47, German Army Code, 268paramilitaries, 8–9, 164–7, 391–5, 419–20,
421–2, 460–3, 468, 479, 493, 497,521
German, postwar, 195–6pariah states, 68Parikh, S.(1998), 481
Paris, E.(1961), 297
Partisans, 421party-states, 22Pasa, Ahmet Izzet, 147Peace Treaties of 1918, 66Peasants into Frenchmen (Weber, 1976), 59peasants, under Stalinism, 329Peng, Dehuai, 335–6“people, the,” 3, 502and the American Constitution, 55–69liberal version of, 55–61organic, 55stratified, 55
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press052183130X - The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic CleansingMichael MannIndexMore information
574 Index
Pequot War, 84Perez-Diaz, V.(1993), 62
perpetrator, 213–15. See also killer; namedindividual perpetrators
backgrounds, in Ottoman Empire,172–3
core constituencies of, 8–9elite, in the Ottoman Empire, 156–72factionalized official, in the Ottoman
Empire, 158–63factionalized soldier, in the Ottoman
Empire, 163–4levels of, 8–9levels of, in Rwanda, 449ministerial elite, in the Ottoman Empire,
156–63motives, in the Ukraine, 290motives of, 27–9, 504motives of Nazi, 188–95ordinary, in the Ottoman Empire, 167ordinary, in Yugoslavia, 418–23paramilitary, 164–7samples of, 216–39statist view of, 320–21
persecution, 527–9Philippines, 526–7Phleve, 64Plains Indians, 97Plan C, 503Plavsic, Biljana, 388–9, 420plunder (and tribute taking), 71pogroms, 15, 36, 43, 64–6, 194, 284in Byelorussia, 286Polish, 280–1
Pohl, D.(1996), 243, 289
Pol Pot, 340, 343, 344, 345, 346, 349Poland, 185–6, 280–1Poles, Hitler’s justification for killing,
175Poles in, 17, 272Poles in the Kaiserreich, 181politicide against Poles, 186
politicalenforcement, types of, 72–3instability, forms of, 7power relations, 6
“political soldier,” 163politicide, 16–17, 71, 186Assyrian, 40–1
in Burundi, 438in Cambodia, 340, 341in China, 337in Ethiopia, 309, 310in Indonesia, 497in Ottoman Empire, 144, 148in Rwanda, 430, 431, 440of Serbs, 296in Tibet, 338in Yugoslavia, 357
Pomaks, 307Pomiankowski, Vice-Marshal, 133“populace, the,” 56populationexchanges, 15exchanges, in Greater Serbia, 359in the Holy Roman Empire, 48transfers, 354
Porsche, 249Portugese, 71Potocari, 395powerbiological, 74, 75economic, 30–2, 38–9, 71–2ideological, 30, 37–8, 74military, 32, 39, 74, 96networks, and ethnic cleansing, 30political, 32, 39–40, 72–4social, sources of, 6, 37–40
pre-Columbian Indians, 76Prijedor, 403, 418Proctor, R.(1988), 215
professional ideologists, 75“proletarian nation,” 62Hutu as a, 431
proletariat, 4protectorates, 73, 80Protestant Scots, 15. See also ScotsProtocols of the Elders of Zion, 66Provencals, 14Prucha, F.(1994), 93
Prunier, G.(1995), 442(1997a), 434
Prussian Germany, 181expansion in, 182
“psychology of hard times,” 219,223
“psychosis of disappearance,” 133
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press052183130X - The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic CleansingMichael MannIndexMore information
Index 575
Punjab, 485“purge,” 325–6
qital, 518Quakers, 86Qur’an, 513–14
Rabushka A., and K. Shepsle(1972), 24
race, 85racial-genetic notions of human progress,
180Rademacher, Franz, 248radical elites, 8–9Radical Republicans (France), 62radicalization, 503of “ordinary Germans,” 206–8
Rahmi Bey, 159“RAM.” SeeMilosevic, Slobodan, Plan C for
SerbiaRamet, S.P.(1992), 420
Ramsey, Governor, 91, 94rape, 80, 102, 136, 152, 166, 287, 357–8,
420–1, 422, 462, 463, 481, 528. Seealso abuse, gender
Ras-ul-Ain, 171Rasch, Otto, 268rashtra, 474Raskovic, Jovan, 380, 384, 387, 388“ratio of representation,” 223rational choice theory, 23, 24, 26rationalityinstrumental, 188value, 188
Rauca, Sergeant Helmut, 265Ravenbruch, 200Ravens, 287Raw Nazis, 235, 237–9Raznatovic, Zeljko, 404Red Berets, 390, 394“redemptive anti-Semitism,” 192Refi, Kerim, 160refugee camps/associations, 196–7refugees, 67–8, 223–8Regat, 305, 306Reichenau, General, 273Reichl-Kir, 384, 388Reichleitner, Franz, 260Reichstag, 62Reinecke, General, 273
Reitlinger, G.(1968), 263
religion, 37–8salvation religions, 42–5, 57
religious warriors, 518–21Removal Act of 1830, 93Renfrew, C.(1972), 35
Renno, Georg, Dr., 205repressionexemplary, 16, 77, 99, 509exemplary, in America, 94, 96, 98exemplary, in the Caucasus, 113exemplary, in Ethiopia, 309exemplary, in Indonesia, 494exemplary, in Ireland, 50, 51exemplary, in the Ottoman Empire, 113,
147, 148exemplary, in Yugoslavia, 357policed, 15policed, in Rwanda, 435policed, total cultural, 15selective, in the Ottoman Empire, 130, 131selective, of Jews, 185selective policed, 15selective policed, in Cambodia, 341selective policed, in China, 337selective policed, under Stalinism, 323
Republic of Herceg-Bosna, 408, 409, 410Republika Srbska, 393, 395Resid, Dr., 172Reuter, Paul, 205“Revenge Operations,” 275“revenge-people,” 347Revolutionary Fascist Party, 311revolutionary projectscallous, 320mistaken, 15, 88, 319, 320, 336
Reyntjens, F.(1996), 442
Reza, Atif, 144Rhineland Missionary Society, 100Riggs, Reverend, 168“riot circle,” 475–81riots, escalating, 481–2, 499–501Ritz, Lieutenant Hans, 266Robinson, George, 83Rohm, Ernest, 197, 201Rohde, D.(2001), 494–5
Rohrbach, Dr. Paul, 101–2, 105, 107
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press052183130X - The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic CleansingMichael MannIndexMore information
576 Index
Roman Senate, 39Romania, 112, 302–7Iron Guard in, 282Plan A in, 303
Romanov Empire, 112Romans, 16Rome, 36, 39Ron, J.(2000), 393
Roosevelt, Theodore, vii, 94Rosenberg, 198Ross, 51Roth, N.(1995), 45
Rowley, C.(1972), 81, 83
RPF, 440, 441, 443, 466, 470RSHA, 243RSK. See Serb Republic of KrajinaRSS, 480, 481, 483, 485RTLM, 469Rugova, Ibrahim, 387Ruhengeri, 436, 447, 453Rummel, R.(1994), 22
Rupert, Prince, 52Rusengeri, 443Russians, 273Rutaganda, George, 461–2Ruzindana, Obed, 460Rwanda, 6, 430, 473African Rights (1994) report on, 449army death squads in, 447Belgian colonial rule in, 433casualties in, 430and the “cult of obedience,” 468–9destabilizing pressures in, 438–42French influence in, 449Human Rights Watch (1999) report on,
449international pressures on, 439–42mass media in, 444massacre of 1959, 438Organization of African Union (2000)
report on, 449paramilitaries in, 446Plan A in, 442premeditated genocide in, 442–8refugees from, 430sources documenting genocide in, 449Structural Adjustment Programme for, 439Tutsi invasion of 1990, 439
two economies in, 459UN International Criminal Tribunal for,
450U.S. influence in, 449youth groups in, 445–6
S-21, 346–7, 348–9SA, the, 197–8Sabrin, B.(1991), 189, 290
Sachsenhausen, 200Safa, Ismael, 161Safrian, H.(1993), 215
Sakir, Dr. Bahaeddin, 144Salo, 311Salonika, 127salvation religions, 513Samiti, 481Sanborn, General, 97Sand Creek, 98Sandberger, Dr. Martin, 269Santee Sioux Indians, 91Santic, Ivan, 411Santic, Vladimir, 414Sarajevo, 385Savic, Dinko, 296–7, 421Scarrit, J.(1993),
Schacht, 193Scharf, M.(1997), 418
Schechtman, J.(1962), 354
Schellenberg, Walter, 203–4Scherpe, Herbert, 253Schlieffen, Chief of Staff von, 104, 106Schonerer, 63Schroeder, Kurt, 249Schulz, Erwin, 268Schwammberger, Josef, 254Scots, 11. See also Protestant ScotsScott, Winfield, 94SD, the, 202–4officers in 1945, 217–18
SDA, 407SDB. See Serb Security PoliceSDP, 380secularism, 510security dilemma, 24Segev, T.(1987), 215
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press052183130X - The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic CleansingMichael MannIndexMore information
Index 577
segregation, 14, 72in America, 88, 90, 96in Australia, 82in Ethiopia, 310of Germans, 185of Jews, 193of Poles,in South West Africa, 100of Soviet Slavs, 186
Self-Defense Force, 283Semanza, Laurent, 455Semites, Middle Eastern, 35Sennacherib, 40September 11, 2001, 3Serafinowicz, Szymon, 287“Serb Adolf, the.” See Jelisic, GoranSerb nationalist parties, 389Serb Radical Party, 392Serb Republic of Krajina (RSK), 387Serb Security Police (SDB), 374Serbia, 112, 363, 366, 376, 379,
390–405ethnic self-identification in, 363
Serbian Guard, 392Serbian National Council, 387Serbian Renewal Party, 388Serbian Volunteer Guard, 392Serbs, 10, 16, 18, 19–20, 274precani, 363–4, 365
Serushago, Omar, 454Seselj, 367, 380, 391, 392settler, democracy, 107, 108–10Shakir, Dr., 160shari’a, 513–14Shastri, Professor Kesharram, 484Sheridan, General, 96, 97Sherman, General William Tecumseh, 92,
96–7, 109Shiragian, 171Shiv Sena, 480, 481, 483“Shoah.” See “Final Solution”Sholokhov, Mikhail, 324Shukru, 157Shukru Bey, 161Shulgin, 66Siber, I.(1993), 367
Sibley, General, 91Sikavica, 392Sikh jathas, 485Silica, 411Simpson, Sir George, 88
Sindikubwabo, President Theodore, 456Sioux Indians, 91, 94slaves, American, 89Slavka, 415Slavonia, 357Slavs, 185and the Bolshevik Revolution, 183in the Soviet Union, 187
Sliwinski, M.(1995), 342–3
Slovakia, 293–41938 Manifesto, 294Plan A in, 294
Slovenia, 367, 374, 376ethnic self-identification in, 363
Smircina, Lieutenant, 353Smith, A.(1986), 19
Smith, L.(1997), 34, 36, 40, 71
Snyder, J.(2000), 22
Sobibor, 259Social Darwinism, 79, 81, 98, 180, 181Social Democrats (Germany), 63socialism, 510, 511–12Socialist Party (SPS), 370, 371, 372–3, 389,
391Socialists of the Chair (Germany), 62“societal paranoia,” 133societies, stages of historical development in,
121Sofsky, W.(1997), 216
Sonderweg, 176Sorbians, 185Sorge, Gustav, 196–7South Africa, 6, 14South West Africa, 100Plan A in, 106Plan B in, 106Plan C in, 106
sovereign claims, 382–3Soviet Union, 186–8Plan A in, 322, 324Plan B in, 323Plan C in, 323Plan D in, 324Plan E in, 324
Spain. See Iberian peninsuladuring the Inquisition, 46, 47and Plan A, 77
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press052183130X - The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic CleansingMichael MannIndexMore information
578 Index
Spain (cont.)and Plan B, 78unification of, 45–6
“Special Organization.” See Teskilat-IMahsusa
Spenser, Edmund, 50SPS. See Socialist PartySrebrenica, 356, 358, 395, 405,
417SRS, 391SS, The, 198–200Galician Division, 290
Stahlecker, 269, 283, 284Stalinism, 321–30phases of, 322
Stalinists, 17Stange, General, 165Stangl, Franz, 260–1, 262Stark, Johannes, 254state elites, 21statists, 6Statute of Kilkenny (1366), 49Staub, E.(1992), 219
Stauffenberg family, 250Stedman, S.(2002), 527
Steinberg, J.(1990), 311
“Stela.” SeeMartinovicStrauch, Colonel, 251Straus, S.(2004), 449, 453, 463–4, 465, 466,
467, 469structural adjustment programs, 512Student, General, 275Stuermer, H.(1917), 123, 172, 174
Suad, Ali, 160Suchomel, Franz, 262Sudan, 429Sudetenland, 227–8Sudetic, 398–9“Sugerfoot Jack,” 98Sukru, Midhat, 144Sultania, 146Sumatra, 491Sunstein, C.(2000), 25
superiority, ideologies of, 74–5suppressioncultural, 14, 17
cultural, in America, 87cultural, in Romania, 303
Susak, 386, 408Switzerland, 60syncretic religion, 37Szalasi, 302Szeged Idea, 300
T4, 185, 204–5, 214, 241, 256–60Tadic, Dusko, 401Tahsin Pasha, 147taifa, 114Talaat Pasha, 123, 129, 132, 141, 144, 148,
149–50, 154–5Tambiah, S.(1996), 22, 466, 476, 477, 479, 481(1998), 441
Tamil Tigers, 481Tanic, 396Tanzania, 428Tartars, 329Tasmania, 82–3Taylor, Zachary, 94Tekinalp, 131Tenochtitlan, 77Tepeaca, 77terra nullius, 84Teskilat-I Mahsusa, 144, 164–7Teslic, 400theo-democracy, 513, 514Theodoric, King, 35Theresianstadt, 293Thion, S.(1983), 349(1993), 341
Third Spanish Republic (1930s), 60Thirty Years War (1618–48), 48, 49Thompson, T.(1992), 380, 399
“Three Mountains, the,” 348Thunder Cross, 282Tibet, 338–9“cultural genocide” in, 338Plan A in, 339Plan C in, 339
Tiso, 63Tito, Marshall, 366toleration, 13Tomasic, Professor, 354Topalovic, Musan, 418Torkildsen, 391Torquemada, 46
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press052183130X - The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic CleansingMichael MannIndexMore information
Index 579
Tothill, Colonel, 52trade, 71Trail of Tears, 93Trapp, Major, 267, 270Trawnicki training camp, 291Treaty of San Stefano (1878), 117Treblinka, 259triangle of tension, 81tribute taking. See plunderTrieste, in Italy, 310Trifan, Valerian, 303–4Trigger, B.(1994), 74
Tripura, 489Trotha, General von, 104, 106, 107, 109Trumpener, U.(1968), 158
Tudjman, 367, 377–8, 379, 380, 388, 390,407, 425, 426
“Tula.” See NaletilicTuol-Sleng. See S-21Turan, 132Turikinkiko, 464, 466Turkish nationalism, 119–24Turkish refugees, 116Turks, 6, 114–15, 307Turner, Colonel, 275Tutsis, 8, 10, 17, 430, 431, 432–48
Udovicki, J.(1997), 359
Uganda, 439Ukraine, 288–93, 327Plan A in, 288Plan B in, 288Plan C in, 289
Ukrainian Auxiliary Police Battalions, 290UN War Crimes Tribunals, 527–8United States, 13, 83–98. See also
AmericaUNO, 305Untermenschen, 187, 272Ustasha, 16, 294–8, 362, 363, 377, 379, 380,
386, 394, 404, 421utilitarian genocide, 71Uwizeye, Prefect, 457, 459
vacuum domicilium, 84Vajpayee, Prime Minister Atal Behari, 484Valencia, 47Valenta, Anto, 408, 411value-rational action, 26, 88
Van, 147Vance-Owen Plan (1992), 391, 406, 410,
423Vaps, 282Varshney, A.(2002), 475, 478
Vasiljevic, General, 394Veesenmayer, Edmund, 245Vekic, Ivan, 421Verbannung, 191Vernictung, 191Versailles, 67Vickery, M.(1983), 349(1984), 347
Virginia, 84Visnjica, 406Visogoths, 35Vitez, 385, 406, 408, 410Vitezi, 409Vivitsky, B.(1990), 291
“Voja Chetnik,” 398Vojvodina, 354, 363Vucevik, 385, 388Vukcevic, 388Vukovar, 356Vulliamy, E.(1994), 359, 408, 410(1996), 403–4
Waffen-SS, 271, 279Wagner, Gustav, 261Wagner, M.(1998), 431, 460, 468
Waldheim, Kurt, 275Wales, 57–9Wallace, A.(1999), 98
Walter, Bernhard, 254War Academy, 122“war communism,” 321war criminalsand disrupted employment, 222economic data on, 232–4and life traumas, 222–3and prewar criminal marginality, 223renegade Catholics as, 228–32samples of, 218–39from threatened border regions, 223–8,
232wartime Nazis, 237–9
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press052183130X - The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic CleansingMichael MannIndexMore information
580 Index
wartime patriotism, 194Washington, George, 92Watkins, S.(1991), 59
Weber, Eugene, 59Weber, Max, 25–6, 72, 188, 425“weekend Chetniks,” 421Wegner, B.(1990), 200
Wehrmacht, 272–6Wehrverbande, 195Weingast, B.(1998), 24
Weinman, Ernst, 235, 264Weinman, Erwin, 264Welsh people, 14Werner, Hans-Ulrich, 266Werth, N.(1999), 330
Western Slavonia, 405Wexford, 51White Eagles, 392, 403Whitlam, Gough, 82Wilson, Woodrow, 67Wimmer, A.(2002), 3
Windhoek, 102Winkelman, Lieutenant-General Otto,
245Winthrop, John, 85Wirth, Christian, 260, 269Wirths, Eduard, 256Wisliceny, Dieter, 244, 245World War I, 134, 135–6, 138World War I, changes to Germany as a
result of, 182–3WVHA, 243
Xinyiang, 338
Yalcin. See Cahit, HuseyinYalman, A.E.(1972), 159
Yathay, P.(1987), 341, 345
Yevdokimov, Count, 100Yiftachel, O.(1999), 22, 519
Young Nazis, 235, 237–9“Young Turks,” 111–20, 124–31, 139Young Turks Congress (1902), 120Yozgat Special Forces, 166Yugoslavia, 6, 353, 356, 423casualties in, 356economic conflict in, 364elections of 1990, 367–9, 384organic nationalism in, 376–81Yugoslav army (JNA), 376, 377, 389, 390,
393–4, 395
Zagreb, 379ZANU, 429ZAPU, 429Zeco, Dr., 411, 412Zeitun, 146Zeki, Salh, 160Zelko, 420zemstvo, 62Zenica, 409“Zero Network,” 447Zimbabwe, language in, 429Zionism, 65Zucotti, S.(1987), 311
Zyklon B gas, 187, 241
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press052183130X - The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic CleansingMichael MannIndexMore information
top related