How do Things talk? IoT Application Protocols 101
Post on 28-Jan-2015
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Christian Götz | dc-square GmbH
How do Things talk?IoT Application Protocols 101
Talking leads to Knowledge
GPSGPS
GPSGPS
GPS
GPSGPS
Detected: Traffic Jam!
...but waitwho’s talking here
author & speaker
things speech therapist ;)
CEO & co-founder developer
@goetzchr
THINGS talk?
THINGS?
Consumer Goods
Industry Machines
objects in our everyday life
logistics has a lot of things...
M2MIoT
IoEWoT
Web of Things
Internet of Things
Internet of Everything
Machine to Machinecommunication
UbicompUbiquitous computing
CPSCyper Physical Systems Pervasive
Computing
Technology that connects Devices
over wired or wireless communication
why should I care ?
Source: http://www.cisco.com/web/about/ac79/docs/innov/IoT_IBSG_0411FINAL.pdf
0
12,5
25
37,5
50
2003 2010 2015 2020
3,4
1,8
0,08
World Population Connected Devices
Ratio6,5
new devices per second
http://blogs.cisco.com/news/cisco-connections-counter/
2013 2014 2020
250
10080
finally a use case for IPv6 ;)
Open Hardware
simple
accessible
affordable
Raspberry Pi is a trademark of the Raspberry Pi Foundation
Developers are the new King Makers
… if you don’t believe me, read this book ;) http://thenewkingmakers.com/
So how do these things talk?
HTTP/RESTused since 1991
widely known and adapted
request/response
point 2 point
HTTP 2.0 - still work in progress
ChallengesConstrained devices
Bi-directional communication
Scaling to 100.000s of devices
Unreliable networks
Push messaging
Security
HTTPIoT
CoAPConstrained Application Protocol
CoAP HTTP
Introducing . . .
CoAP Message
0 1 2 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+|Ver| T | TKL | Code | Message ID |+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+| Token (if any, TKL bytes) ...+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+| Options (if any) ...+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+|1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1| Payload (if any) ...+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
protocol stack
CoAP
UDP
6LoWPan
HTTP
TCP
IP
vs
Message Flow
Client ServerRequest
Response
Non-Confirmable Message
1/2
Message Flow
Client Server
Request
Response
Ack
Ack
Confirmable Message2/2
URL REST style
coap://host:port/path?param=value
coap://localhost:5683/temp
coap://server/temp/critical?above=42
ObserveServer
Client
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-core-observe-13
Get O
pt O
bser
ve Response
Response
Response
Response
10 ℃ 8 ℃ 7 ℃ 5 ℃ 4 ℃
10 ℃ 8 ℃ 7 ℃ 4 ℃
lost
Response
5 ℃
Discovery of Resources
/.well-known/core
Multicast
Content-Negotiation
Proxy CoAP-HTTP and HTTP-CoAP
DTLS
Other features
Tools
Californium and Copper Logo from http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc/
Californium & Copper
+More Implementations
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constrained_Application_Protocol#Implementations
XMPP at a glance• developed for chat
• based on XML
• extensible
• decentral / inter-server
• TLS and SASL
Typical XMPP Flow<iq type =’get’
from =’client@jax.de’
to =‘tempsensor@jax.de’
id =’S0001’>
<req xmlns =’urn:xmpp:iot:sensordata’ seqnr =’1’ momentary =’true’ >
</iq>
1/3
<iq type =’result’
from =’client@jax.de’
to =‘tempsensor@jax.de’
id =’S0001’>
<accepted xmlns =’urn:xmpp:iot:sensordata’ seqnr =’1’/ >
</iq>
2/3
<message from =’...’ to =’...’><fields xmlns=’urn:xmpp:iot:sensordata’ seqnr =’1’ done =’true’>
<node nodeId =’Device01’>
<timestamp value=‘2013-03-07T16:24:30’>
<numeric name =’Temperature’ momentary =‘true’ automaticReadout =’true’
value =’23.4’ unit =’°C’ >
</timestamp>
</node>
</fields>
</message>3/3
From chat to IoT - status quo
Who’s a friend ?
Source: Wikipedia
implementations
XMPP IoT Extensions323 Sensor Data experimental 04/2014324 Provisioning experimental 03/2014325 Control experimental 04/2014326 Concentrators experimental 03/2014347 Discovery experimental 04/2014??? Interoperability not approved??? Pub/Sub IoT not existent
Source: http://xmpp.org/xmpp-protocols/xmpp-extensions/
More XEPs
EXI (Efficient XML Interchange)
Service Discovery<query xmlns =’http://jabber.org/protocol/disco#info’/ >
it’s still XML
ToolsClients
http://xmpp.org/xmpp-software/libraries/
Server
http://xmpp.org/xmpp-software/servers/
Temperaturfühler MQTT-Broker
Laptop
Mobiles Endgerät
publish: “21°C“publish: “21°C“
publish: “21°C“
subscribe
subscribe
Topics
rheingoldhalle Goldsaal A
Goldsaal B
people
temp
people
temp
/ /
1/5
rheingoldhalle Goldsaal A
Goldsaal B
people
temp
people
temp
/ /
rheingoldhalle/Goldsaal-A/temperature
2/5
rheingoldhalle Goldsaal A
Goldsaal B
people
temp
people
temp
/ /
rheingoldhalle/+/temp
3/5
rheingoldhalle Goldsaal A
Goldsaal B
people
temp
people
temp
/ /
rheingoldhalle/Goldsaal B/#
4/5
rheingoldhalle Goldsaal A
Goldsaal B
people
temp
people
temp
/ /
#
5/5
Characteristics• Topics
• lightweight
• QoS Levels
• Retained / LWT
• MQTT over Websockets
• Bridging
• SSL
Broker• central communication point
• different implementations
• additional features
+ othershttp://mqtt.org/wiki/doku.php/brokers
MQTT-SensorNetworks
MQTT for WSN
utilizes UDP
Gateway to MQTT
Topic Preregistration
Sleeping Clients
-SN
protocol stack
MQTT-SN
UDP
6LoWPan
MQTT
TCP
IP
ToolsPublic Broker
http://mqttdashboard.com
Java-Broker with Plugin SDK
Client Lib
CONNECTaccept-version:1.0,1.1,2.0host:example.com/stomplogin:guestpasscode:guest
^@
Simple/Streaming Text Oriented Messaging Protocol
SENDdestination:/queue/test
This is a simple STOMP Message!
^@
Simple/Streaming Text Oriented Messaging Protocol
Facts• simple
• text-based
• publish/subscribe
• Websockets support
• Transaction support
Tools
reference broker impl
Stampyserver/client impl
+ othershttp://stomp.github.io/implementations.html
CoAP
HTTP
protocol war
You Mean the One and Unique Solutions
For All Problems
DOES NOT EXIST?
coexistence
How to choose a protocol• How constrained are the devices?
• Reliable/unreliable network?
• What is the message rate?
• How is the data processed further?
• Push or Pull ?
@goetzchr
Thanks
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