Emerging Communication Protocols and Technologies for the Internet of Things Domain Jiri Hosek, Ph.D. Youth School-Seminar, DCCN 2016 RUDN University, Moscow, November 24, 2016 *These slides are intended for educational purposes and include material published by WISLAB group as well as available openly on the Internet.
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Emerging Communication Protocols and Technologies for the Internet of Things Domain
Jiri Hosek, Ph.D.
Youth School-Seminar, DCCN 2016
RUDN University, Moscow, November 24, 2016
*These slides are intended for educational purposes and include materialpublished by WISLAB group as well as available openly on the Internet.
Lecture’s content
• Technical terminology
• Concept of Internet of Things (IoT)
• IoT classification
• IoT Communication Architecture
• Emerging IoT Protocols and Technologies
• Selected IoT applications and services
• Vision of the future
Communication between Machines –Technical Terminology
• Internet of Things (IoT)
• Internet of Everything (IoE)
• consumer IoT (cIoT)
• industrial IoT (iIoT)
• Direct communication between machines without any human interaction
• Machine-to-Machine (M2M)
• Human-to-Human (H2H)
• Machine-type Communications (MTC)
• Infrastructure-less direct communication between devices
• Device-to-Device (D2D)
IoT Concept
• New highly emerging Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) domain
• Penetrating into all segments of our life
• The world is developing towards “Networked Society”, where all types of devices are communicating with each other and sharing information
* Vodafone M2M Barometer report, 2015
IoT Concept (2)
“Big Data”
• “Collect -> Store -> Analyse -> Share” architecture
Consumer IoT
• Consumer-oriented applications
• Consumer devices, such as smart appliances (e.g. refrigerator, washer, dryer), personal gadgets (e.g. fitness sensors, smart glasses, etc.)
• Data volumes and rates are relatively low
• Applications are not (usually) mission or safety critical
Industrial IoT
• Devices are machines operating in e.g. industrial, transportation, energy or medical environment
• Data volumes, rates and number od devices tend to be relatively high
• Applications are mission and / or safety critical
• System-centric applications
• New industrial revolution
• Industry 4.0
Specific Transmission Requirements of IoTApplications
• Each IoT application generates a specific data pattern and has specific communication requirements
• Selection of suitable communication technology / protocol is crucial
• M2M traffic is mainly homogenous
• All devices operating the same application behave similarly
• M2M traffic is highly predictable
• Many devices reacts on global events in synchronized manner
Examples of different M2M applications
IoT Communication Architecture
• Nowadays, there is a “zoo” of IoT-ready protocols and (wireless) technologies
• Standardized cellular systems (LTE-Cat. 0/1, 3GPP Narrow-Band IoT).
• Interoperability across different technologies and systems is the key issue!
IoT Communication Architecture (2)
MQTT Protocol
• Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT)
• Centralized, text-oriented and easily implementable application protocol for IoT
• Bi-directional communication mechanism
• Publish / Subscribe
• Utilizing TCP / IP architecture and / or standard SMS
• High energy efficiency due to small size oftransffered messages.
• Suitable for transmission of telemetric data
CoAP Protocol
• Constraint Application Protocol
• Lightweight software- implementable application protocol suitable for very simple (power-constrained / embedded) devices
• E.g. remote control of electric appliances like heating or lighting systems
• Utilizes TCP / IP architecture
• Non-secure transmission by default
• Security mechanisms provide by upper layers (e.g. TLS)
• Can be easily converted to the HTTP protocol
• Easy integration into the web applications
• High energy efficiency
Wireless M-BUS Technology
• Wireless alternative of two-wire bus technology (M-BUS)
• Data transmission and control in the area of measurements and regulation of heating systems, gas / water pipes, electricity grid, etc.
• Unlicensed band 169 / 433 / 868 MHz
• Application in smart metering systems(Smart Grid)• Including standardized format of
communication between all devices in utilities sector (DLMS / COSEM)
• Modelling of transmission reliability for specific environment
SIGFOX Technology• Very quickly penetrating wireless technology
• Ultra narrow unlicensed band: Europe (868 MHz), US (902 MHz)
• Cellular architecture
• The main goal is long range and high energy efficiency
• Low-Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN)
• Suitable only for less frequent transmissions of small data size (max. 140 messages per day, size 12 B)
• Robustness assured by repetitive transmission over different frequency channels
• Mostly monitoring of simple devices (uplink direction)
LoRaWAN Technology• Energy efficient wireless technology (LPWAN)
created and supported by LoRa Alliance
• Utilization of patented modulation Long Range(LoRa)
• Unlicensed band
• Europe (868 MHz), US (913 MHz)
• Very good sensitivity and signal penetration into the buildings (up to -134 dBm) and resistance against interference (signal is transmitted 20 dB below the noise level)
• High transmission redundancy (up to 12 redundant bits for 1 application bit)
• Communication range up to 40 km (LOS) and around 2 km in urban area
IEEE 802.11ah Technology• Physical layer based on IEEE
802.11ac
• MIMO, single user beamforming, etc.
• Low Data Rate (~100kpbs), extended range (up to 1km), low energy consumption
• Unlicensed sub-GHz band
• Europe: 863-868 MHz, US: 902-928 MHz
• One hop network topology for massive deployments
• Up to 8191 nodes per one AP
• Video surveillance, smart metering, wearable consumer electronics
Massive M2M Transmissions• Network has to manage a reliable transmission of data from very high number of devices
(more than 100k)
• Only standardized cellular technologies are capable to fulfil such strict requirements
• Standardization activities led by 3GPP in order to extend the LTE technology by the support of massive M2M transmissions
• LTE-M / LTE Cat. 0 / 1
3GPP Narrow-Band IoT (NB-IoT) Technology
• Standardized LPWAN solution enabling efficient and reliable communication of massive number of M2M devices
• 3GPP LTE Rel. 13
• As a part of existing 4G (LTE) mobile networks
• Easy deployment
• Transmission speed up to170 kb/s
• Commercial deployment expected in 2017
Consumer IoT – Smart Home
• Constantly growing number of communication-capable devices deployed in our homes
• Across most of the domains of our living
• High diversity of (often proprietary) technologies and solutions
Smart Multi-Purpose Home Gateway (SyMPHOnY)
• Gateway-centric smart home system orchestrating a variety of sensors and actuators via different communication technologies
• Cellular connection as main communication channel outside the home
Industrial IoT
• Industry 4.0
• Digitalization and automatization of all production processes
Wearables• Emerging IoT segment enabling applications in
cIoT and iIoT as well
• Electronic appliances (gadgets) worn directly on human body or in its vicinity
• Specific transmission requirements
• Up to Gb/s transmission speed, ultra-low delay, high energy efficiency, good user experience
• Variety of short range technologies
• mmWave technologies
Tactile Internet
• Extremely low latency (< 1ms) evoking the feeling of immediate reaction – „real touch“
• Haptic control
• Automotive robots, highly precise surgery, etc.
• 5G’s goal?!
Vision of the Future – Smart City
Small data,Smart factory,Overload control,Smart grid,Massive M2M,Smart agriculture
Wearables,D2D for M2M,
Vehicular,Smart home,
Rural deployment,Coverage extension,
Commuter train
Smart car parking,H2H + M2M,Automation,
Vision of the Future in Numbers
Summary
• IoT is enabling new possibilities and services for end users and industry as well
• Carefully selection of suitable communication technology according to the specific requirements of IoT application is necessary
• Standardized mobile communication systems are expected to become a dominant long-range IoTtechnology (cellular IoT)
• Integrated 5G-IoT ecosystem
• Complete deployment of IoT vision will bring novel communication technologies and will offer revolutionary applications and services across whole society
• Until then, many open issues need to be solved
• Security and privacy issues
• Energy efficiency is still not sufficient
• Wireless energy harvesting
• Unified data format
• Revolutionary technologies satisfying critical requirements of novel applications
• Wireless transmissions in ultra-high frequency bands (~60 GHz)