11/10/2015 1 The next wave: Emergence of IoT into Instrumentation & Measurement Arena Product-Process Matrix : Process Automation Complex and highly customized process, unique sequence of tasks Disconnected line flows, moderately complex work Connected line, highly repetitive work Continuous flows Continuous process Job process Line process Large batch process Small batch process
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11/10/2015
1
The next wave:
Emergence of IoT into
Instrumentation &
Measurement Arena
Product-Process Matrix : Process Automation
Complex and highly customized process, unique sequence of tasks
Disconnected line flows, moderately complex work
Connected line, highly repetitive work
Continuous flows
Continuousprocess
Jobprocess
Lineprocess
Large batchprocess
Small batchprocess
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A brief review: A brief review: A brief review: A brief review:
Instrumentation &Instrumentation &Instrumentation &Instrumentation & Control AutomationControl AutomationControl AutomationControl Automation
• 18,000 vacuum tubes.
• Occupied 30 ft x 50 ft room
• Programming by plugging wires into a patch panel.
• programming requires intimate knowledge of the
computer.
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Evolution of Control & Instrumenetation
Industrial Controller (IBM 1710)
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Direct Digital Controllers
Late 1960s- Early 1970s
• Taylor Instrument 1010
• Honeywell Series 16
• Foxboro FOX1
• Bailey Controls 1055
DDCs resulted in Process Industry coming around to accepting the advantages on use
of computers for Control in Process Industry.
Centralised Control, poor redundancy, plant shut-down or restarts unavoidable when
troubleshooting or rewriting control algorithms.
1975
• Honeywell TDC 2000
• Yokogawa CENTUM
• Bristol UCS 3000
1980
• Bailey NETWORK 90
• Fischer & Porter DCI-4000
Distributed Control Systems
DCS resulted in paradigm shift in
implementation of automation in
Process Industry.
Centralised Control replaced with zone
wise distributed controllers and
monitoring consoles.
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Yokogawa CENTUM DCS ArchitectureYokogawa CENTUM DCS ArchitectureYokogawa CENTUM DCS ArchitectureYokogawa CENTUM DCS Architecture
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Data Acquisition Systems
MEMS and Distributed Sensors
Microelectromechanical Systems
(MEMS) integrate electrical and
mechanical components with
feature sizes of order of
micrometer-scale, typically
fabricated using integrated
circuit batch-processing
technologies
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Pneumatic Pneumatic Pneumatic Pneumatic transmitterstransmitterstransmitterstransmitters Electronics transmittersElectronics transmittersElectronics transmittersElectronics transmitters
• Compressed air
• Pneumatic Tubings convey 3-15 psi
• Stuck-up failures
• Poor response
• Low accuracies
• 4-20mA
• Cables for 2-wire
signal + power
• No moving parts
• Good response
• Good accuracies
• 4-20mA+digital
• Protocols: HART, DE,
BRAIN, FF, Profibus, etc..
• No moving parts
• Far better response
• Superior accuracies
• Microprocessor enables
built-in diagnostics
Smart transmittersSmart transmittersSmart transmittersSmart transmitters
Network more than one device on same two-wires.
Each transmitter with a unique Address, can be individually read, configured, reranged or calibrated.
Digital Networking / Multidrop
Schematic of HART MuxSchematic of HART MuxSchematic of HART MuxSchematic of HART Mux
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• permits selection of various options
• configuration of Range, response, output
type, EU, Display info
• Perform calibration,
• Run Diagnostics
Communicators (Handheld terminals)
• Instrument specific Files: DDL or EDDL
• Asset management functions
• Cloning of instrument settings,
documentation of configurations, tags, etc.
Communication Technologies
Cellular communication
spectrum
4G LTE, 5G..
Changeover from IPv4 to IPv6
Revised communication
protocols for IoT (even within
IPv6)
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• Based on
• HART Protocol (IEC 61158), EDDL (IEC 61804-3),
• IEEE 802.15.4 radio and frequency hopping, spread spectrum and
mesh networking technologies
• Components required are
• Gateway
• Network and Security Manager
• WirelessHART Transmitters
• WirelessHART Configurator
• WirelessHART Adapters
WirelessHART (IEC 62591Ed.1.0): HART 7.1
ISA 100a
conformances
PLC / SCADA
Schematic showing a simple GSM based SCADA
architecture implemented with distributed PLCs.
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Information shown
as per study in
2013-14.
• Billions of embedded devices, communicating with each other,through Internet technology without direct involvement ofhumans.
• Cooperative, distributed networks and control structures in placeof centralized or hierarchical control.
• Passive sensors give way to Active Sensor Nodes
• Enhanced devices capable of computing and decision making.
• Number of Smart Devices much greater than number oftraditional Internet end-points (computers, tables and smartphones)
Internet of Things (IoT)
Sample!!
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Internet of ThingsInternet of ThingsInternet of ThingsInternet of Things
Image courtesy: Wilgengebroed
• TV, stereo, remote control• phone / mobile phone• microwave, oven / rice or bread cooker• Refrigerator, washing machine• electric tooth brush, watch• alarm clock, musical instruments• electronic toys • medical devices( BP, oxymeter, thermometer,
pace-maker, patient monitoring systems, injection systems, intensive care equipment,..)
• printer, copier, fax, …• multimeter, oscilloscope, analyzer, …• GPS, metrology equipment, …
• PoS, ATMs, statement printers, …• Transportation: Traffic management• Vehicles, planes, ships, boats
• Buildings: elevator, HVAC, lighting, key card, security and visitor
entries, locks, alarm, water, garden and park management
systems, …
• Agriculture: irrigation, cattle & poultry, …
• Space: satellite systems, tracking and GPS, …
• Manufacturing, Inventory, Supply chain tracking: RFID, bar-code
Picture Courtesy: IDC Presentation at OMG Tech Meeting, 2013.
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Nature of Information would be
reformed:
• Current State Of Information –
resides in proprietary
databases, analyzed using
management reports.
• Future – the physical world will
generate a huge amount of
real time data that will flow to
computers in the cloud for
analysis
Data, Information in IoT system
Picture Courtesy: IDC Presentation at OMG Tech Meeting, 2013.
• Sensors/Controller
16 to 32 bit controllers, LAN/PAN
connectivity, low power, battery
life > 10 years, energy harvesting
technologies,..
• Intelligent Systems / smart
devices
• Connectivity technologies, Costs
• Software
Applications, middleware,
platforms on Cloud
• Security management
Technologies for IoT
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AUTOMOTIVE
• Infotainment
• Diagnostics
• Connectivity With Transportation Systems
• Usage Based Insurance
SMART METERING
• Electric Smart Meters
• EV Charging and Payment Processing
INDUSTRY
• Manufacturing
• Engine Efficiency
• Reduction of Human Intervention
• Waste Reduction
• Automotive
• Healthcare
• Energy/Smart Grid
• Smart Home
• Industrial (Manufacturing &
Process Industry)
• Asset and Fleet Management
• Utilities/Smart Grid
• Security And Surveillance
IoT Applications projected for the near future
IoT: How do they work?
Picture Courtesy: IDC Presentation at OMG Tech Meeting, 2013.
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Industrial IoT (IIoT)
Automation and Control in the next decade will emphasise on collaboration among Instrumentation & Control engineers, Engineering management, Communication and Information technology (IT) solutions.
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