History part2

+

postmodern

ARCHITECTURAL

HISTORY AND

THEORY

+Journey to [post] modern

Crown Hall, Illinois Institute of Technology’s departments of architecture, planning, and design,USA.

Gropius House, USA

Late Modern

Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill (SOM), Bunshaft designer. Bieneke Library. Yale University (1964)

Late Modern

C.F. Murphy. Richard Daley Civic Center. Chicago, Illinois (1964)

+Late Modern

FRANK LOYD WRIGHT

LE CORBUSIER

ALDO ROSSI : MENGKRITIK KERAS „FORM FOLLOW FUNCTION

LOUIS I. KAHN : mulai dariruang „EXPERIENCE‟ architecture

+The end of modern architecture------------------------------------------------------------ 1972 [C. Jenks]

+ Minoru Yamasaki: the Pruitt-Igoe Housing, St. Louis

---winner of CIAM Award, destroyed in 1972

+

Relationship of

Man and Nature

Ideology and Art

BEFORE

MODERN

MODERN(Modernism)

AFTER

MODERN(Post Modernism)

Man

Rational

Ecole de Beaux Arts

Re-nais-sance

Bau-haus

CIAM The End

of Mo-

dernism

+

[post] modernStart to questioning many things

Renewing architecture from the

inside

Questioning many things :

Inti isi pemikiran

After-modern

Purism? Standards? Economy?Form follow function? A House as Machine?Less is more?

Modernism = Meaningless?

Pluralism – CommunicationEndless possibility (1950s – now)

Penggunaan Istilah

untuk menunjukkan “reaksi” yg timbul

pada era modern

pertama kali oleh : Federico De Onis [1930]

yang mencoba menjelaskan suatu

“siklus” sejarah baru.

Kedua oleh Toynbee [1947]

ketika memberikan istilah post pada

humanist, pada female dll

Ketiga oleh Leslie Fiedler

yang memproklamirkannya pada

eksperimental seni dan ultra modern

arsitektur.

Keempat oleh Ihab Hasan

yang menyebut postmodern sebagai

sebuah bahasa yang baru.

Kelima oleh Charles Jencks tahun [1977]

sebagai logika cultural yangmembawa

transformasi dalam kebudayaan pada

umumnya.

Keenam oleh Frederic Jameson

Yang mengistilahkan bahwa postmodern

adalah Implosion atau peledakan

kedalam

Ketujuh oleh Jean Baudrillard

dimana kondisi postmodern tidak ada

lagi narasi besar.

Kedelapan oleh Lyotard

postmodern

+

Eero Saarinen, TWA airport as metaphor (abstraction) of flying bird in JFK, New York

Biomorphic Architecture

Hector Guimard Rudolf Steiner

Antonio Gaudi,Casa Mila

Sagrada Familia, Barcelona, Spain, Antonio Gaudi

Frank Lloyd Wright, Johnson Wax Building

le corbusier

Ronchamp Chapel, Le Corbusier

ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE

Ronchamp : Le Corbusier

+NEW STATEMENT

+

Robert VenturiA controversial critic of the purely functional and spare designs of modern orthodox architecture, Venturi has been considered a counterrevolutionary

Less is

Bore

Robert Venturi (1966)

American Architect

Security Marine Bank. Wisconsin (1971)

Henry J. Goodwin. Big

Donut Drive-in. Los

Angeles (1954)

Bootmobile. Los Angeles. (1976)

Hot Dog Stand. Los Angeles. (1938)

Charles Jencks [1977]

Mengganti univalensi

bentuk [modern] dengan

pluralisasi bentuk [double

coding]

Modernisme mati ketika

Pruit Igoe dihancurkan

tahun 1972.

Esensi Arsitektur

bertumpu pada language

+Charles Jenks

•The death of modern architecture [1972]

•The new language of architecture [1981]

•Architecture of the Jumping universe [1995]

•What is postmodernism? [1996]

•The new paradigm in architecture [2004]

+ According to Jenksit's a big black box, huge, scale-less and

repetitive, endlessly repetitive. These black

boxes were built all over the world in every

downtown from the 60s to the 80s, and still

there's some of them are still being built.

“ I mean it is dumb and boring

frankly, although it has great

details and it has a sleek elegance

and it became the businessman's

vernacular. “

Mies van der Rohe's Chicago Civic Centre.

Charles Jenks. Garacia Rotunda. Wellfleet (1977)

The absent column marching

through ceiling, roof, and floor

divides the marital bed.

Density of (space) Experience

Pompidou Center : Renzo Piano, 1976

+

Louis Kahn [1959]

Mengkritisi CIAM yang menekankan pada efisiensi rancangan

Arsitektur selayaknya mulai dari ruang

[“silence and light”] yang merupakan gabungan dari aspek kuantitatif

bangunan dan aspek kualitatif dari ruang

+ postmodernBack to History

“Return of "wit, ornament and reference“-

breaking away from convention”

Michael Graves [1975]

Colourfull iconic

Sidney Opera House.

Sydney, Australia

(1957-74)

Frank Gehry, Dancing Building

Zaha Hadid. Bergisel Ski Jump. Innsbruck, Austria (2002)

Within its landscape

Zaha Hadid. Bergisel Ski Jump.

Innsbruck, Austria (2002)

Zaha Hadid. Bergisel Ski Jump.

Innsbruck, Austria (2002)

Bergisel Ski Jump’s café, also called “Cobra”

Zaha Hadid. Bergisel Ski Jump.

Innsbruck, Austria (2002)

Section & elevation

Every great architect is -- necessarily -- a great poet. He must be a great original interpreter of his time, his day, his age. (Frank Lloyd Wright)

Relationship of

Man and Nature

Ideology and Art

BEFORE

MODERNMODERN

AFTER

MODERN

Man

Rational

Ecole de Beaux Arts

Renaissance Bauhaus

CIAM

Relationship of

Man and Nature

Ideology and Art

Man

Rational

Pluralism

Metaphor

Communication

De-Construction

etc. etc. etc. etc.

The End

of mo-

dernism

192019261931193319411942194519461948

1955 1959

196019621965196619691972197619771980s

De Techniche Hoogeschool te Bandung berdiri.

Garden City of Indonesia: Kebayoran Baru(Moh. Soesilo, murid Thomas Karsten)

Institut Teknologi Bandung diresmikan (kembali).Monas mulai dibangun.Universitas Katolik Parahyangan (TEKNIK).

Sekolah Tinggi Teknik (STT) Bandoeng (UGM).

Ir. Soekarno menjadi insinyur - arsitek.

Bauhaus opens.

Bauhaus closed.

Robert Ventury : Complexity and Contradiction.

Indonesia MERDEKA

Le Corbusier Villa Savoy sets style for Modernism.

World War 2 begins.

Atomic bombs ends WW 2.

Gelora Senayan dan Hotel Indonesia dibangun.

Pompidou Center shows High Tech stylePruit Igoe was destroyed

Neil Armstrong walks on the Moon

Charles Jencks: “Postmodern” Architecture

World history Indonesia

Orde Baru.Gedung MPR / DPR.

TMII dibangun.

Jepang menjajah Indonesia

Louis I. Kahn: Silence and Light.

Wastu Citra : Y.B. MangunwijayaDeconstruction gets media attention Modernism ? Modern Style? Minimalism?

Ronchamp Chapel: Le Corbusier

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