Transcript
Global and European Migration TrendsMigration Health UnitMigration Health Unit
International Organization for MigrationEmail: MRFBrusselsMigrationHealthUnit@iom.int
Objectives
1. What are the migration trends, causes and
impact of migration?
2. What is today’s situation: migration to and
within Europe?within Europe?
3. Why Migration and Health?
1.1 Why" migration?212 M international migrants 212 M international migrants -- WWorld’s 5th biggest countryorld’s 5th biggest country
740 M Internal migrants (UNDP 2009)740 M Internal migrants (UNDP 2009)
1.2 The impact of migration
• There are 214 million estimated international
migrants in the world today.
• Migrants comprise 3.1 per cent of the global
population.
• The number of the migrants worldwide would
constitute the fifth most populous country in the constitute the fifth most populous country in the
world.
• In 2008, remittance flows are estimated at USD
444 billion worldwide, USD 338 billion of which
went to developing countries.
IOM. 2010. Facts and Figures.
Highly-Skilled
Migration
Irregular Migration
Study
(1010--15% of total15% of total flows*)*)
Low- and Middle-
Skilled Migration
1.3 Realms of mobility?
Family Migration
Internal Migration Tourism
Study
Abroad
*ILO Estimates
Refugees,
Asylum Seekers
1.4 Developmental dimension of migration
POSITIVE
• Personal & professional opportunities
NEGATIVENEGATIVE
• Loss of skilled workers
• Reduced economic growth & productivity
• Lower returns from
• Remittances
• Investments from the Diaspora
• Increase trade flows
• Lower returns from public investments in education
• Loss of tax revenue
• Creation of a “remittance economy”
1.5 Reasons behind migration:
inequalities & push-pull Our World according to Human Poverty Index
USACanada
Ethiopia
India
Bangladesh
Philippines
China
Russian Federation
Thailand
WorldMapper. 2010
Kenya
Indonesia
Philippines
Australia
Thailand
South
Africa
1.6 Where are migrants mostly heading to? U.S. and Europe (net immigration
by country)
IOM. Munz. 2010
“Bmigration is a fact of life in a world full of inequalities in which people
search for better lives for themselves and their families. We
know that in this globalized, interconnected world, migration is here to stay. We also know that
1.7 Food for thought
here to stay. We also know that migrants are essential for developed countries, to address the demands
of aging populations and skill shortages”.
IOM. MHD. Dr. Davide Mosca. 2010
2.1 A glimpse into history: Europe after
WWII
• A large number of refugees and displaced persons remaining from that conflict had to be assisted.
• Some were resettled in other European countries, while others went abroad finding new homes in North and South America and Australia where migrant workers were in demand.
UNHCR. 2009
2.2 Europe in the 50’s and 60’s
• Migrant workers were recruited to help post-
war rebuilding efforts.
• In some European countries, immigration
from colonies and former colonies in Asia and
Africa constituted a new migration trend. Africa constituted a new migration trend. UNHCR. 2009.
2.3 Europe in the 70s, 80s, and 90s
Source: Population Action International 1994
2.4 (a) Europe Today
In 2009, there were nearly
261 000 asylum applicants registered in the
EU27.
The main countries of citizenship of these
applicants were Afghanistan (20 400), applicants were Afghanistan (20 400),
Russia (20 100), Somalia (19 100), Iraq (18
700) and Kosovo under UN Security Council
Resolution 1244 (14 200).
EUROSTAT. 2010
2.4 (b) Today’s Demographics
An enlarged
European Union
faces increased,
complex migration
flows - internal and flows - internal and
external, regular
and irregular.
2.4 (c) Today’s Demographics
• By 2050, the EU will have:
– 48 million fewer 15-64 year olds
– 58 million more above 65
2.5 Recent Figures and Trends in the EU
““Europe needs more migrant workers�.It will be Europe needs more migrant workers�.It will be
facing increasing labour shortage at least over the facing increasing labour shortage at least over the
next 20 years�” EC president Jose Manuel Barrosso next 20 years�” EC president Jose Manuel Barrosso
0707--1111--20072007
2.6 Recent trends in the European
Union and Schengen borders
Central Europe continues to be a
region of emigration,
immigration, and transit
migration.
BBC News Media. 2010
Such trends create needs for
proactive policy and new
measures to effectively integrate
migrants.
IOM Central Europe. 2010
Migration is in and of itself not a risk-factor to health: the circumstancessurrounding the migration process can pose risks to health
3.1 Migration and Health of Migrants
The nature of modern migration is such The nature of modern migration is such that poverty and social exclusion and that poverty and social exclusion and resulting health consequences resulting health consequences disproportionately affect some disproportionately affect some
Somewhere close to us.…
Conclusions of Portuguese presidency..
Addressing the health of migrants …not only as a humanitarian cause, but moreover as a need for attainment of the best level of health and well-being for everybody living in the EU.
disproportionately affect some disproportionately affect some migrant communitiesmigrant communities
Pre Migration
phaseCross cutting factors
(age, gender, genetic
make up, education)
3.2 Mobility and health: 3.2 Mobility and health: functional frameworkfunctional framework
Movement
Migrant’s
health
profile
Arrival and
integration
Return
make up, education)
IOM. MRF Brussels
3.3 Health of migrants…3.3 Health of migrants…
“Addressing the health of migrants B not only as a humanitarian
cause,
but moreover as a need for attainment of the best level of health
and well-being for everybody living in the EU.
Conclusions of the Conference
Portuguese presidency
Conclusions
• The health of migrants is important to bridge rights, public health, security and development.
• The impacts of migration can be positive or negative depending on the country context, characteristics of migrants & migrant behaviour offering opportunities or constraints to economic & social development.
• Migration is formed by different aspects, such as “pull and push” factors, globalization, enlarged Europe, ageing population, skill shortage, emergencies and inequalities.
• Throughout history, migration has been a part of European society. However, recently there has been a significant inflow of migrants to Europe, and also a significant movement of individuals within Europe.
ANNEX
Hungary
Facts and Figures
Population (2010): 10 million
HDI Rank (2007): 43 of 182
Net Migration Rate (2005-2010): 1.5 migrants /1,000 population
Immigrants (2010): 3.7%
Women as a Percentage of Immigrants (2010): 56.4%Women as a Percentage of Immigrants (2010): 56.4%
Total Labour Force (2006): 4,247,000
Foreign-born Labour Force (2006): 1.7%
IOM Central Europe. 2010.
Poland
Facts and Figures
Population (2010): 38 millionHDI Rank (2007): 41 of 182
Net Migration Rate (2005-2010): -0.6 migrants /1,000 populationNet Migration Rate (2005-2010): -0.6 migrants /1,000 populationImmigrants (2010): 2.2%Women as a Percentage of Immigrants (2010): 59.0%
Total Labour Force (2006): 16,992,000Foreign-born Labour Force (2006): 0.3%
IOM Central Europe. 2010
Slovakia
Facts and Figures
Population (2010): 5.4 millionHDI Rank (2007): 42 of 182
Net Migration Rate (2005-2010): 0.7 migrants /1,000 populationImmigrants (2010): 2.4%Women as a Percentage of Immigrants (2010): 56.0%Women as a Percentage of Immigrants (2010): 56.0%
Total Labour Force (2006): 2,655,000Foreign-born Labour Force (2006): 0.7%
IOM Central Europe. 2010
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