Dr. Norris tries to explain the nervous system…. The OLLI Version.

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Dr Norris tries to explain the nervous systemhellip

The OLLI Version

Anatomy (Construction)

Physiology (Function)

CNS

PNS

OUT

IN

CNS PNS

Afferent (in coming)

Efferent (out going)

Sensor

Sensory input

Motor output

Integration

EffectorPeripheral nervous

system (PNS)Central nervous

system (CNS)

Neuron

Neuron

Cell body AxonDendrites

Neuron

Direction of signal

Neuron

3 types of Neurons

Sensory Neuron

Association Neuron

Motor Neuron

Sensor

Sensory input

Motor output

Integration

EffectorPeripheral nervous

system (PNS)Central nervous

system (CNS)

Nervous Systems

Nerve net

A little more concentration

The vertebrate way

A Physiology (Function)

The Action Potential

Cell Membrane

Membrane with gates

Microelectrode

Referenceelectrode

Voltagerecorder

ndash70 mV

Electrical potential across the membrane

OUTSIDE

INSIDE

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Resting State

Cell membrane neuron

Potassiumchannel

Plasma membrane

Na+

Inactivationgate

Activationgates

Sodiumchannel K+

Resting State

OUTSIDE

INSIDE

Na+

K+

Na+

Depolarization

OUTSIDE

INSIDE

Na+

K+

Na+

Rising phase of the action potential

OUTSIDE

INSIDE

Na+

K+

Na+

Falling phase of the action potential

OUTSIDE

INSIDE

An action potential is propagated

An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

Na+

Action potential

Na+

Action potentialK+

The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

K+

Na+

Action potentialK+

The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

K+

The Action Potential

Vertebrate Neuron

Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

Cell body

Schwann cell

Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

Myelinsheath

Axon

Action potential propagation down the axon

Saltatory conduction

VertebrateInvertebrate

VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

Saltatory conduction

Escape Neurons or Giant axons

Earthworm in cross-section

Nerve cord

Earthworm nerve cord

Giant escape axons

Myelinated neuron

Schwann cells

Multiple sclerosis

Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

Presynaptic membrane

Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

Ca2+

Postsynaptic membrane

Ligand-gatedion channels

Synaptic cleft

Action potential

Postsynaptic membrane

Neuro-transmitter

Ligand-gatedion channel

Na+

K+

Ca2+

Major Neurotransmitters

Muscle Contraction

Ca2+

Stopping the signal

eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

Playing with neurotransmitters

NeurotransmittersPrecursor

Neurotransmitter Mimic

Adding a little extra

Playing with neurotransmitters

Cholinesterase Inhibition

Pesticides

Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

Dursban material safety sheet

PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

Dursban material safety sheet

Integration

Major Neurotransmitters

Excitatory

Inhibitory

Excitatory

Inhibitory

Stimulate action potential at site of application

Inhibit action potential at site of application

An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

Na+

Action potential

Na+

Action potentialK+

The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

K+

Na+

Action potentialK+

The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

K+

InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

Never this simple

More like this

The big picture

Excitatory

Inhibitory

To fire or not to fire

Axon hillock

Axon hillock

All or nothing

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    Anatomy (Construction)

    Physiology (Function)

    CNS

    PNS

    OUT

    IN

    CNS PNS

    Afferent (in coming)

    Efferent (out going)

    Sensor

    Sensory input

    Motor output

    Integration

    EffectorPeripheral nervous

    system (PNS)Central nervous

    system (CNS)

    Neuron

    Neuron

    Cell body AxonDendrites

    Neuron

    Direction of signal

    Neuron

    3 types of Neurons

    Sensory Neuron

    Association Neuron

    Motor Neuron

    Sensor

    Sensory input

    Motor output

    Integration

    EffectorPeripheral nervous

    system (PNS)Central nervous

    system (CNS)

    Nervous Systems

    Nerve net

    A little more concentration

    The vertebrate way

    A Physiology (Function)

    The Action Potential

    Cell Membrane

    Membrane with gates

    Microelectrode

    Referenceelectrode

    Voltagerecorder

    ndash70 mV

    Electrical potential across the membrane

    OUTSIDE

    INSIDE

    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

    Resting State

    Cell membrane neuron

    Potassiumchannel

    Plasma membrane

    Na+

    Inactivationgate

    Activationgates

    Sodiumchannel K+

    Resting State

    OUTSIDE

    INSIDE

    Na+

    K+

    Na+

    Depolarization

    OUTSIDE

    INSIDE

    Na+

    K+

    Na+

    Rising phase of the action potential

    OUTSIDE

    INSIDE

    Na+

    K+

    Na+

    Falling phase of the action potential

    OUTSIDE

    INSIDE

    An action potential is propagated

    An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

    Na+

    Action potential

    Na+

    Action potentialK+

    The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

    K+

    Na+

    Action potentialK+

    The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

    K+

    The Action Potential

    Vertebrate Neuron

    Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

    Cell body

    Schwann cell

    Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

    Myelinsheath

    Axon

    Action potential propagation down the axon

    Saltatory conduction

    VertebrateInvertebrate

    VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

    Saltatory conduction

    Escape Neurons or Giant axons

    Earthworm in cross-section

    Nerve cord

    Earthworm nerve cord

    Giant escape axons

    Myelinated neuron

    Schwann cells

    Multiple sclerosis

    Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

    Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

    Presynaptic membrane

    Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

    Ca2+

    Postsynaptic membrane

    Ligand-gatedion channels

    Synaptic cleft

    Action potential

    Postsynaptic membrane

    Neuro-transmitter

    Ligand-gatedion channel

    Na+

    K+

    Ca2+

    Major Neurotransmitters

    Muscle Contraction

    Ca2+

    Stopping the signal

    eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

    Playing with neurotransmitters

    NeurotransmittersPrecursor

    Neurotransmitter Mimic

    Adding a little extra

    Playing with neurotransmitters

    Cholinesterase Inhibition

    Pesticides

    Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

    PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

    May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

    PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

    Dursban material safety sheet

    PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

    May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

    PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

    Dursban material safety sheet

    Integration

    Major Neurotransmitters

    Excitatory

    Inhibitory

    Excitatory

    Inhibitory

    Stimulate action potential at site of application

    Inhibit action potential at site of application

    An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

    Na+

    Action potential

    Na+

    Action potentialK+

    The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

    K+

    Na+

    Action potentialK+

    The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

    K+

    InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

    Never this simple

    More like this

    The big picture

    Excitatory

    Inhibitory

    To fire or not to fire

    Axon hillock

    Axon hillock

    All or nothing

    • Slide 1
    • Slide 2
    • Slide 3
    • Slide 4
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      CNS

      PNS

      OUT

      IN

      CNS PNS

      Afferent (in coming)

      Efferent (out going)

      Sensor

      Sensory input

      Motor output

      Integration

      EffectorPeripheral nervous

      system (PNS)Central nervous

      system (CNS)

      Neuron

      Neuron

      Cell body AxonDendrites

      Neuron

      Direction of signal

      Neuron

      3 types of Neurons

      Sensory Neuron

      Association Neuron

      Motor Neuron

      Sensor

      Sensory input

      Motor output

      Integration

      EffectorPeripheral nervous

      system (PNS)Central nervous

      system (CNS)

      Nervous Systems

      Nerve net

      A little more concentration

      The vertebrate way

      A Physiology (Function)

      The Action Potential

      Cell Membrane

      Membrane with gates

      Microelectrode

      Referenceelectrode

      Voltagerecorder

      ndash70 mV

      Electrical potential across the membrane

      OUTSIDE

      INSIDE

      + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

      - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

      Resting State

      Cell membrane neuron

      Potassiumchannel

      Plasma membrane

      Na+

      Inactivationgate

      Activationgates

      Sodiumchannel K+

      Resting State

      OUTSIDE

      INSIDE

      Na+

      K+

      Na+

      Depolarization

      OUTSIDE

      INSIDE

      Na+

      K+

      Na+

      Rising phase of the action potential

      OUTSIDE

      INSIDE

      Na+

      K+

      Na+

      Falling phase of the action potential

      OUTSIDE

      INSIDE

      An action potential is propagated

      An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

      Na+

      Action potential

      Na+

      Action potentialK+

      The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

      K+

      Na+

      Action potentialK+

      The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

      K+

      The Action Potential

      Vertebrate Neuron

      Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

      Cell body

      Schwann cell

      Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

      Myelinsheath

      Axon

      Action potential propagation down the axon

      Saltatory conduction

      VertebrateInvertebrate

      VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

      Saltatory conduction

      Escape Neurons or Giant axons

      Earthworm in cross-section

      Nerve cord

      Earthworm nerve cord

      Giant escape axons

      Myelinated neuron

      Schwann cells

      Multiple sclerosis

      Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

      Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

      Presynaptic membrane

      Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

      Ca2+

      Postsynaptic membrane

      Ligand-gatedion channels

      Synaptic cleft

      Action potential

      Postsynaptic membrane

      Neuro-transmitter

      Ligand-gatedion channel

      Na+

      K+

      Ca2+

      Major Neurotransmitters

      Muscle Contraction

      Ca2+

      Stopping the signal

      eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

      Playing with neurotransmitters

      NeurotransmittersPrecursor

      Neurotransmitter Mimic

      Adding a little extra

      Playing with neurotransmitters

      Cholinesterase Inhibition

      Pesticides

      Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

      PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

      May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

      PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

      Dursban material safety sheet

      PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

      May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

      PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

      Dursban material safety sheet

      Integration

      Major Neurotransmitters

      Excitatory

      Inhibitory

      Excitatory

      Inhibitory

      Stimulate action potential at site of application

      Inhibit action potential at site of application

      An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

      Na+

      Action potential

      Na+

      Action potentialK+

      The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

      K+

      Na+

      Action potentialK+

      The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

      K+

      InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

      Never this simple

      More like this

      The big picture

      Excitatory

      Inhibitory

      To fire or not to fire

      Axon hillock

      Axon hillock

      All or nothing

      • Slide 1
      • Slide 2
      • Slide 3
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        CNS PNS

        Afferent (in coming)

        Efferent (out going)

        Sensor

        Sensory input

        Motor output

        Integration

        EffectorPeripheral nervous

        system (PNS)Central nervous

        system (CNS)

        Neuron

        Neuron

        Cell body AxonDendrites

        Neuron

        Direction of signal

        Neuron

        3 types of Neurons

        Sensory Neuron

        Association Neuron

        Motor Neuron

        Sensor

        Sensory input

        Motor output

        Integration

        EffectorPeripheral nervous

        system (PNS)Central nervous

        system (CNS)

        Nervous Systems

        Nerve net

        A little more concentration

        The vertebrate way

        A Physiology (Function)

        The Action Potential

        Cell Membrane

        Membrane with gates

        Microelectrode

        Referenceelectrode

        Voltagerecorder

        ndash70 mV

        Electrical potential across the membrane

        OUTSIDE

        INSIDE

        + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

        - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

        Resting State

        Cell membrane neuron

        Potassiumchannel

        Plasma membrane

        Na+

        Inactivationgate

        Activationgates

        Sodiumchannel K+

        Resting State

        OUTSIDE

        INSIDE

        Na+

        K+

        Na+

        Depolarization

        OUTSIDE

        INSIDE

        Na+

        K+

        Na+

        Rising phase of the action potential

        OUTSIDE

        INSIDE

        Na+

        K+

        Na+

        Falling phase of the action potential

        OUTSIDE

        INSIDE

        An action potential is propagated

        An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

        Na+

        Action potential

        Na+

        Action potentialK+

        The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

        K+

        Na+

        Action potentialK+

        The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

        K+

        The Action Potential

        Vertebrate Neuron

        Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

        Cell body

        Schwann cell

        Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

        Myelinsheath

        Axon

        Action potential propagation down the axon

        Saltatory conduction

        VertebrateInvertebrate

        VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

        Saltatory conduction

        Escape Neurons or Giant axons

        Earthworm in cross-section

        Nerve cord

        Earthworm nerve cord

        Giant escape axons

        Myelinated neuron

        Schwann cells

        Multiple sclerosis

        Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

        Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

        Presynaptic membrane

        Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

        Ca2+

        Postsynaptic membrane

        Ligand-gatedion channels

        Synaptic cleft

        Action potential

        Postsynaptic membrane

        Neuro-transmitter

        Ligand-gatedion channel

        Na+

        K+

        Ca2+

        Major Neurotransmitters

        Muscle Contraction

        Ca2+

        Stopping the signal

        eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

        Playing with neurotransmitters

        NeurotransmittersPrecursor

        Neurotransmitter Mimic

        Adding a little extra

        Playing with neurotransmitters

        Cholinesterase Inhibition

        Pesticides

        Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

        PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

        May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

        PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

        Dursban material safety sheet

        PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

        May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

        PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

        Dursban material safety sheet

        Integration

        Major Neurotransmitters

        Excitatory

        Inhibitory

        Excitatory

        Inhibitory

        Stimulate action potential at site of application

        Inhibit action potential at site of application

        An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

        Na+

        Action potential

        Na+

        Action potentialK+

        The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

        K+

        Na+

        Action potentialK+

        The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

        K+

        InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

        Never this simple

        More like this

        The big picture

        Excitatory

        Inhibitory

        To fire or not to fire

        Axon hillock

        Axon hillock

        All or nothing

        • Slide 1
        • Slide 2
        • Slide 3
        • Slide 4
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        • Slide 63
        • Slide 64
        • Slide 65
        • Slide 66

          Sensor

          Sensory input

          Motor output

          Integration

          EffectorPeripheral nervous

          system (PNS)Central nervous

          system (CNS)

          Neuron

          Neuron

          Cell body AxonDendrites

          Neuron

          Direction of signal

          Neuron

          3 types of Neurons

          Sensory Neuron

          Association Neuron

          Motor Neuron

          Sensor

          Sensory input

          Motor output

          Integration

          EffectorPeripheral nervous

          system (PNS)Central nervous

          system (CNS)

          Nervous Systems

          Nerve net

          A little more concentration

          The vertebrate way

          A Physiology (Function)

          The Action Potential

          Cell Membrane

          Membrane with gates

          Microelectrode

          Referenceelectrode

          Voltagerecorder

          ndash70 mV

          Electrical potential across the membrane

          OUTSIDE

          INSIDE

          + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

          Resting State

          Cell membrane neuron

          Potassiumchannel

          Plasma membrane

          Na+

          Inactivationgate

          Activationgates

          Sodiumchannel K+

          Resting State

          OUTSIDE

          INSIDE

          Na+

          K+

          Na+

          Depolarization

          OUTSIDE

          INSIDE

          Na+

          K+

          Na+

          Rising phase of the action potential

          OUTSIDE

          INSIDE

          Na+

          K+

          Na+

          Falling phase of the action potential

          OUTSIDE

          INSIDE

          An action potential is propagated

          An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

          Na+

          Action potential

          Na+

          Action potentialK+

          The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

          K+

          Na+

          Action potentialK+

          The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

          K+

          The Action Potential

          Vertebrate Neuron

          Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

          Cell body

          Schwann cell

          Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

          Myelinsheath

          Axon

          Action potential propagation down the axon

          Saltatory conduction

          VertebrateInvertebrate

          VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

          Saltatory conduction

          Escape Neurons or Giant axons

          Earthworm in cross-section

          Nerve cord

          Earthworm nerve cord

          Giant escape axons

          Myelinated neuron

          Schwann cells

          Multiple sclerosis

          Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

          Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

          Presynaptic membrane

          Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

          Ca2+

          Postsynaptic membrane

          Ligand-gatedion channels

          Synaptic cleft

          Action potential

          Postsynaptic membrane

          Neuro-transmitter

          Ligand-gatedion channel

          Na+

          K+

          Ca2+

          Major Neurotransmitters

          Muscle Contraction

          Ca2+

          Stopping the signal

          eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

          Playing with neurotransmitters

          NeurotransmittersPrecursor

          Neurotransmitter Mimic

          Adding a little extra

          Playing with neurotransmitters

          Cholinesterase Inhibition

          Pesticides

          Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

          PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

          May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

          PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

          Dursban material safety sheet

          PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

          May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

          PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

          Dursban material safety sheet

          Integration

          Major Neurotransmitters

          Excitatory

          Inhibitory

          Excitatory

          Inhibitory

          Stimulate action potential at site of application

          Inhibit action potential at site of application

          An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

          Na+

          Action potential

          Na+

          Action potentialK+

          The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

          K+

          Na+

          Action potentialK+

          The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

          K+

          InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

          Never this simple

          More like this

          The big picture

          Excitatory

          Inhibitory

          To fire or not to fire

          Axon hillock

          Axon hillock

          All or nothing

          • Slide 1
          • Slide 2
          • Slide 3
          • Slide 4
          • Slide 5
          • Slide 6
          • Slide 7
          • Slide 8
          • Slide 9
          • Slide 10
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          • Slide 65
          • Slide 66

            Neuron

            Neuron

            Cell body AxonDendrites

            Neuron

            Direction of signal

            Neuron

            3 types of Neurons

            Sensory Neuron

            Association Neuron

            Motor Neuron

            Sensor

            Sensory input

            Motor output

            Integration

            EffectorPeripheral nervous

            system (PNS)Central nervous

            system (CNS)

            Nervous Systems

            Nerve net

            A little more concentration

            The vertebrate way

            A Physiology (Function)

            The Action Potential

            Cell Membrane

            Membrane with gates

            Microelectrode

            Referenceelectrode

            Voltagerecorder

            ndash70 mV

            Electrical potential across the membrane

            OUTSIDE

            INSIDE

            + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

            - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

            Resting State

            Cell membrane neuron

            Potassiumchannel

            Plasma membrane

            Na+

            Inactivationgate

            Activationgates

            Sodiumchannel K+

            Resting State

            OUTSIDE

            INSIDE

            Na+

            K+

            Na+

            Depolarization

            OUTSIDE

            INSIDE

            Na+

            K+

            Na+

            Rising phase of the action potential

            OUTSIDE

            INSIDE

            Na+

            K+

            Na+

            Falling phase of the action potential

            OUTSIDE

            INSIDE

            An action potential is propagated

            An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

            Na+

            Action potential

            Na+

            Action potentialK+

            The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

            K+

            Na+

            Action potentialK+

            The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

            K+

            The Action Potential

            Vertebrate Neuron

            Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

            Cell body

            Schwann cell

            Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

            Myelinsheath

            Axon

            Action potential propagation down the axon

            Saltatory conduction

            VertebrateInvertebrate

            VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

            Saltatory conduction

            Escape Neurons or Giant axons

            Earthworm in cross-section

            Nerve cord

            Earthworm nerve cord

            Giant escape axons

            Myelinated neuron

            Schwann cells

            Multiple sclerosis

            Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

            Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

            Presynaptic membrane

            Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

            Ca2+

            Postsynaptic membrane

            Ligand-gatedion channels

            Synaptic cleft

            Action potential

            Postsynaptic membrane

            Neuro-transmitter

            Ligand-gatedion channel

            Na+

            K+

            Ca2+

            Major Neurotransmitters

            Muscle Contraction

            Ca2+

            Stopping the signal

            eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

            Playing with neurotransmitters

            NeurotransmittersPrecursor

            Neurotransmitter Mimic

            Adding a little extra

            Playing with neurotransmitters

            Cholinesterase Inhibition

            Pesticides

            Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

            PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

            May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

            PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

            Dursban material safety sheet

            PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

            May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

            PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

            Dursban material safety sheet

            Integration

            Major Neurotransmitters

            Excitatory

            Inhibitory

            Excitatory

            Inhibitory

            Stimulate action potential at site of application

            Inhibit action potential at site of application

            An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

            Na+

            Action potential

            Na+

            Action potentialK+

            The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

            K+

            Na+

            Action potentialK+

            The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

            K+

            InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

            Never this simple

            More like this

            The big picture

            Excitatory

            Inhibitory

            To fire or not to fire

            Axon hillock

            Axon hillock

            All or nothing

            • Slide 1
            • Slide 2
            • Slide 3
            • Slide 4
            • Slide 5
            • Slide 6
            • Slide 7
            • Slide 8
            • Slide 9
            • Slide 10
            • Slide 11
            • Slide 12
            • Slide 13
            • Slide 14
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            • Slide 49
            • Slide 50
            • Slide 51
            • Slide 52
            • Slide 53
            • Slide 54
            • Slide 55
            • Slide 56
            • Slide 57
            • Slide 58
            • Slide 59
            • Slide 60
            • Slide 61
            • Slide 62
            • Slide 63
            • Slide 64
            • Slide 65
            • Slide 66

              Neuron

              Cell body AxonDendrites

              Neuron

              Direction of signal

              Neuron

              3 types of Neurons

              Sensory Neuron

              Association Neuron

              Motor Neuron

              Sensor

              Sensory input

              Motor output

              Integration

              EffectorPeripheral nervous

              system (PNS)Central nervous

              system (CNS)

              Nervous Systems

              Nerve net

              A little more concentration

              The vertebrate way

              A Physiology (Function)

              The Action Potential

              Cell Membrane

              Membrane with gates

              Microelectrode

              Referenceelectrode

              Voltagerecorder

              ndash70 mV

              Electrical potential across the membrane

              OUTSIDE

              INSIDE

              + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

              - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

              Resting State

              Cell membrane neuron

              Potassiumchannel

              Plasma membrane

              Na+

              Inactivationgate

              Activationgates

              Sodiumchannel K+

              Resting State

              OUTSIDE

              INSIDE

              Na+

              K+

              Na+

              Depolarization

              OUTSIDE

              INSIDE

              Na+

              K+

              Na+

              Rising phase of the action potential

              OUTSIDE

              INSIDE

              Na+

              K+

              Na+

              Falling phase of the action potential

              OUTSIDE

              INSIDE

              An action potential is propagated

              An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

              Na+

              Action potential

              Na+

              Action potentialK+

              The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

              K+

              Na+

              Action potentialK+

              The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

              K+

              The Action Potential

              Vertebrate Neuron

              Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

              Cell body

              Schwann cell

              Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

              Myelinsheath

              Axon

              Action potential propagation down the axon

              Saltatory conduction

              VertebrateInvertebrate

              VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

              Saltatory conduction

              Escape Neurons or Giant axons

              Earthworm in cross-section

              Nerve cord

              Earthworm nerve cord

              Giant escape axons

              Myelinated neuron

              Schwann cells

              Multiple sclerosis

              Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

              Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

              Presynaptic membrane

              Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

              Ca2+

              Postsynaptic membrane

              Ligand-gatedion channels

              Synaptic cleft

              Action potential

              Postsynaptic membrane

              Neuro-transmitter

              Ligand-gatedion channel

              Na+

              K+

              Ca2+

              Major Neurotransmitters

              Muscle Contraction

              Ca2+

              Stopping the signal

              eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

              Playing with neurotransmitters

              NeurotransmittersPrecursor

              Neurotransmitter Mimic

              Adding a little extra

              Playing with neurotransmitters

              Cholinesterase Inhibition

              Pesticides

              Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

              PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

              May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

              PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

              Dursban material safety sheet

              PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

              May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

              PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

              Dursban material safety sheet

              Integration

              Major Neurotransmitters

              Excitatory

              Inhibitory

              Excitatory

              Inhibitory

              Stimulate action potential at site of application

              Inhibit action potential at site of application

              An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

              Na+

              Action potential

              Na+

              Action potentialK+

              The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

              K+

              Na+

              Action potentialK+

              The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

              K+

              InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

              Never this simple

              More like this

              The big picture

              Excitatory

              Inhibitory

              To fire or not to fire

              Axon hillock

              Axon hillock

              All or nothing

              • Slide 1
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                Neuron

                Direction of signal

                Neuron

                3 types of Neurons

                Sensory Neuron

                Association Neuron

                Motor Neuron

                Sensor

                Sensory input

                Motor output

                Integration

                EffectorPeripheral nervous

                system (PNS)Central nervous

                system (CNS)

                Nervous Systems

                Nerve net

                A little more concentration

                The vertebrate way

                A Physiology (Function)

                The Action Potential

                Cell Membrane

                Membrane with gates

                Microelectrode

                Referenceelectrode

                Voltagerecorder

                ndash70 mV

                Electrical potential across the membrane

                OUTSIDE

                INSIDE

                + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

                - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

                Resting State

                Cell membrane neuron

                Potassiumchannel

                Plasma membrane

                Na+

                Inactivationgate

                Activationgates

                Sodiumchannel K+

                Resting State

                OUTSIDE

                INSIDE

                Na+

                K+

                Na+

                Depolarization

                OUTSIDE

                INSIDE

                Na+

                K+

                Na+

                Rising phase of the action potential

                OUTSIDE

                INSIDE

                Na+

                K+

                Na+

                Falling phase of the action potential

                OUTSIDE

                INSIDE

                An action potential is propagated

                An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                Na+

                Action potential

                Na+

                Action potentialK+

                The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                K+

                Na+

                Action potentialK+

                The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                K+

                The Action Potential

                Vertebrate Neuron

                Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

                Cell body

                Schwann cell

                Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

                Myelinsheath

                Axon

                Action potential propagation down the axon

                Saltatory conduction

                VertebrateInvertebrate

                VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

                Saltatory conduction

                Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                Earthworm in cross-section

                Nerve cord

                Earthworm nerve cord

                Giant escape axons

                Myelinated neuron

                Schwann cells

                Multiple sclerosis

                Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                Presynaptic membrane

                Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                Ca2+

                Postsynaptic membrane

                Ligand-gatedion channels

                Synaptic cleft

                Action potential

                Postsynaptic membrane

                Neuro-transmitter

                Ligand-gatedion channel

                Na+

                K+

                Ca2+

                Major Neurotransmitters

                Muscle Contraction

                Ca2+

                Stopping the signal

                eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                Playing with neurotransmitters

                NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                Neurotransmitter Mimic

                Adding a little extra

                Playing with neurotransmitters

                Cholinesterase Inhibition

                Pesticides

                Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                Dursban material safety sheet

                PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                Dursban material safety sheet

                Integration

                Major Neurotransmitters

                Excitatory

                Inhibitory

                Excitatory

                Inhibitory

                Stimulate action potential at site of application

                Inhibit action potential at site of application

                An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                Na+

                Action potential

                Na+

                Action potentialK+

                The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                K+

                Na+

                Action potentialK+

                The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                K+

                InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                Never this simple

                More like this

                The big picture

                Excitatory

                Inhibitory

                To fire or not to fire

                Axon hillock

                Axon hillock

                All or nothing

                • Slide 1
                • Slide 2
                • Slide 3
                • Slide 4
                • Slide 5
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                  Neuron

                  3 types of Neurons

                  Sensory Neuron

                  Association Neuron

                  Motor Neuron

                  Sensor

                  Sensory input

                  Motor output

                  Integration

                  EffectorPeripheral nervous

                  system (PNS)Central nervous

                  system (CNS)

                  Nervous Systems

                  Nerve net

                  A little more concentration

                  The vertebrate way

                  A Physiology (Function)

                  The Action Potential

                  Cell Membrane

                  Membrane with gates

                  Microelectrode

                  Referenceelectrode

                  Voltagerecorder

                  ndash70 mV

                  Electrical potential across the membrane

                  OUTSIDE

                  INSIDE

                  + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

                  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

                  Resting State

                  Cell membrane neuron

                  Potassiumchannel

                  Plasma membrane

                  Na+

                  Inactivationgate

                  Activationgates

                  Sodiumchannel K+

                  Resting State

                  OUTSIDE

                  INSIDE

                  Na+

                  K+

                  Na+

                  Depolarization

                  OUTSIDE

                  INSIDE

                  Na+

                  K+

                  Na+

                  Rising phase of the action potential

                  OUTSIDE

                  INSIDE

                  Na+

                  K+

                  Na+

                  Falling phase of the action potential

                  OUTSIDE

                  INSIDE

                  An action potential is propagated

                  An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                  Na+

                  Action potential

                  Na+

                  Action potentialK+

                  The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                  K+

                  Na+

                  Action potentialK+

                  The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                  K+

                  The Action Potential

                  Vertebrate Neuron

                  Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

                  Cell body

                  Schwann cell

                  Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

                  Myelinsheath

                  Axon

                  Action potential propagation down the axon

                  Saltatory conduction

                  VertebrateInvertebrate

                  VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

                  Saltatory conduction

                  Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                  Earthworm in cross-section

                  Nerve cord

                  Earthworm nerve cord

                  Giant escape axons

                  Myelinated neuron

                  Schwann cells

                  Multiple sclerosis

                  Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                  Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                  Presynaptic membrane

                  Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                  Ca2+

                  Postsynaptic membrane

                  Ligand-gatedion channels

                  Synaptic cleft

                  Action potential

                  Postsynaptic membrane

                  Neuro-transmitter

                  Ligand-gatedion channel

                  Na+

                  K+

                  Ca2+

                  Major Neurotransmitters

                  Muscle Contraction

                  Ca2+

                  Stopping the signal

                  eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                  Playing with neurotransmitters

                  NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                  Neurotransmitter Mimic

                  Adding a little extra

                  Playing with neurotransmitters

                  Cholinesterase Inhibition

                  Pesticides

                  Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                  PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                  May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                  PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                  Dursban material safety sheet

                  PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                  May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                  PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                  Dursban material safety sheet

                  Integration

                  Major Neurotransmitters

                  Excitatory

                  Inhibitory

                  Excitatory

                  Inhibitory

                  Stimulate action potential at site of application

                  Inhibit action potential at site of application

                  An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                  Na+

                  Action potential

                  Na+

                  Action potentialK+

                  The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                  K+

                  Na+

                  Action potentialK+

                  The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                  K+

                  InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                  Never this simple

                  More like this

                  The big picture

                  Excitatory

                  Inhibitory

                  To fire or not to fire

                  Axon hillock

                  Axon hillock

                  All or nothing

                  • Slide 1
                  • Slide 2
                  • Slide 3
                  • Slide 4
                  • Slide 5
                  • Slide 6
                  • Slide 7
                  • Slide 8
                  • Slide 9
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                  • Slide 64
                  • Slide 65
                  • Slide 66

                    Sensory Neuron

                    Association Neuron

                    Motor Neuron

                    Sensor

                    Sensory input

                    Motor output

                    Integration

                    EffectorPeripheral nervous

                    system (PNS)Central nervous

                    system (CNS)

                    Nervous Systems

                    Nerve net

                    A little more concentration

                    The vertebrate way

                    A Physiology (Function)

                    The Action Potential

                    Cell Membrane

                    Membrane with gates

                    Microelectrode

                    Referenceelectrode

                    Voltagerecorder

                    ndash70 mV

                    Electrical potential across the membrane

                    OUTSIDE

                    INSIDE

                    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

                    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

                    Resting State

                    Cell membrane neuron

                    Potassiumchannel

                    Plasma membrane

                    Na+

                    Inactivationgate

                    Activationgates

                    Sodiumchannel K+

                    Resting State

                    OUTSIDE

                    INSIDE

                    Na+

                    K+

                    Na+

                    Depolarization

                    OUTSIDE

                    INSIDE

                    Na+

                    K+

                    Na+

                    Rising phase of the action potential

                    OUTSIDE

                    INSIDE

                    Na+

                    K+

                    Na+

                    Falling phase of the action potential

                    OUTSIDE

                    INSIDE

                    An action potential is propagated

                    An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                    Na+

                    Action potential

                    Na+

                    Action potentialK+

                    The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                    K+

                    Na+

                    Action potentialK+

                    The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                    K+

                    The Action Potential

                    Vertebrate Neuron

                    Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

                    Cell body

                    Schwann cell

                    Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

                    Myelinsheath

                    Axon

                    Action potential propagation down the axon

                    Saltatory conduction

                    VertebrateInvertebrate

                    VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

                    Saltatory conduction

                    Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                    Earthworm in cross-section

                    Nerve cord

                    Earthworm nerve cord

                    Giant escape axons

                    Myelinated neuron

                    Schwann cells

                    Multiple sclerosis

                    Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                    Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                    Presynaptic membrane

                    Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                    Ca2+

                    Postsynaptic membrane

                    Ligand-gatedion channels

                    Synaptic cleft

                    Action potential

                    Postsynaptic membrane

                    Neuro-transmitter

                    Ligand-gatedion channel

                    Na+

                    K+

                    Ca2+

                    Major Neurotransmitters

                    Muscle Contraction

                    Ca2+

                    Stopping the signal

                    eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                    Playing with neurotransmitters

                    NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                    Neurotransmitter Mimic

                    Adding a little extra

                    Playing with neurotransmitters

                    Cholinesterase Inhibition

                    Pesticides

                    Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                    PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                    May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                    PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                    Dursban material safety sheet

                    PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                    May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                    PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                    Dursban material safety sheet

                    Integration

                    Major Neurotransmitters

                    Excitatory

                    Inhibitory

                    Excitatory

                    Inhibitory

                    Stimulate action potential at site of application

                    Inhibit action potential at site of application

                    An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                    Na+

                    Action potential

                    Na+

                    Action potentialK+

                    The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                    K+

                    Na+

                    Action potentialK+

                    The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                    K+

                    InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                    Never this simple

                    More like this

                    The big picture

                    Excitatory

                    Inhibitory

                    To fire or not to fire

                    Axon hillock

                    Axon hillock

                    All or nothing

                    • Slide 1
                    • Slide 2
                    • Slide 3
                    • Slide 4
                    • Slide 5
                    • Slide 6
                    • Slide 7
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                      Association Neuron

                      Motor Neuron

                      Sensor

                      Sensory input

                      Motor output

                      Integration

                      EffectorPeripheral nervous

                      system (PNS)Central nervous

                      system (CNS)

                      Nervous Systems

                      Nerve net

                      A little more concentration

                      The vertebrate way

                      A Physiology (Function)

                      The Action Potential

                      Cell Membrane

                      Membrane with gates

                      Microelectrode

                      Referenceelectrode

                      Voltagerecorder

                      ndash70 mV

                      Electrical potential across the membrane

                      OUTSIDE

                      INSIDE

                      + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

                      - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

                      Resting State

                      Cell membrane neuron

                      Potassiumchannel

                      Plasma membrane

                      Na+

                      Inactivationgate

                      Activationgates

                      Sodiumchannel K+

                      Resting State

                      OUTSIDE

                      INSIDE

                      Na+

                      K+

                      Na+

                      Depolarization

                      OUTSIDE

                      INSIDE

                      Na+

                      K+

                      Na+

                      Rising phase of the action potential

                      OUTSIDE

                      INSIDE

                      Na+

                      K+

                      Na+

                      Falling phase of the action potential

                      OUTSIDE

                      INSIDE

                      An action potential is propagated

                      An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                      Na+

                      Action potential

                      Na+

                      Action potentialK+

                      The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                      K+

                      Na+

                      Action potentialK+

                      The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                      K+

                      The Action Potential

                      Vertebrate Neuron

                      Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

                      Cell body

                      Schwann cell

                      Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

                      Myelinsheath

                      Axon

                      Action potential propagation down the axon

                      Saltatory conduction

                      VertebrateInvertebrate

                      VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

                      Saltatory conduction

                      Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                      Earthworm in cross-section

                      Nerve cord

                      Earthworm nerve cord

                      Giant escape axons

                      Myelinated neuron

                      Schwann cells

                      Multiple sclerosis

                      Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                      Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                      Presynaptic membrane

                      Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                      Ca2+

                      Postsynaptic membrane

                      Ligand-gatedion channels

                      Synaptic cleft

                      Action potential

                      Postsynaptic membrane

                      Neuro-transmitter

                      Ligand-gatedion channel

                      Na+

                      K+

                      Ca2+

                      Major Neurotransmitters

                      Muscle Contraction

                      Ca2+

                      Stopping the signal

                      eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                      Playing with neurotransmitters

                      NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                      Neurotransmitter Mimic

                      Adding a little extra

                      Playing with neurotransmitters

                      Cholinesterase Inhibition

                      Pesticides

                      Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                      PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                      May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                      PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                      Dursban material safety sheet

                      PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                      May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                      PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                      Dursban material safety sheet

                      Integration

                      Major Neurotransmitters

                      Excitatory

                      Inhibitory

                      Excitatory

                      Inhibitory

                      Stimulate action potential at site of application

                      Inhibit action potential at site of application

                      An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                      Na+

                      Action potential

                      Na+

                      Action potentialK+

                      The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                      K+

                      Na+

                      Action potentialK+

                      The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                      K+

                      InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                      Never this simple

                      More like this

                      The big picture

                      Excitatory

                      Inhibitory

                      To fire or not to fire

                      Axon hillock

                      Axon hillock

                      All or nothing

                      • Slide 1
                      • Slide 2
                      • Slide 3
                      • Slide 4
                      • Slide 5
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                      • Slide 63
                      • Slide 64
                      • Slide 65
                      • Slide 66

                        Motor Neuron

                        Sensor

                        Sensory input

                        Motor output

                        Integration

                        EffectorPeripheral nervous

                        system (PNS)Central nervous

                        system (CNS)

                        Nervous Systems

                        Nerve net

                        A little more concentration

                        The vertebrate way

                        A Physiology (Function)

                        The Action Potential

                        Cell Membrane

                        Membrane with gates

                        Microelectrode

                        Referenceelectrode

                        Voltagerecorder

                        ndash70 mV

                        Electrical potential across the membrane

                        OUTSIDE

                        INSIDE

                        + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

                        - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

                        Resting State

                        Cell membrane neuron

                        Potassiumchannel

                        Plasma membrane

                        Na+

                        Inactivationgate

                        Activationgates

                        Sodiumchannel K+

                        Resting State

                        OUTSIDE

                        INSIDE

                        Na+

                        K+

                        Na+

                        Depolarization

                        OUTSIDE

                        INSIDE

                        Na+

                        K+

                        Na+

                        Rising phase of the action potential

                        OUTSIDE

                        INSIDE

                        Na+

                        K+

                        Na+

                        Falling phase of the action potential

                        OUTSIDE

                        INSIDE

                        An action potential is propagated

                        An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                        Na+

                        Action potential

                        Na+

                        Action potentialK+

                        The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                        K+

                        Na+

                        Action potentialK+

                        The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                        K+

                        The Action Potential

                        Vertebrate Neuron

                        Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

                        Cell body

                        Schwann cell

                        Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

                        Myelinsheath

                        Axon

                        Action potential propagation down the axon

                        Saltatory conduction

                        VertebrateInvertebrate

                        VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

                        Saltatory conduction

                        Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                        Earthworm in cross-section

                        Nerve cord

                        Earthworm nerve cord

                        Giant escape axons

                        Myelinated neuron

                        Schwann cells

                        Multiple sclerosis

                        Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                        Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                        Presynaptic membrane

                        Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                        Ca2+

                        Postsynaptic membrane

                        Ligand-gatedion channels

                        Synaptic cleft

                        Action potential

                        Postsynaptic membrane

                        Neuro-transmitter

                        Ligand-gatedion channel

                        Na+

                        K+

                        Ca2+

                        Major Neurotransmitters

                        Muscle Contraction

                        Ca2+

                        Stopping the signal

                        eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                        Playing with neurotransmitters

                        NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                        Neurotransmitter Mimic

                        Adding a little extra

                        Playing with neurotransmitters

                        Cholinesterase Inhibition

                        Pesticides

                        Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                        PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                        May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                        PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                        Dursban material safety sheet

                        PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                        May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                        PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                        Dursban material safety sheet

                        Integration

                        Major Neurotransmitters

                        Excitatory

                        Inhibitory

                        Excitatory

                        Inhibitory

                        Stimulate action potential at site of application

                        Inhibit action potential at site of application

                        An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                        Na+

                        Action potential

                        Na+

                        Action potentialK+

                        The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                        K+

                        Na+

                        Action potentialK+

                        The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                        K+

                        InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                        Never this simple

                        More like this

                        The big picture

                        Excitatory

                        Inhibitory

                        To fire or not to fire

                        Axon hillock

                        Axon hillock

                        All or nothing

                        • Slide 1
                        • Slide 2
                        • Slide 3
                        • Slide 4
                        • Slide 5
                        • Slide 6
                        • Slide 7
                        • Slide 8
                        • Slide 9
                        • Slide 10
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                        • Slide 61
                        • Slide 62
                        • Slide 63
                        • Slide 64
                        • Slide 65
                        • Slide 66

                          Sensor

                          Sensory input

                          Motor output

                          Integration

                          EffectorPeripheral nervous

                          system (PNS)Central nervous

                          system (CNS)

                          Nervous Systems

                          Nerve net

                          A little more concentration

                          The vertebrate way

                          A Physiology (Function)

                          The Action Potential

                          Cell Membrane

                          Membrane with gates

                          Microelectrode

                          Referenceelectrode

                          Voltagerecorder

                          ndash70 mV

                          Electrical potential across the membrane

                          OUTSIDE

                          INSIDE

                          + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

                          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

                          Resting State

                          Cell membrane neuron

                          Potassiumchannel

                          Plasma membrane

                          Na+

                          Inactivationgate

                          Activationgates

                          Sodiumchannel K+

                          Resting State

                          OUTSIDE

                          INSIDE

                          Na+

                          K+

                          Na+

                          Depolarization

                          OUTSIDE

                          INSIDE

                          Na+

                          K+

                          Na+

                          Rising phase of the action potential

                          OUTSIDE

                          INSIDE

                          Na+

                          K+

                          Na+

                          Falling phase of the action potential

                          OUTSIDE

                          INSIDE

                          An action potential is propagated

                          An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                          Na+

                          Action potential

                          Na+

                          Action potentialK+

                          The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                          K+

                          Na+

                          Action potentialK+

                          The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                          K+

                          The Action Potential

                          Vertebrate Neuron

                          Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

                          Cell body

                          Schwann cell

                          Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

                          Myelinsheath

                          Axon

                          Action potential propagation down the axon

                          Saltatory conduction

                          VertebrateInvertebrate

                          VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

                          Saltatory conduction

                          Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                          Earthworm in cross-section

                          Nerve cord

                          Earthworm nerve cord

                          Giant escape axons

                          Myelinated neuron

                          Schwann cells

                          Multiple sclerosis

                          Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                          Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                          Presynaptic membrane

                          Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                          Ca2+

                          Postsynaptic membrane

                          Ligand-gatedion channels

                          Synaptic cleft

                          Action potential

                          Postsynaptic membrane

                          Neuro-transmitter

                          Ligand-gatedion channel

                          Na+

                          K+

                          Ca2+

                          Major Neurotransmitters

                          Muscle Contraction

                          Ca2+

                          Stopping the signal

                          eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                          Playing with neurotransmitters

                          NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                          Neurotransmitter Mimic

                          Adding a little extra

                          Playing with neurotransmitters

                          Cholinesterase Inhibition

                          Pesticides

                          Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                          PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                          May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                          PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                          Dursban material safety sheet

                          PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                          May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                          PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                          Dursban material safety sheet

                          Integration

                          Major Neurotransmitters

                          Excitatory

                          Inhibitory

                          Excitatory

                          Inhibitory

                          Stimulate action potential at site of application

                          Inhibit action potential at site of application

                          An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                          Na+

                          Action potential

                          Na+

                          Action potentialK+

                          The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                          K+

                          Na+

                          Action potentialK+

                          The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                          K+

                          InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                          Never this simple

                          More like this

                          The big picture

                          Excitatory

                          Inhibitory

                          To fire or not to fire

                          Axon hillock

                          Axon hillock

                          All or nothing

                          • Slide 1
                          • Slide 2
                          • Slide 3
                          • Slide 4
                          • Slide 5
                          • Slide 6
                          • Slide 7
                          • Slide 8
                          • Slide 9
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                          • Slide 64
                          • Slide 65
                          • Slide 66

                            Nervous Systems

                            Nerve net

                            A little more concentration

                            The vertebrate way

                            A Physiology (Function)

                            The Action Potential

                            Cell Membrane

                            Membrane with gates

                            Microelectrode

                            Referenceelectrode

                            Voltagerecorder

                            ndash70 mV

                            Electrical potential across the membrane

                            OUTSIDE

                            INSIDE

                            + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

                            - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

                            Resting State

                            Cell membrane neuron

                            Potassiumchannel

                            Plasma membrane

                            Na+

                            Inactivationgate

                            Activationgates

                            Sodiumchannel K+

                            Resting State

                            OUTSIDE

                            INSIDE

                            Na+

                            K+

                            Na+

                            Depolarization

                            OUTSIDE

                            INSIDE

                            Na+

                            K+

                            Na+

                            Rising phase of the action potential

                            OUTSIDE

                            INSIDE

                            Na+

                            K+

                            Na+

                            Falling phase of the action potential

                            OUTSIDE

                            INSIDE

                            An action potential is propagated

                            An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                            Na+

                            Action potential

                            Na+

                            Action potentialK+

                            The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                            K+

                            Na+

                            Action potentialK+

                            The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                            K+

                            The Action Potential

                            Vertebrate Neuron

                            Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

                            Cell body

                            Schwann cell

                            Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

                            Myelinsheath

                            Axon

                            Action potential propagation down the axon

                            Saltatory conduction

                            VertebrateInvertebrate

                            VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

                            Saltatory conduction

                            Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                            Earthworm in cross-section

                            Nerve cord

                            Earthworm nerve cord

                            Giant escape axons

                            Myelinated neuron

                            Schwann cells

                            Multiple sclerosis

                            Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                            Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                            Presynaptic membrane

                            Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                            Ca2+

                            Postsynaptic membrane

                            Ligand-gatedion channels

                            Synaptic cleft

                            Action potential

                            Postsynaptic membrane

                            Neuro-transmitter

                            Ligand-gatedion channel

                            Na+

                            K+

                            Ca2+

                            Major Neurotransmitters

                            Muscle Contraction

                            Ca2+

                            Stopping the signal

                            eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                            Playing with neurotransmitters

                            NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                            Neurotransmitter Mimic

                            Adding a little extra

                            Playing with neurotransmitters

                            Cholinesterase Inhibition

                            Pesticides

                            Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                            PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                            May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                            PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                            Dursban material safety sheet

                            PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                            May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                            PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                            Dursban material safety sheet

                            Integration

                            Major Neurotransmitters

                            Excitatory

                            Inhibitory

                            Excitatory

                            Inhibitory

                            Stimulate action potential at site of application

                            Inhibit action potential at site of application

                            An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                            Na+

                            Action potential

                            Na+

                            Action potentialK+

                            The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                            K+

                            Na+

                            Action potentialK+

                            The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                            K+

                            InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                            Never this simple

                            More like this

                            The big picture

                            Excitatory

                            Inhibitory

                            To fire or not to fire

                            Axon hillock

                            Axon hillock

                            All or nothing

                            • Slide 1
                            • Slide 2
                            • Slide 3
                            • Slide 4
                            • Slide 5
                            • Slide 6
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                            • Slide 8
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                            • Slide 65
                            • Slide 66

                              Nerve net

                              A little more concentration

                              The vertebrate way

                              A Physiology (Function)

                              The Action Potential

                              Cell Membrane

                              Membrane with gates

                              Microelectrode

                              Referenceelectrode

                              Voltagerecorder

                              ndash70 mV

                              Electrical potential across the membrane

                              OUTSIDE

                              INSIDE

                              + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

                              - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

                              Resting State

                              Cell membrane neuron

                              Potassiumchannel

                              Plasma membrane

                              Na+

                              Inactivationgate

                              Activationgates

                              Sodiumchannel K+

                              Resting State

                              OUTSIDE

                              INSIDE

                              Na+

                              K+

                              Na+

                              Depolarization

                              OUTSIDE

                              INSIDE

                              Na+

                              K+

                              Na+

                              Rising phase of the action potential

                              OUTSIDE

                              INSIDE

                              Na+

                              K+

                              Na+

                              Falling phase of the action potential

                              OUTSIDE

                              INSIDE

                              An action potential is propagated

                              An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                              Na+

                              Action potential

                              Na+

                              Action potentialK+

                              The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                              K+

                              Na+

                              Action potentialK+

                              The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                              K+

                              The Action Potential

                              Vertebrate Neuron

                              Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

                              Cell body

                              Schwann cell

                              Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

                              Myelinsheath

                              Axon

                              Action potential propagation down the axon

                              Saltatory conduction

                              VertebrateInvertebrate

                              VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

                              Saltatory conduction

                              Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                              Earthworm in cross-section

                              Nerve cord

                              Earthworm nerve cord

                              Giant escape axons

                              Myelinated neuron

                              Schwann cells

                              Multiple sclerosis

                              Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                              Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                              Presynaptic membrane

                              Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                              Ca2+

                              Postsynaptic membrane

                              Ligand-gatedion channels

                              Synaptic cleft

                              Action potential

                              Postsynaptic membrane

                              Neuro-transmitter

                              Ligand-gatedion channel

                              Na+

                              K+

                              Ca2+

                              Major Neurotransmitters

                              Muscle Contraction

                              Ca2+

                              Stopping the signal

                              eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                              Playing with neurotransmitters

                              NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                              Neurotransmitter Mimic

                              Adding a little extra

                              Playing with neurotransmitters

                              Cholinesterase Inhibition

                              Pesticides

                              Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                              PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                              May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                              PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                              Dursban material safety sheet

                              PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                              May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                              PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                              Dursban material safety sheet

                              Integration

                              Major Neurotransmitters

                              Excitatory

                              Inhibitory

                              Excitatory

                              Inhibitory

                              Stimulate action potential at site of application

                              Inhibit action potential at site of application

                              An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                              Na+

                              Action potential

                              Na+

                              Action potentialK+

                              The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                              K+

                              Na+

                              Action potentialK+

                              The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                              K+

                              InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                              Never this simple

                              More like this

                              The big picture

                              Excitatory

                              Inhibitory

                              To fire or not to fire

                              Axon hillock

                              Axon hillock

                              All or nothing

                              • Slide 1
                              • Slide 2
                              • Slide 3
                              • Slide 4
                              • Slide 5
                              • Slide 6
                              • Slide 7
                              • Slide 8
                              • Slide 9
                              • Slide 10
                              • Slide 11
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                              • Slide 60
                              • Slide 61
                              • Slide 62
                              • Slide 63
                              • Slide 64
                              • Slide 65
                              • Slide 66

                                The vertebrate way

                                A Physiology (Function)

                                The Action Potential

                                Cell Membrane

                                Membrane with gates

                                Microelectrode

                                Referenceelectrode

                                Voltagerecorder

                                ndash70 mV

                                Electrical potential across the membrane

                                OUTSIDE

                                INSIDE

                                + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

                                - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

                                Resting State

                                Cell membrane neuron

                                Potassiumchannel

                                Plasma membrane

                                Na+

                                Inactivationgate

                                Activationgates

                                Sodiumchannel K+

                                Resting State

                                OUTSIDE

                                INSIDE

                                Na+

                                K+

                                Na+

                                Depolarization

                                OUTSIDE

                                INSIDE

                                Na+

                                K+

                                Na+

                                Rising phase of the action potential

                                OUTSIDE

                                INSIDE

                                Na+

                                K+

                                Na+

                                Falling phase of the action potential

                                OUTSIDE

                                INSIDE

                                An action potential is propagated

                                An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                Na+

                                Action potential

                                Na+

                                Action potentialK+

                                The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                K+

                                Na+

                                Action potentialK+

                                The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                K+

                                The Action Potential

                                Vertebrate Neuron

                                Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

                                Cell body

                                Schwann cell

                                Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

                                Myelinsheath

                                Axon

                                Action potential propagation down the axon

                                Saltatory conduction

                                VertebrateInvertebrate

                                VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

                                Saltatory conduction

                                Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                                Earthworm in cross-section

                                Nerve cord

                                Earthworm nerve cord

                                Giant escape axons

                                Myelinated neuron

                                Schwann cells

                                Multiple sclerosis

                                Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                                Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                                Presynaptic membrane

                                Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                                Ca2+

                                Postsynaptic membrane

                                Ligand-gatedion channels

                                Synaptic cleft

                                Action potential

                                Postsynaptic membrane

                                Neuro-transmitter

                                Ligand-gatedion channel

                                Na+

                                K+

                                Ca2+

                                Major Neurotransmitters

                                Muscle Contraction

                                Ca2+

                                Stopping the signal

                                eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                Playing with neurotransmitters

                                NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                Adding a little extra

                                Playing with neurotransmitters

                                Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                Pesticides

                                Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                Dursban material safety sheet

                                PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                Dursban material safety sheet

                                Integration

                                Major Neurotransmitters

                                Excitatory

                                Inhibitory

                                Excitatory

                                Inhibitory

                                Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                Na+

                                Action potential

                                Na+

                                Action potentialK+

                                The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                K+

                                Na+

                                Action potentialK+

                                The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                K+

                                InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                Never this simple

                                More like this

                                The big picture

                                Excitatory

                                Inhibitory

                                To fire or not to fire

                                Axon hillock

                                Axon hillock

                                All or nothing

                                • Slide 1
                                • Slide 2
                                • Slide 3
                                • Slide 4
                                • Slide 5
                                • Slide 6
                                • Slide 7
                                • Slide 8
                                • Slide 9
                                • Slide 10
                                • Slide 11
                                • Slide 12
                                • Slide 13
                                • Slide 14
                                • Slide 15
                                • Slide 16
                                • Slide 17
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                                • Slide 20
                                • Slide 21
                                • Slide 22
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                                • Slide 24
                                • Slide 25
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                                • Slide 27
                                • Slide 28
                                • Slide 29
                                • Slide 30
                                • Slide 31
                                • Slide 32
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                                • Slide 34
                                • Slide 35
                                • Slide 36
                                • Slide 37
                                • Slide 38
                                • Slide 39
                                • Slide 40
                                • Slide 41
                                • Slide 42
                                • Slide 43
                                • Slide 44
                                • Slide 45
                                • Slide 46
                                • Slide 47
                                • Slide 48
                                • Slide 49
                                • Slide 50
                                • Slide 51
                                • Slide 52
                                • Slide 53
                                • Slide 54
                                • Slide 55
                                • Slide 56
                                • Slide 57
                                • Slide 58
                                • Slide 59
                                • Slide 60
                                • Slide 61
                                • Slide 62
                                • Slide 63
                                • Slide 64
                                • Slide 65
                                • Slide 66

                                  A Physiology (Function)

                                  The Action Potential

                                  Cell Membrane

                                  Membrane with gates

                                  Microelectrode

                                  Referenceelectrode

                                  Voltagerecorder

                                  ndash70 mV

                                  Electrical potential across the membrane

                                  OUTSIDE

                                  INSIDE

                                  + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

                                  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

                                  Resting State

                                  Cell membrane neuron

                                  Potassiumchannel

                                  Plasma membrane

                                  Na+

                                  Inactivationgate

                                  Activationgates

                                  Sodiumchannel K+

                                  Resting State

                                  OUTSIDE

                                  INSIDE

                                  Na+

                                  K+

                                  Na+

                                  Depolarization

                                  OUTSIDE

                                  INSIDE

                                  Na+

                                  K+

                                  Na+

                                  Rising phase of the action potential

                                  OUTSIDE

                                  INSIDE

                                  Na+

                                  K+

                                  Na+

                                  Falling phase of the action potential

                                  OUTSIDE

                                  INSIDE

                                  An action potential is propagated

                                  An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                  Na+

                                  Action potential

                                  Na+

                                  Action potentialK+

                                  The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                  K+

                                  Na+

                                  Action potentialK+

                                  The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                  K+

                                  The Action Potential

                                  Vertebrate Neuron

                                  Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

                                  Cell body

                                  Schwann cell

                                  Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

                                  Myelinsheath

                                  Axon

                                  Action potential propagation down the axon

                                  Saltatory conduction

                                  VertebrateInvertebrate

                                  VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

                                  Saltatory conduction

                                  Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                                  Earthworm in cross-section

                                  Nerve cord

                                  Earthworm nerve cord

                                  Giant escape axons

                                  Myelinated neuron

                                  Schwann cells

                                  Multiple sclerosis

                                  Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                                  Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                                  Presynaptic membrane

                                  Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                                  Ca2+

                                  Postsynaptic membrane

                                  Ligand-gatedion channels

                                  Synaptic cleft

                                  Action potential

                                  Postsynaptic membrane

                                  Neuro-transmitter

                                  Ligand-gatedion channel

                                  Na+

                                  K+

                                  Ca2+

                                  Major Neurotransmitters

                                  Muscle Contraction

                                  Ca2+

                                  Stopping the signal

                                  eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                  Playing with neurotransmitters

                                  NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                  Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                  Adding a little extra

                                  Playing with neurotransmitters

                                  Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                  Pesticides

                                  Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                  PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                  May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                  PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                  Dursban material safety sheet

                                  PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                  May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                  PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                  Dursban material safety sheet

                                  Integration

                                  Major Neurotransmitters

                                  Excitatory

                                  Inhibitory

                                  Excitatory

                                  Inhibitory

                                  Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                  Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                  An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                  Na+

                                  Action potential

                                  Na+

                                  Action potentialK+

                                  The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                  K+

                                  Na+

                                  Action potentialK+

                                  The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                  K+

                                  InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                  Never this simple

                                  More like this

                                  The big picture

                                  Excitatory

                                  Inhibitory

                                  To fire or not to fire

                                  Axon hillock

                                  Axon hillock

                                  All or nothing

                                  • Slide 1
                                  • Slide 2
                                  • Slide 3
                                  • Slide 4
                                  • Slide 5
                                  • Slide 6
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                                  • Slide 64
                                  • Slide 65
                                  • Slide 66

                                    The Action Potential

                                    Cell Membrane

                                    Membrane with gates

                                    Microelectrode

                                    Referenceelectrode

                                    Voltagerecorder

                                    ndash70 mV

                                    Electrical potential across the membrane

                                    OUTSIDE

                                    INSIDE

                                    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

                                    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

                                    Resting State

                                    Cell membrane neuron

                                    Potassiumchannel

                                    Plasma membrane

                                    Na+

                                    Inactivationgate

                                    Activationgates

                                    Sodiumchannel K+

                                    Resting State

                                    OUTSIDE

                                    INSIDE

                                    Na+

                                    K+

                                    Na+

                                    Depolarization

                                    OUTSIDE

                                    INSIDE

                                    Na+

                                    K+

                                    Na+

                                    Rising phase of the action potential

                                    OUTSIDE

                                    INSIDE

                                    Na+

                                    K+

                                    Na+

                                    Falling phase of the action potential

                                    OUTSIDE

                                    INSIDE

                                    An action potential is propagated

                                    An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                    Na+

                                    Action potential

                                    Na+

                                    Action potentialK+

                                    The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                    K+

                                    Na+

                                    Action potentialK+

                                    The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                    K+

                                    The Action Potential

                                    Vertebrate Neuron

                                    Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

                                    Cell body

                                    Schwann cell

                                    Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

                                    Myelinsheath

                                    Axon

                                    Action potential propagation down the axon

                                    Saltatory conduction

                                    VertebrateInvertebrate

                                    VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

                                    Saltatory conduction

                                    Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                                    Earthworm in cross-section

                                    Nerve cord

                                    Earthworm nerve cord

                                    Giant escape axons

                                    Myelinated neuron

                                    Schwann cells

                                    Multiple sclerosis

                                    Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                                    Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                                    Presynaptic membrane

                                    Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                                    Ca2+

                                    Postsynaptic membrane

                                    Ligand-gatedion channels

                                    Synaptic cleft

                                    Action potential

                                    Postsynaptic membrane

                                    Neuro-transmitter

                                    Ligand-gatedion channel

                                    Na+

                                    K+

                                    Ca2+

                                    Major Neurotransmitters

                                    Muscle Contraction

                                    Ca2+

                                    Stopping the signal

                                    eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                    Playing with neurotransmitters

                                    NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                    Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                    Adding a little extra

                                    Playing with neurotransmitters

                                    Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                    Pesticides

                                    Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                    PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                    May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                    PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                    Dursban material safety sheet

                                    PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                    May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                    PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                    Dursban material safety sheet

                                    Integration

                                    Major Neurotransmitters

                                    Excitatory

                                    Inhibitory

                                    Excitatory

                                    Inhibitory

                                    Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                    Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                    An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                    Na+

                                    Action potential

                                    Na+

                                    Action potentialK+

                                    The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                    K+

                                    Na+

                                    Action potentialK+

                                    The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                    K+

                                    InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                    Never this simple

                                    More like this

                                    The big picture

                                    Excitatory

                                    Inhibitory

                                    To fire or not to fire

                                    Axon hillock

                                    Axon hillock

                                    All or nothing

                                    • Slide 1
                                    • Slide 2
                                    • Slide 3
                                    • Slide 4
                                    • Slide 5
                                    • Slide 6
                                    • Slide 7
                                    • Slide 8
                                    • Slide 9
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                                    • Slide 60
                                    • Slide 61
                                    • Slide 62
                                    • Slide 63
                                    • Slide 64
                                    • Slide 65
                                    • Slide 66

                                      Cell Membrane

                                      Membrane with gates

                                      Microelectrode

                                      Referenceelectrode

                                      Voltagerecorder

                                      ndash70 mV

                                      Electrical potential across the membrane

                                      OUTSIDE

                                      INSIDE

                                      + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

                                      - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

                                      Resting State

                                      Cell membrane neuron

                                      Potassiumchannel

                                      Plasma membrane

                                      Na+

                                      Inactivationgate

                                      Activationgates

                                      Sodiumchannel K+

                                      Resting State

                                      OUTSIDE

                                      INSIDE

                                      Na+

                                      K+

                                      Na+

                                      Depolarization

                                      OUTSIDE

                                      INSIDE

                                      Na+

                                      K+

                                      Na+

                                      Rising phase of the action potential

                                      OUTSIDE

                                      INSIDE

                                      Na+

                                      K+

                                      Na+

                                      Falling phase of the action potential

                                      OUTSIDE

                                      INSIDE

                                      An action potential is propagated

                                      An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                      Na+

                                      Action potential

                                      Na+

                                      Action potentialK+

                                      The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                      K+

                                      Na+

                                      Action potentialK+

                                      The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                      K+

                                      The Action Potential

                                      Vertebrate Neuron

                                      Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

                                      Cell body

                                      Schwann cell

                                      Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

                                      Myelinsheath

                                      Axon

                                      Action potential propagation down the axon

                                      Saltatory conduction

                                      VertebrateInvertebrate

                                      VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

                                      Saltatory conduction

                                      Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                                      Earthworm in cross-section

                                      Nerve cord

                                      Earthworm nerve cord

                                      Giant escape axons

                                      Myelinated neuron

                                      Schwann cells

                                      Multiple sclerosis

                                      Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                                      Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                                      Presynaptic membrane

                                      Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                                      Ca2+

                                      Postsynaptic membrane

                                      Ligand-gatedion channels

                                      Synaptic cleft

                                      Action potential

                                      Postsynaptic membrane

                                      Neuro-transmitter

                                      Ligand-gatedion channel

                                      Na+

                                      K+

                                      Ca2+

                                      Major Neurotransmitters

                                      Muscle Contraction

                                      Ca2+

                                      Stopping the signal

                                      eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                      Playing with neurotransmitters

                                      NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                      Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                      Adding a little extra

                                      Playing with neurotransmitters

                                      Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                      Pesticides

                                      Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                      PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                      May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                      PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                      Dursban material safety sheet

                                      PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                      May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                      PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                      Dursban material safety sheet

                                      Integration

                                      Major Neurotransmitters

                                      Excitatory

                                      Inhibitory

                                      Excitatory

                                      Inhibitory

                                      Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                      Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                      An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                      Na+

                                      Action potential

                                      Na+

                                      Action potentialK+

                                      The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                      K+

                                      Na+

                                      Action potentialK+

                                      The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                      K+

                                      InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                      Never this simple

                                      More like this

                                      The big picture

                                      Excitatory

                                      Inhibitory

                                      To fire or not to fire

                                      Axon hillock

                                      Axon hillock

                                      All or nothing

                                      • Slide 1
                                      • Slide 2
                                      • Slide 3
                                      • Slide 4
                                      • Slide 5
                                      • Slide 6
                                      • Slide 7
                                      • Slide 8
                                      • Slide 9
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                                      • Slide 59
                                      • Slide 60
                                      • Slide 61
                                      • Slide 62
                                      • Slide 63
                                      • Slide 64
                                      • Slide 65
                                      • Slide 66

                                        Membrane with gates

                                        Microelectrode

                                        Referenceelectrode

                                        Voltagerecorder

                                        ndash70 mV

                                        Electrical potential across the membrane

                                        OUTSIDE

                                        INSIDE

                                        + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

                                        - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

                                        Resting State

                                        Cell membrane neuron

                                        Potassiumchannel

                                        Plasma membrane

                                        Na+

                                        Inactivationgate

                                        Activationgates

                                        Sodiumchannel K+

                                        Resting State

                                        OUTSIDE

                                        INSIDE

                                        Na+

                                        K+

                                        Na+

                                        Depolarization

                                        OUTSIDE

                                        INSIDE

                                        Na+

                                        K+

                                        Na+

                                        Rising phase of the action potential

                                        OUTSIDE

                                        INSIDE

                                        Na+

                                        K+

                                        Na+

                                        Falling phase of the action potential

                                        OUTSIDE

                                        INSIDE

                                        An action potential is propagated

                                        An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                        Na+

                                        Action potential

                                        Na+

                                        Action potentialK+

                                        The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                        K+

                                        Na+

                                        Action potentialK+

                                        The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                        K+

                                        The Action Potential

                                        Vertebrate Neuron

                                        Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

                                        Cell body

                                        Schwann cell

                                        Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

                                        Myelinsheath

                                        Axon

                                        Action potential propagation down the axon

                                        Saltatory conduction

                                        VertebrateInvertebrate

                                        VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

                                        Saltatory conduction

                                        Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                                        Earthworm in cross-section

                                        Nerve cord

                                        Earthworm nerve cord

                                        Giant escape axons

                                        Myelinated neuron

                                        Schwann cells

                                        Multiple sclerosis

                                        Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                                        Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                                        Presynaptic membrane

                                        Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                                        Ca2+

                                        Postsynaptic membrane

                                        Ligand-gatedion channels

                                        Synaptic cleft

                                        Action potential

                                        Postsynaptic membrane

                                        Neuro-transmitter

                                        Ligand-gatedion channel

                                        Na+

                                        K+

                                        Ca2+

                                        Major Neurotransmitters

                                        Muscle Contraction

                                        Ca2+

                                        Stopping the signal

                                        eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                        Playing with neurotransmitters

                                        NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                        Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                        Adding a little extra

                                        Playing with neurotransmitters

                                        Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                        Pesticides

                                        Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                        PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                        May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                        PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                        Dursban material safety sheet

                                        PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                        May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                        PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                        Dursban material safety sheet

                                        Integration

                                        Major Neurotransmitters

                                        Excitatory

                                        Inhibitory

                                        Excitatory

                                        Inhibitory

                                        Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                        Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                        An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                        Na+

                                        Action potential

                                        Na+

                                        Action potentialK+

                                        The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                        K+

                                        Na+

                                        Action potentialK+

                                        The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                        K+

                                        InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                        Never this simple

                                        More like this

                                        The big picture

                                        Excitatory

                                        Inhibitory

                                        To fire or not to fire

                                        Axon hillock

                                        Axon hillock

                                        All or nothing

                                        • Slide 1
                                        • Slide 2
                                        • Slide 3
                                        • Slide 4
                                        • Slide 5
                                        • Slide 6
                                        • Slide 7
                                        • Slide 8
                                        • Slide 9
                                        • Slide 10
                                        • Slide 11
                                        • Slide 12
                                        • Slide 13
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                                          Microelectrode

                                          Referenceelectrode

                                          Voltagerecorder

                                          ndash70 mV

                                          Electrical potential across the membrane

                                          OUTSIDE

                                          INSIDE

                                          + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

                                          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

                                          Resting State

                                          Cell membrane neuron

                                          Potassiumchannel

                                          Plasma membrane

                                          Na+

                                          Inactivationgate

                                          Activationgates

                                          Sodiumchannel K+

                                          Resting State

                                          OUTSIDE

                                          INSIDE

                                          Na+

                                          K+

                                          Na+

                                          Depolarization

                                          OUTSIDE

                                          INSIDE

                                          Na+

                                          K+

                                          Na+

                                          Rising phase of the action potential

                                          OUTSIDE

                                          INSIDE

                                          Na+

                                          K+

                                          Na+

                                          Falling phase of the action potential

                                          OUTSIDE

                                          INSIDE

                                          An action potential is propagated

                                          An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                          Na+

                                          Action potential

                                          Na+

                                          Action potentialK+

                                          The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                          K+

                                          Na+

                                          Action potentialK+

                                          The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                          K+

                                          The Action Potential

                                          Vertebrate Neuron

                                          Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

                                          Cell body

                                          Schwann cell

                                          Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

                                          Myelinsheath

                                          Axon

                                          Action potential propagation down the axon

                                          Saltatory conduction

                                          VertebrateInvertebrate

                                          VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

                                          Saltatory conduction

                                          Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                                          Earthworm in cross-section

                                          Nerve cord

                                          Earthworm nerve cord

                                          Giant escape axons

                                          Myelinated neuron

                                          Schwann cells

                                          Multiple sclerosis

                                          Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                                          Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                                          Presynaptic membrane

                                          Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                                          Ca2+

                                          Postsynaptic membrane

                                          Ligand-gatedion channels

                                          Synaptic cleft

                                          Action potential

                                          Postsynaptic membrane

                                          Neuro-transmitter

                                          Ligand-gatedion channel

                                          Na+

                                          K+

                                          Ca2+

                                          Major Neurotransmitters

                                          Muscle Contraction

                                          Ca2+

                                          Stopping the signal

                                          eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                          Playing with neurotransmitters

                                          NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                          Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                          Adding a little extra

                                          Playing with neurotransmitters

                                          Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                          Pesticides

                                          Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                          PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                          May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                          PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                          Dursban material safety sheet

                                          PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                          May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                          PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                          Dursban material safety sheet

                                          Integration

                                          Major Neurotransmitters

                                          Excitatory

                                          Inhibitory

                                          Excitatory

                                          Inhibitory

                                          Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                          Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                          An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                          Na+

                                          Action potential

                                          Na+

                                          Action potentialK+

                                          The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                          K+

                                          Na+

                                          Action potentialK+

                                          The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                          K+

                                          InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                          Never this simple

                                          More like this

                                          The big picture

                                          Excitatory

                                          Inhibitory

                                          To fire or not to fire

                                          Axon hillock

                                          Axon hillock

                                          All or nothing

                                          • Slide 1
                                          • Slide 2
                                          • Slide 3
                                          • Slide 4
                                          • Slide 5
                                          • Slide 6
                                          • Slide 7
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                                          • Slide 65
                                          • Slide 66

                                            OUTSIDE

                                            INSIDE

                                            + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

                                            - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

                                            Resting State

                                            Cell membrane neuron

                                            Potassiumchannel

                                            Plasma membrane

                                            Na+

                                            Inactivationgate

                                            Activationgates

                                            Sodiumchannel K+

                                            Resting State

                                            OUTSIDE

                                            INSIDE

                                            Na+

                                            K+

                                            Na+

                                            Depolarization

                                            OUTSIDE

                                            INSIDE

                                            Na+

                                            K+

                                            Na+

                                            Rising phase of the action potential

                                            OUTSIDE

                                            INSIDE

                                            Na+

                                            K+

                                            Na+

                                            Falling phase of the action potential

                                            OUTSIDE

                                            INSIDE

                                            An action potential is propagated

                                            An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                            Na+

                                            Action potential

                                            Na+

                                            Action potentialK+

                                            The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                            K+

                                            Na+

                                            Action potentialK+

                                            The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                            K+

                                            The Action Potential

                                            Vertebrate Neuron

                                            Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

                                            Cell body

                                            Schwann cell

                                            Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

                                            Myelinsheath

                                            Axon

                                            Action potential propagation down the axon

                                            Saltatory conduction

                                            VertebrateInvertebrate

                                            VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

                                            Saltatory conduction

                                            Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                                            Earthworm in cross-section

                                            Nerve cord

                                            Earthworm nerve cord

                                            Giant escape axons

                                            Myelinated neuron

                                            Schwann cells

                                            Multiple sclerosis

                                            Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                                            Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                                            Presynaptic membrane

                                            Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                                            Ca2+

                                            Postsynaptic membrane

                                            Ligand-gatedion channels

                                            Synaptic cleft

                                            Action potential

                                            Postsynaptic membrane

                                            Neuro-transmitter

                                            Ligand-gatedion channel

                                            Na+

                                            K+

                                            Ca2+

                                            Major Neurotransmitters

                                            Muscle Contraction

                                            Ca2+

                                            Stopping the signal

                                            eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                            Playing with neurotransmitters

                                            NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                            Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                            Adding a little extra

                                            Playing with neurotransmitters

                                            Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                            Pesticides

                                            Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                            PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                            May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                            PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                            Dursban material safety sheet

                                            PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                            May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                            PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                            Dursban material safety sheet

                                            Integration

                                            Major Neurotransmitters

                                            Excitatory

                                            Inhibitory

                                            Excitatory

                                            Inhibitory

                                            Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                            Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                            An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                            Na+

                                            Action potential

                                            Na+

                                            Action potentialK+

                                            The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                            K+

                                            Na+

                                            Action potentialK+

                                            The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                            K+

                                            InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                            Never this simple

                                            More like this

                                            The big picture

                                            Excitatory

                                            Inhibitory

                                            To fire or not to fire

                                            Axon hillock

                                            Axon hillock

                                            All or nothing

                                            • Slide 1
                                            • Slide 2
                                            • Slide 3
                                            • Slide 4
                                            • Slide 5
                                            • Slide 6
                                            • Slide 7
                                            • Slide 8
                                            • Slide 9
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                                            • Slide 63
                                            • Slide 64
                                            • Slide 65
                                            • Slide 66

                                              Potassiumchannel

                                              Plasma membrane

                                              Na+

                                              Inactivationgate

                                              Activationgates

                                              Sodiumchannel K+

                                              Resting State

                                              OUTSIDE

                                              INSIDE

                                              Na+

                                              K+

                                              Na+

                                              Depolarization

                                              OUTSIDE

                                              INSIDE

                                              Na+

                                              K+

                                              Na+

                                              Rising phase of the action potential

                                              OUTSIDE

                                              INSIDE

                                              Na+

                                              K+

                                              Na+

                                              Falling phase of the action potential

                                              OUTSIDE

                                              INSIDE

                                              An action potential is propagated

                                              An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                              Na+

                                              Action potential

                                              Na+

                                              Action potentialK+

                                              The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                              K+

                                              Na+

                                              Action potentialK+

                                              The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                              K+

                                              The Action Potential

                                              Vertebrate Neuron

                                              Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

                                              Cell body

                                              Schwann cell

                                              Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

                                              Myelinsheath

                                              Axon

                                              Action potential propagation down the axon

                                              Saltatory conduction

                                              VertebrateInvertebrate

                                              VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

                                              Saltatory conduction

                                              Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                                              Earthworm in cross-section

                                              Nerve cord

                                              Earthworm nerve cord

                                              Giant escape axons

                                              Myelinated neuron

                                              Schwann cells

                                              Multiple sclerosis

                                              Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                                              Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                                              Presynaptic membrane

                                              Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                                              Ca2+

                                              Postsynaptic membrane

                                              Ligand-gatedion channels

                                              Synaptic cleft

                                              Action potential

                                              Postsynaptic membrane

                                              Neuro-transmitter

                                              Ligand-gatedion channel

                                              Na+

                                              K+

                                              Ca2+

                                              Major Neurotransmitters

                                              Muscle Contraction

                                              Ca2+

                                              Stopping the signal

                                              eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                              Playing with neurotransmitters

                                              NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                              Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                              Adding a little extra

                                              Playing with neurotransmitters

                                              Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                              Pesticides

                                              Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                              PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                              May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                              PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                              Dursban material safety sheet

                                              PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                              May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                              PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                              Dursban material safety sheet

                                              Integration

                                              Major Neurotransmitters

                                              Excitatory

                                              Inhibitory

                                              Excitatory

                                              Inhibitory

                                              Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                              Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                              An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                              Na+

                                              Action potential

                                              Na+

                                              Action potentialK+

                                              The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                              K+

                                              Na+

                                              Action potentialK+

                                              The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                              K+

                                              InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                              Never this simple

                                              More like this

                                              The big picture

                                              Excitatory

                                              Inhibitory

                                              To fire or not to fire

                                              Axon hillock

                                              Axon hillock

                                              All or nothing

                                              • Slide 1
                                              • Slide 2
                                              • Slide 3
                                              • Slide 4
                                              • Slide 5
                                              • Slide 6
                                              • Slide 7
                                              • Slide 8
                                              • Slide 9
                                              • Slide 10
                                              • Slide 11
                                              • Slide 12
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                                              • Slide 63
                                              • Slide 64
                                              • Slide 65
                                              • Slide 66

                                                Na+

                                                K+

                                                Na+

                                                Depolarization

                                                OUTSIDE

                                                INSIDE

                                                Na+

                                                K+

                                                Na+

                                                Rising phase of the action potential

                                                OUTSIDE

                                                INSIDE

                                                Na+

                                                K+

                                                Na+

                                                Falling phase of the action potential

                                                OUTSIDE

                                                INSIDE

                                                An action potential is propagated

                                                An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                Na+

                                                Action potential

                                                Na+

                                                Action potentialK+

                                                The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                K+

                                                Na+

                                                Action potentialK+

                                                The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                K+

                                                The Action Potential

                                                Vertebrate Neuron

                                                Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

                                                Cell body

                                                Schwann cell

                                                Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

                                                Myelinsheath

                                                Axon

                                                Action potential propagation down the axon

                                                Saltatory conduction

                                                VertebrateInvertebrate

                                                VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

                                                Saltatory conduction

                                                Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                                                Earthworm in cross-section

                                                Nerve cord

                                                Earthworm nerve cord

                                                Giant escape axons

                                                Myelinated neuron

                                                Schwann cells

                                                Multiple sclerosis

                                                Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                                                Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                                                Presynaptic membrane

                                                Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                                                Ca2+

                                                Postsynaptic membrane

                                                Ligand-gatedion channels

                                                Synaptic cleft

                                                Action potential

                                                Postsynaptic membrane

                                                Neuro-transmitter

                                                Ligand-gatedion channel

                                                Na+

                                                K+

                                                Ca2+

                                                Major Neurotransmitters

                                                Muscle Contraction

                                                Ca2+

                                                Stopping the signal

                                                eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                                Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                                Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                                Adding a little extra

                                                Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                Pesticides

                                                Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                Dursban material safety sheet

                                                PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                Dursban material safety sheet

                                                Integration

                                                Major Neurotransmitters

                                                Excitatory

                                                Inhibitory

                                                Excitatory

                                                Inhibitory

                                                Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                Na+

                                                Action potential

                                                Na+

                                                Action potentialK+

                                                The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                K+

                                                Na+

                                                Action potentialK+

                                                The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                K+

                                                InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                Never this simple

                                                More like this

                                                The big picture

                                                Excitatory

                                                Inhibitory

                                                To fire or not to fire

                                                Axon hillock

                                                Axon hillock

                                                All or nothing

                                                • Slide 1
                                                • Slide 2
                                                • Slide 3
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                                                • Slide 65
                                                • Slide 66

                                                  Na+

                                                  K+

                                                  Na+

                                                  Rising phase of the action potential

                                                  OUTSIDE

                                                  INSIDE

                                                  Na+

                                                  K+

                                                  Na+

                                                  Falling phase of the action potential

                                                  OUTSIDE

                                                  INSIDE

                                                  An action potential is propagated

                                                  An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                  Na+

                                                  Action potential

                                                  Na+

                                                  Action potentialK+

                                                  The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                  K+

                                                  Na+

                                                  Action potentialK+

                                                  The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                  K+

                                                  The Action Potential

                                                  Vertebrate Neuron

                                                  Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

                                                  Cell body

                                                  Schwann cell

                                                  Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

                                                  Myelinsheath

                                                  Axon

                                                  Action potential propagation down the axon

                                                  Saltatory conduction

                                                  VertebrateInvertebrate

                                                  VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

                                                  Saltatory conduction

                                                  Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                                                  Earthworm in cross-section

                                                  Nerve cord

                                                  Earthworm nerve cord

                                                  Giant escape axons

                                                  Myelinated neuron

                                                  Schwann cells

                                                  Multiple sclerosis

                                                  Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                                                  Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                                                  Presynaptic membrane

                                                  Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                                                  Ca2+

                                                  Postsynaptic membrane

                                                  Ligand-gatedion channels

                                                  Synaptic cleft

                                                  Action potential

                                                  Postsynaptic membrane

                                                  Neuro-transmitter

                                                  Ligand-gatedion channel

                                                  Na+

                                                  K+

                                                  Ca2+

                                                  Major Neurotransmitters

                                                  Muscle Contraction

                                                  Ca2+

                                                  Stopping the signal

                                                  eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                                  Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                  NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                                  Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                                  Adding a little extra

                                                  Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                  Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                  Pesticides

                                                  Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                  PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                  May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                  PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                  Dursban material safety sheet

                                                  PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                  May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                  PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                  Dursban material safety sheet

                                                  Integration

                                                  Major Neurotransmitters

                                                  Excitatory

                                                  Inhibitory

                                                  Excitatory

                                                  Inhibitory

                                                  Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                  Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                  An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                  Na+

                                                  Action potential

                                                  Na+

                                                  Action potentialK+

                                                  The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                  K+

                                                  Na+

                                                  Action potentialK+

                                                  The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                  K+

                                                  InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                  Never this simple

                                                  More like this

                                                  The big picture

                                                  Excitatory

                                                  Inhibitory

                                                  To fire or not to fire

                                                  Axon hillock

                                                  Axon hillock

                                                  All or nothing

                                                  • Slide 1
                                                  • Slide 2
                                                  • Slide 3
                                                  • Slide 4
                                                  • Slide 5
                                                  • Slide 6
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                                                  • Slide 64
                                                  • Slide 65
                                                  • Slide 66

                                                    Na+

                                                    K+

                                                    Na+

                                                    Falling phase of the action potential

                                                    OUTSIDE

                                                    INSIDE

                                                    An action potential is propagated

                                                    An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                    Na+

                                                    Action potential

                                                    Na+

                                                    Action potentialK+

                                                    The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                    K+

                                                    Na+

                                                    Action potentialK+

                                                    The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                    K+

                                                    The Action Potential

                                                    Vertebrate Neuron

                                                    Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

                                                    Cell body

                                                    Schwann cell

                                                    Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

                                                    Myelinsheath

                                                    Axon

                                                    Action potential propagation down the axon

                                                    Saltatory conduction

                                                    VertebrateInvertebrate

                                                    VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

                                                    Saltatory conduction

                                                    Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                                                    Earthworm in cross-section

                                                    Nerve cord

                                                    Earthworm nerve cord

                                                    Giant escape axons

                                                    Myelinated neuron

                                                    Schwann cells

                                                    Multiple sclerosis

                                                    Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                                                    Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                                                    Presynaptic membrane

                                                    Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                                                    Ca2+

                                                    Postsynaptic membrane

                                                    Ligand-gatedion channels

                                                    Synaptic cleft

                                                    Action potential

                                                    Postsynaptic membrane

                                                    Neuro-transmitter

                                                    Ligand-gatedion channel

                                                    Na+

                                                    K+

                                                    Ca2+

                                                    Major Neurotransmitters

                                                    Muscle Contraction

                                                    Ca2+

                                                    Stopping the signal

                                                    eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                                    Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                    NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                                    Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                                    Adding a little extra

                                                    Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                    Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                    Pesticides

                                                    Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                    PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                    May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                    PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                    Dursban material safety sheet

                                                    PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                    May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                    PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                    Dursban material safety sheet

                                                    Integration

                                                    Major Neurotransmitters

                                                    Excitatory

                                                    Inhibitory

                                                    Excitatory

                                                    Inhibitory

                                                    Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                    Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                    An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                    Na+

                                                    Action potential

                                                    Na+

                                                    Action potentialK+

                                                    The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                    K+

                                                    Na+

                                                    Action potentialK+

                                                    The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                    K+

                                                    InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                    Never this simple

                                                    More like this

                                                    The big picture

                                                    Excitatory

                                                    Inhibitory

                                                    To fire or not to fire

                                                    Axon hillock

                                                    Axon hillock

                                                    All or nothing

                                                    • Slide 1
                                                    • Slide 2
                                                    • Slide 3
                                                    • Slide 4
                                                    • Slide 5
                                                    • Slide 6
                                                    • Slide 7
                                                    • Slide 8
                                                    • Slide 9
                                                    • Slide 10
                                                    • Slide 11
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                                                    • Slide 61
                                                    • Slide 62
                                                    • Slide 63
                                                    • Slide 64
                                                    • Slide 65
                                                    • Slide 66

                                                      An action potential is propagated

                                                      An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                      Na+

                                                      Action potential

                                                      Na+

                                                      Action potentialK+

                                                      The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                      K+

                                                      Na+

                                                      Action potentialK+

                                                      The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                      K+

                                                      The Action Potential

                                                      Vertebrate Neuron

                                                      Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

                                                      Cell body

                                                      Schwann cell

                                                      Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

                                                      Myelinsheath

                                                      Axon

                                                      Action potential propagation down the axon

                                                      Saltatory conduction

                                                      VertebrateInvertebrate

                                                      VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

                                                      Saltatory conduction

                                                      Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                                                      Earthworm in cross-section

                                                      Nerve cord

                                                      Earthworm nerve cord

                                                      Giant escape axons

                                                      Myelinated neuron

                                                      Schwann cells

                                                      Multiple sclerosis

                                                      Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                                                      Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                                                      Presynaptic membrane

                                                      Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                                                      Ca2+

                                                      Postsynaptic membrane

                                                      Ligand-gatedion channels

                                                      Synaptic cleft

                                                      Action potential

                                                      Postsynaptic membrane

                                                      Neuro-transmitter

                                                      Ligand-gatedion channel

                                                      Na+

                                                      K+

                                                      Ca2+

                                                      Major Neurotransmitters

                                                      Muscle Contraction

                                                      Ca2+

                                                      Stopping the signal

                                                      eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                                      Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                      NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                                      Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                                      Adding a little extra

                                                      Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                      Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                      Pesticides

                                                      Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                      PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                      May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                      PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                      Dursban material safety sheet

                                                      PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                      May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                      PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                      Dursban material safety sheet

                                                      Integration

                                                      Major Neurotransmitters

                                                      Excitatory

                                                      Inhibitory

                                                      Excitatory

                                                      Inhibitory

                                                      Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                      Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                      An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                      Na+

                                                      Action potential

                                                      Na+

                                                      Action potentialK+

                                                      The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                      K+

                                                      Na+

                                                      Action potentialK+

                                                      The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                      K+

                                                      InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                      Never this simple

                                                      More like this

                                                      The big picture

                                                      Excitatory

                                                      Inhibitory

                                                      To fire or not to fire

                                                      Axon hillock

                                                      Axon hillock

                                                      All or nothing

                                                      • Slide 1
                                                      • Slide 2
                                                      • Slide 3
                                                      • Slide 4
                                                      • Slide 5
                                                      • Slide 6
                                                      • Slide 7
                                                      • Slide 8
                                                      • Slide 9
                                                      • Slide 10
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                                                      • Slide 66

                                                        An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                        Na+

                                                        Action potential

                                                        Na+

                                                        Action potentialK+

                                                        The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                        K+

                                                        Na+

                                                        Action potentialK+

                                                        The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                        K+

                                                        The Action Potential

                                                        Vertebrate Neuron

                                                        Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

                                                        Cell body

                                                        Schwann cell

                                                        Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

                                                        Myelinsheath

                                                        Axon

                                                        Action potential propagation down the axon

                                                        Saltatory conduction

                                                        VertebrateInvertebrate

                                                        VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

                                                        Saltatory conduction

                                                        Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                                                        Earthworm in cross-section

                                                        Nerve cord

                                                        Earthworm nerve cord

                                                        Giant escape axons

                                                        Myelinated neuron

                                                        Schwann cells

                                                        Multiple sclerosis

                                                        Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                                                        Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                                                        Presynaptic membrane

                                                        Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                                                        Ca2+

                                                        Postsynaptic membrane

                                                        Ligand-gatedion channels

                                                        Synaptic cleft

                                                        Action potential

                                                        Postsynaptic membrane

                                                        Neuro-transmitter

                                                        Ligand-gatedion channel

                                                        Na+

                                                        K+

                                                        Ca2+

                                                        Major Neurotransmitters

                                                        Muscle Contraction

                                                        Ca2+

                                                        Stopping the signal

                                                        eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                                        Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                        NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                                        Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                                        Adding a little extra

                                                        Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                        Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                        Pesticides

                                                        Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                        PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                        May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                        PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                        Dursban material safety sheet

                                                        PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                        May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                        PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                        Dursban material safety sheet

                                                        Integration

                                                        Major Neurotransmitters

                                                        Excitatory

                                                        Inhibitory

                                                        Excitatory

                                                        Inhibitory

                                                        Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                        Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                        An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                        Na+

                                                        Action potential

                                                        Na+

                                                        Action potentialK+

                                                        The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                        K+

                                                        Na+

                                                        Action potentialK+

                                                        The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                        K+

                                                        InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                        Never this simple

                                                        More like this

                                                        The big picture

                                                        Excitatory

                                                        Inhibitory

                                                        To fire or not to fire

                                                        Axon hillock

                                                        Axon hillock

                                                        All or nothing

                                                        • Slide 1
                                                        • Slide 2
                                                        • Slide 3
                                                        • Slide 4
                                                        • Slide 5
                                                        • Slide 6
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                                                        • Slide 64
                                                        • Slide 65
                                                        • Slide 66

                                                          The Action Potential

                                                          Vertebrate Neuron

                                                          Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

                                                          Cell body

                                                          Schwann cell

                                                          Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

                                                          Myelinsheath

                                                          Axon

                                                          Action potential propagation down the axon

                                                          Saltatory conduction

                                                          VertebrateInvertebrate

                                                          VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

                                                          Saltatory conduction

                                                          Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                                                          Earthworm in cross-section

                                                          Nerve cord

                                                          Earthworm nerve cord

                                                          Giant escape axons

                                                          Myelinated neuron

                                                          Schwann cells

                                                          Multiple sclerosis

                                                          Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                                                          Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                                                          Presynaptic membrane

                                                          Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                                                          Ca2+

                                                          Postsynaptic membrane

                                                          Ligand-gatedion channels

                                                          Synaptic cleft

                                                          Action potential

                                                          Postsynaptic membrane

                                                          Neuro-transmitter

                                                          Ligand-gatedion channel

                                                          Na+

                                                          K+

                                                          Ca2+

                                                          Major Neurotransmitters

                                                          Muscle Contraction

                                                          Ca2+

                                                          Stopping the signal

                                                          eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                                          Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                          NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                                          Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                                          Adding a little extra

                                                          Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                          Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                          Pesticides

                                                          Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                          PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                          May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                          PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                          Dursban material safety sheet

                                                          PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                          May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                          PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                          Dursban material safety sheet

                                                          Integration

                                                          Major Neurotransmitters

                                                          Excitatory

                                                          Inhibitory

                                                          Excitatory

                                                          Inhibitory

                                                          Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                          Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                          An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                          Na+

                                                          Action potential

                                                          Na+

                                                          Action potentialK+

                                                          The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                          K+

                                                          Na+

                                                          Action potentialK+

                                                          The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                          K+

                                                          InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                          Never this simple

                                                          More like this

                                                          The big picture

                                                          Excitatory

                                                          Inhibitory

                                                          To fire or not to fire

                                                          Axon hillock

                                                          Axon hillock

                                                          All or nothing

                                                          • Slide 1
                                                          • Slide 2
                                                          • Slide 3
                                                          • Slide 4
                                                          • Slide 5
                                                          • Slide 6
                                                          • Slide 7
                                                          • Slide 8
                                                          • Slide 9
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                                                          • Slide 60
                                                          • Slide 61
                                                          • Slide 62
                                                          • Slide 63
                                                          • Slide 64
                                                          • Slide 65
                                                          • Slide 66

                                                            Vertebrate Neuron

                                                            Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

                                                            Cell body

                                                            Schwann cell

                                                            Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

                                                            Myelinsheath

                                                            Axon

                                                            Action potential propagation down the axon

                                                            Saltatory conduction

                                                            VertebrateInvertebrate

                                                            VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

                                                            Saltatory conduction

                                                            Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                                                            Earthworm in cross-section

                                                            Nerve cord

                                                            Earthworm nerve cord

                                                            Giant escape axons

                                                            Myelinated neuron

                                                            Schwann cells

                                                            Multiple sclerosis

                                                            Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                                                            Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                                                            Presynaptic membrane

                                                            Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                                                            Ca2+

                                                            Postsynaptic membrane

                                                            Ligand-gatedion channels

                                                            Synaptic cleft

                                                            Action potential

                                                            Postsynaptic membrane

                                                            Neuro-transmitter

                                                            Ligand-gatedion channel

                                                            Na+

                                                            K+

                                                            Ca2+

                                                            Major Neurotransmitters

                                                            Muscle Contraction

                                                            Ca2+

                                                            Stopping the signal

                                                            eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                                            Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                            NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                                            Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                                            Adding a little extra

                                                            Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                            Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                            Pesticides

                                                            Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                            PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                            May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                            PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                            Dursban material safety sheet

                                                            PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                            May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                            PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                            Dursban material safety sheet

                                                            Integration

                                                            Major Neurotransmitters

                                                            Excitatory

                                                            Inhibitory

                                                            Excitatory

                                                            Inhibitory

                                                            Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                            Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                            An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                            Na+

                                                            Action potential

                                                            Na+

                                                            Action potentialK+

                                                            The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                            K+

                                                            Na+

                                                            Action potentialK+

                                                            The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                            K+

                                                            InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                            Never this simple

                                                            More like this

                                                            The big picture

                                                            Excitatory

                                                            Inhibitory

                                                            To fire or not to fire

                                                            Axon hillock

                                                            Axon hillock

                                                            All or nothing

                                                            • Slide 1
                                                            • Slide 2
                                                            • Slide 3
                                                            • Slide 4
                                                            • Slide 5
                                                            • Slide 6
                                                            • Slide 7
                                                            • Slide 8
                                                            • Slide 9
                                                            • Slide 10
                                                            • Slide 11
                                                            • Slide 12
                                                            • Slide 13
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                                                            • Slide 58
                                                            • Slide 59
                                                            • Slide 60
                                                            • Slide 61
                                                            • Slide 62
                                                            • Slide 63
                                                            • Slide 64
                                                            • Slide 65
                                                            • Slide 66

                                                              Invertebrate Neuron ndash No myelin sheath

                                                              Cell body

                                                              Schwann cell

                                                              Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

                                                              Myelinsheath

                                                              Axon

                                                              Action potential propagation down the axon

                                                              Saltatory conduction

                                                              VertebrateInvertebrate

                                                              VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

                                                              Saltatory conduction

                                                              Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                                                              Earthworm in cross-section

                                                              Nerve cord

                                                              Earthworm nerve cord

                                                              Giant escape axons

                                                              Myelinated neuron

                                                              Schwann cells

                                                              Multiple sclerosis

                                                              Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                                                              Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                                                              Presynaptic membrane

                                                              Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                                                              Ca2+

                                                              Postsynaptic membrane

                                                              Ligand-gatedion channels

                                                              Synaptic cleft

                                                              Action potential

                                                              Postsynaptic membrane

                                                              Neuro-transmitter

                                                              Ligand-gatedion channel

                                                              Na+

                                                              K+

                                                              Ca2+

                                                              Major Neurotransmitters

                                                              Muscle Contraction

                                                              Ca2+

                                                              Stopping the signal

                                                              eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                                              Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                              NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                                              Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                                              Adding a little extra

                                                              Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                              Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                              Pesticides

                                                              Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                              PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                              May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                              PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                              Dursban material safety sheet

                                                              PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                              May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                              PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                              Dursban material safety sheet

                                                              Integration

                                                              Major Neurotransmitters

                                                              Excitatory

                                                              Inhibitory

                                                              Excitatory

                                                              Inhibitory

                                                              Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                              Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                              An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                              Na+

                                                              Action potential

                                                              Na+

                                                              Action potentialK+

                                                              The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                              K+

                                                              Na+

                                                              Action potentialK+

                                                              The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                              K+

                                                              InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                              Never this simple

                                                              More like this

                                                              The big picture

                                                              Excitatory

                                                              Inhibitory

                                                              To fire or not to fire

                                                              Axon hillock

                                                              Axon hillock

                                                              All or nothing

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                                                              • Slide 66

                                                                Cell body

                                                                Schwann cell

                                                                Depolarized region(node of Ranvier)

                                                                Myelinsheath

                                                                Axon

                                                                Action potential propagation down the axon

                                                                Saltatory conduction

                                                                VertebrateInvertebrate

                                                                VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

                                                                Saltatory conduction

                                                                Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                                                                Earthworm in cross-section

                                                                Nerve cord

                                                                Earthworm nerve cord

                                                                Giant escape axons

                                                                Myelinated neuron

                                                                Schwann cells

                                                                Multiple sclerosis

                                                                Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                                                                Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                                                                Presynaptic membrane

                                                                Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                                                                Ca2+

                                                                Postsynaptic membrane

                                                                Ligand-gatedion channels

                                                                Synaptic cleft

                                                                Action potential

                                                                Postsynaptic membrane

                                                                Neuro-transmitter

                                                                Ligand-gatedion channel

                                                                Na+

                                                                K+

                                                                Ca2+

                                                                Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                Muscle Contraction

                                                                Ca2+

                                                                Stopping the signal

                                                                eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                                                Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                                                Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                                                Adding a little extra

                                                                Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                                Pesticides

                                                                Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                                PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                Integration

                                                                Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                Excitatory

                                                                Inhibitory

                                                                Excitatory

                                                                Inhibitory

                                                                Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                                Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                                An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                                Na+

                                                                Action potential

                                                                Na+

                                                                Action potentialK+

                                                                The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                                K+

                                                                Na+

                                                                Action potentialK+

                                                                The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                                K+

                                                                InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                                Never this simple

                                                                More like this

                                                                The big picture

                                                                Excitatory

                                                                Inhibitory

                                                                To fire or not to fire

                                                                Axon hillock

                                                                Axon hillock

                                                                All or nothing

                                                                • Slide 1
                                                                • Slide 2
                                                                • Slide 3
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                                                                • Slide 65
                                                                • Slide 66

                                                                  VertebrateInvertebrate

                                                                  VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

                                                                  Saltatory conduction

                                                                  Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                                                                  Earthworm in cross-section

                                                                  Nerve cord

                                                                  Earthworm nerve cord

                                                                  Giant escape axons

                                                                  Myelinated neuron

                                                                  Schwann cells

                                                                  Multiple sclerosis

                                                                  Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                                                                  Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                                                                  Presynaptic membrane

                                                                  Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                                                                  Ca2+

                                                                  Postsynaptic membrane

                                                                  Ligand-gatedion channels

                                                                  Synaptic cleft

                                                                  Action potential

                                                                  Postsynaptic membrane

                                                                  Neuro-transmitter

                                                                  Ligand-gatedion channel

                                                                  Na+

                                                                  K+

                                                                  Ca2+

                                                                  Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                  Muscle Contraction

                                                                  Ca2+

                                                                  Stopping the signal

                                                                  eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                                                  Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                  NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                                                  Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                                                  Adding a little extra

                                                                  Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                  Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                                  Pesticides

                                                                  Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                                  PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                  May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                  PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                  Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                  PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                  May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                  PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                  Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                  Integration

                                                                  Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                  Excitatory

                                                                  Inhibitory

                                                                  Excitatory

                                                                  Inhibitory

                                                                  Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                                  Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                                  An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                                  Na+

                                                                  Action potential

                                                                  Na+

                                                                  Action potentialK+

                                                                  The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                                  K+

                                                                  Na+

                                                                  Action potentialK+

                                                                  The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                                  K+

                                                                  InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                                  Never this simple

                                                                  More like this

                                                                  The big picture

                                                                  Excitatory

                                                                  Inhibitory

                                                                  To fire or not to fire

                                                                  Axon hillock

                                                                  Axon hillock

                                                                  All or nothing

                                                                  • Slide 1
                                                                  • Slide 2
                                                                  • Slide 3
                                                                  • Slide 4
                                                                  • Slide 5
                                                                  • Slide 6
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                                                                  • Slide 61
                                                                  • Slide 62
                                                                  • Slide 63
                                                                  • Slide 64
                                                                  • Slide 65
                                                                  • Slide 66

                                                                    VertebrateAllows for very rapid transmission of action potential

                                                                    Saltatory conduction

                                                                    Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                                                                    Earthworm in cross-section

                                                                    Nerve cord

                                                                    Earthworm nerve cord

                                                                    Giant escape axons

                                                                    Myelinated neuron

                                                                    Schwann cells

                                                                    Multiple sclerosis

                                                                    Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                                                                    Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                                                                    Presynaptic membrane

                                                                    Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                                                                    Ca2+

                                                                    Postsynaptic membrane

                                                                    Ligand-gatedion channels

                                                                    Synaptic cleft

                                                                    Action potential

                                                                    Postsynaptic membrane

                                                                    Neuro-transmitter

                                                                    Ligand-gatedion channel

                                                                    Na+

                                                                    K+

                                                                    Ca2+

                                                                    Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                    Muscle Contraction

                                                                    Ca2+

                                                                    Stopping the signal

                                                                    eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                                                    Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                    NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                                                    Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                                                    Adding a little extra

                                                                    Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                    Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                                    Pesticides

                                                                    Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                                    PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                    May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                    PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                    Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                    PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                    May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                    PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                    Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                    Integration

                                                                    Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                    Excitatory

                                                                    Inhibitory

                                                                    Excitatory

                                                                    Inhibitory

                                                                    Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                                    Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                                    An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                                    Na+

                                                                    Action potential

                                                                    Na+

                                                                    Action potentialK+

                                                                    The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                                    K+

                                                                    Na+

                                                                    Action potentialK+

                                                                    The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                                    K+

                                                                    InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                                    Never this simple

                                                                    More like this

                                                                    The big picture

                                                                    Excitatory

                                                                    Inhibitory

                                                                    To fire or not to fire

                                                                    Axon hillock

                                                                    Axon hillock

                                                                    All or nothing

                                                                    • Slide 1
                                                                    • Slide 2
                                                                    • Slide 3
                                                                    • Slide 4
                                                                    • Slide 5
                                                                    • Slide 6
                                                                    • Slide 7
                                                                    • Slide 8
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                                                                    • Slide 60
                                                                    • Slide 61
                                                                    • Slide 62
                                                                    • Slide 63
                                                                    • Slide 64
                                                                    • Slide 65
                                                                    • Slide 66

                                                                      Escape Neurons or Giant axons

                                                                      Earthworm in cross-section

                                                                      Nerve cord

                                                                      Earthworm nerve cord

                                                                      Giant escape axons

                                                                      Myelinated neuron

                                                                      Schwann cells

                                                                      Multiple sclerosis

                                                                      Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                                                                      Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                                                                      Presynaptic membrane

                                                                      Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                                                                      Ca2+

                                                                      Postsynaptic membrane

                                                                      Ligand-gatedion channels

                                                                      Synaptic cleft

                                                                      Action potential

                                                                      Postsynaptic membrane

                                                                      Neuro-transmitter

                                                                      Ligand-gatedion channel

                                                                      Na+

                                                                      K+

                                                                      Ca2+

                                                                      Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                      Muscle Contraction

                                                                      Ca2+

                                                                      Stopping the signal

                                                                      eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                                                      Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                      NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                                                      Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                                                      Adding a little extra

                                                                      Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                      Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                                      Pesticides

                                                                      Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                                      PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                      May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                      PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                      Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                      PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                      May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                      PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                      Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                      Integration

                                                                      Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                      Excitatory

                                                                      Inhibitory

                                                                      Excitatory

                                                                      Inhibitory

                                                                      Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                                      Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                                      An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                                      Na+

                                                                      Action potential

                                                                      Na+

                                                                      Action potentialK+

                                                                      The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                                      K+

                                                                      Na+

                                                                      Action potentialK+

                                                                      The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                                      K+

                                                                      InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                                      Never this simple

                                                                      More like this

                                                                      The big picture

                                                                      Excitatory

                                                                      Inhibitory

                                                                      To fire or not to fire

                                                                      Axon hillock

                                                                      Axon hillock

                                                                      All or nothing

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                                                                      • Slide 64
                                                                      • Slide 65
                                                                      • Slide 66

                                                                        Earthworm in cross-section

                                                                        Nerve cord

                                                                        Earthworm nerve cord

                                                                        Giant escape axons

                                                                        Myelinated neuron

                                                                        Schwann cells

                                                                        Multiple sclerosis

                                                                        Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                                                                        Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                                                                        Presynaptic membrane

                                                                        Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                                                                        Ca2+

                                                                        Postsynaptic membrane

                                                                        Ligand-gatedion channels

                                                                        Synaptic cleft

                                                                        Action potential

                                                                        Postsynaptic membrane

                                                                        Neuro-transmitter

                                                                        Ligand-gatedion channel

                                                                        Na+

                                                                        K+

                                                                        Ca2+

                                                                        Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                        Muscle Contraction

                                                                        Ca2+

                                                                        Stopping the signal

                                                                        eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                                                        Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                        NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                                                        Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                                                        Adding a little extra

                                                                        Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                        Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                                        Pesticides

                                                                        Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                                        PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                        May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                        PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                        Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                        PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                        May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                        PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                        Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                        Integration

                                                                        Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                        Excitatory

                                                                        Inhibitory

                                                                        Excitatory

                                                                        Inhibitory

                                                                        Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                                        Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                                        An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                                        Na+

                                                                        Action potential

                                                                        Na+

                                                                        Action potentialK+

                                                                        The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                                        K+

                                                                        Na+

                                                                        Action potentialK+

                                                                        The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                                        K+

                                                                        InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                                        Never this simple

                                                                        More like this

                                                                        The big picture

                                                                        Excitatory

                                                                        Inhibitory

                                                                        To fire or not to fire

                                                                        Axon hillock

                                                                        Axon hillock

                                                                        All or nothing

                                                                        • Slide 1
                                                                        • Slide 2
                                                                        • Slide 3
                                                                        • Slide 4
                                                                        • Slide 5
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                                                                        • Slide 61
                                                                        • Slide 62
                                                                        • Slide 63
                                                                        • Slide 64
                                                                        • Slide 65
                                                                        • Slide 66

                                                                          Earthworm nerve cord

                                                                          Giant escape axons

                                                                          Myelinated neuron

                                                                          Schwann cells

                                                                          Multiple sclerosis

                                                                          Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                                                                          Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                                                                          Presynaptic membrane

                                                                          Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                                                                          Ca2+

                                                                          Postsynaptic membrane

                                                                          Ligand-gatedion channels

                                                                          Synaptic cleft

                                                                          Action potential

                                                                          Postsynaptic membrane

                                                                          Neuro-transmitter

                                                                          Ligand-gatedion channel

                                                                          Na+

                                                                          K+

                                                                          Ca2+

                                                                          Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                          Muscle Contraction

                                                                          Ca2+

                                                                          Stopping the signal

                                                                          eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                                                          Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                          NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                                                          Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                                                          Adding a little extra

                                                                          Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                          Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                                          Pesticides

                                                                          Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                                          PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                          May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                          PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                          Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                          PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                          May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                          PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                          Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                          Integration

                                                                          Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                          Excitatory

                                                                          Inhibitory

                                                                          Excitatory

                                                                          Inhibitory

                                                                          Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                                          Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                                          An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                                          Na+

                                                                          Action potential

                                                                          Na+

                                                                          Action potentialK+

                                                                          The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                                          K+

                                                                          Na+

                                                                          Action potentialK+

                                                                          The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                                          K+

                                                                          InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                                          Never this simple

                                                                          More like this

                                                                          The big picture

                                                                          Excitatory

                                                                          Inhibitory

                                                                          To fire or not to fire

                                                                          Axon hillock

                                                                          Axon hillock

                                                                          All or nothing

                                                                          • Slide 1
                                                                          • Slide 2
                                                                          • Slide 3
                                                                          • Slide 4
                                                                          • Slide 5
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                                                                          • Slide 61
                                                                          • Slide 62
                                                                          • Slide 63
                                                                          • Slide 64
                                                                          • Slide 65
                                                                          • Slide 66

                                                                            Myelinated neuron

                                                                            Schwann cells

                                                                            Multiple sclerosis

                                                                            Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                                                                            Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                                                                            Presynaptic membrane

                                                                            Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                                                                            Ca2+

                                                                            Postsynaptic membrane

                                                                            Ligand-gatedion channels

                                                                            Synaptic cleft

                                                                            Action potential

                                                                            Postsynaptic membrane

                                                                            Neuro-transmitter

                                                                            Ligand-gatedion channel

                                                                            Na+

                                                                            K+

                                                                            Ca2+

                                                                            Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                            Muscle Contraction

                                                                            Ca2+

                                                                            Stopping the signal

                                                                            eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                                                            Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                            NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                                                            Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                                                            Adding a little extra

                                                                            Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                            Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                                            Pesticides

                                                                            Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                                            PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                            May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                            PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                            Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                            PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                            May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                            PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                            Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                            Integration

                                                                            Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                            Excitatory

                                                                            Inhibitory

                                                                            Excitatory

                                                                            Inhibitory

                                                                            Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                                            Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                                            An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                                            Na+

                                                                            Action potential

                                                                            Na+

                                                                            Action potentialK+

                                                                            The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                                            K+

                                                                            Na+

                                                                            Action potentialK+

                                                                            The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                                            K+

                                                                            InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                                            Never this simple

                                                                            More like this

                                                                            The big picture

                                                                            Excitatory

                                                                            Inhibitory

                                                                            To fire or not to fire

                                                                            Axon hillock

                                                                            Axon hillock

                                                                            All or nothing

                                                                            • Slide 1
                                                                            • Slide 2
                                                                            • Slide 3
                                                                            • Slide 4
                                                                            • Slide 5
                                                                            • Slide 6
                                                                            • Slide 7
                                                                            • Slide 8
                                                                            • Slide 9
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                                                                            • Slide 36
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                                                                            • Slide 40
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                                                                            • Slide 56
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                                                                            • Slide 58
                                                                            • Slide 59
                                                                            • Slide 60
                                                                            • Slide 61
                                                                            • Slide 62
                                                                            • Slide 63
                                                                            • Slide 64
                                                                            • Slide 65
                                                                            • Slide 66

                                                                              Multiple sclerosis

                                                                              Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                                                                              Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                                                                              Presynaptic membrane

                                                                              Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                                                                              Ca2+

                                                                              Postsynaptic membrane

                                                                              Ligand-gatedion channels

                                                                              Synaptic cleft

                                                                              Action potential

                                                                              Postsynaptic membrane

                                                                              Neuro-transmitter

                                                                              Ligand-gatedion channel

                                                                              Na+

                                                                              K+

                                                                              Ca2+

                                                                              Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                              Muscle Contraction

                                                                              Ca2+

                                                                              Stopping the signal

                                                                              eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                                                              Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                              NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                                                              Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                                                              Adding a little extra

                                                                              Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                              Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                                              Pesticides

                                                                              Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                                              PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                              May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                              PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                              Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                              PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                              May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                              PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                              Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                              Integration

                                                                              Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                              Excitatory

                                                                              Inhibitory

                                                                              Excitatory

                                                                              Inhibitory

                                                                              Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                                              Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                                              An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                                              Na+

                                                                              Action potential

                                                                              Na+

                                                                              Action potentialK+

                                                                              The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                                              K+

                                                                              Na+

                                                                              Action potentialK+

                                                                              The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                                              K+

                                                                              InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                                              Never this simple

                                                                              More like this

                                                                              The big picture

                                                                              Excitatory

                                                                              Inhibitory

                                                                              To fire or not to fire

                                                                              Axon hillock

                                                                              Axon hillock

                                                                              All or nothing

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                                                                                Passing the signal on ndash The Synapse

                                                                                Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                                                                                Presynaptic membrane

                                                                                Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                                                                                Ca2+

                                                                                Postsynaptic membrane

                                                                                Ligand-gatedion channels

                                                                                Synaptic cleft

                                                                                Action potential

                                                                                Postsynaptic membrane

                                                                                Neuro-transmitter

                                                                                Ligand-gatedion channel

                                                                                Na+

                                                                                K+

                                                                                Ca2+

                                                                                Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                                Muscle Contraction

                                                                                Ca2+

                                                                                Stopping the signal

                                                                                eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                                                                Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                                NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                                                                Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                                                                Adding a little extra

                                                                                Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                                Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                                                Pesticides

                                                                                Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                                                PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                Integration

                                                                                Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                                Excitatory

                                                                                Inhibitory

                                                                                Excitatory

                                                                                Inhibitory

                                                                                Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                                                Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                                                An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                                                Na+

                                                                                Action potential

                                                                                Na+

                                                                                Action potentialK+

                                                                                The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                                                K+

                                                                                Na+

                                                                                Action potentialK+

                                                                                The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                                                K+

                                                                                InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                                                Never this simple

                                                                                More like this

                                                                                The big picture

                                                                                Excitatory

                                                                                Inhibitory

                                                                                To fire or not to fire

                                                                                Axon hillock

                                                                                Axon hillock

                                                                                All or nothing

                                                                                • Slide 1
                                                                                • Slide 2
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                                                                                • Slide 66

                                                                                  Synaptic vesiclescontainingneurotransmitter

                                                                                  Presynaptic membrane

                                                                                  Voltage-gatedCa2+ channel

                                                                                  Ca2+

                                                                                  Postsynaptic membrane

                                                                                  Ligand-gatedion channels

                                                                                  Synaptic cleft

                                                                                  Action potential

                                                                                  Postsynaptic membrane

                                                                                  Neuro-transmitter

                                                                                  Ligand-gatedion channel

                                                                                  Na+

                                                                                  K+

                                                                                  Ca2+

                                                                                  Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                                  Muscle Contraction

                                                                                  Ca2+

                                                                                  Stopping the signal

                                                                                  eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                                                                  Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                                  NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                                                                  Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                                                                  Adding a little extra

                                                                                  Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                                  Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                                                  Pesticides

                                                                                  Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                                                  PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                  May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                  PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                  Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                  PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                  May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                  PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                  Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                  Integration

                                                                                  Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                                  Excitatory

                                                                                  Inhibitory

                                                                                  Excitatory

                                                                                  Inhibitory

                                                                                  Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                                                  Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                                                  An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                                                  Na+

                                                                                  Action potential

                                                                                  Na+

                                                                                  Action potentialK+

                                                                                  The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                                                  K+

                                                                                  Na+

                                                                                  Action potentialK+

                                                                                  The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                                                  K+

                                                                                  InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                                                  Never this simple

                                                                                  More like this

                                                                                  The big picture

                                                                                  Excitatory

                                                                                  Inhibitory

                                                                                  To fire or not to fire

                                                                                  Axon hillock

                                                                                  Axon hillock

                                                                                  All or nothing

                                                                                  • Slide 1
                                                                                  • Slide 2
                                                                                  • Slide 3
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                                                                                    Postsynaptic membrane

                                                                                    Neuro-transmitter

                                                                                    Ligand-gatedion channel

                                                                                    Na+

                                                                                    K+

                                                                                    Ca2+

                                                                                    Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                                    Muscle Contraction

                                                                                    Ca2+

                                                                                    Stopping the signal

                                                                                    eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                                                                    Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                                    NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                                                                    Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                                                                    Adding a little extra

                                                                                    Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                                    Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                                                    Pesticides

                                                                                    Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                                                    PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                    May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                    PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                    Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                    PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                    May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                    PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                    Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                    Integration

                                                                                    Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                                    Excitatory

                                                                                    Inhibitory

                                                                                    Excitatory

                                                                                    Inhibitory

                                                                                    Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                                                    Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                                                    An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                                                    Na+

                                                                                    Action potential

                                                                                    Na+

                                                                                    Action potentialK+

                                                                                    The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                                                    K+

                                                                                    Na+

                                                                                    Action potentialK+

                                                                                    The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                                                    K+

                                                                                    InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                                                    Never this simple

                                                                                    More like this

                                                                                    The big picture

                                                                                    Excitatory

                                                                                    Inhibitory

                                                                                    To fire or not to fire

                                                                                    Axon hillock

                                                                                    Axon hillock

                                                                                    All or nothing

                                                                                    • Slide 1
                                                                                    • Slide 2
                                                                                    • Slide 3
                                                                                    • Slide 4
                                                                                    • Slide 5
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                                                                                    • Slide 64
                                                                                    • Slide 65
                                                                                    • Slide 66

                                                                                      Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                                      Muscle Contraction

                                                                                      Ca2+

                                                                                      Stopping the signal

                                                                                      eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                                                                      Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                                      NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                                                                      Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                                                                      Adding a little extra

                                                                                      Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                                      Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                                                      Pesticides

                                                                                      Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                                                      PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                      May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                      PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                      Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                      PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                      May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                      PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                      Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                      Integration

                                                                                      Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                                      Excitatory

                                                                                      Inhibitory

                                                                                      Excitatory

                                                                                      Inhibitory

                                                                                      Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                                                      Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                                                      An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                                                      Na+

                                                                                      Action potential

                                                                                      Na+

                                                                                      Action potentialK+

                                                                                      The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                                                      K+

                                                                                      Na+

                                                                                      Action potentialK+

                                                                                      The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                                                      K+

                                                                                      InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                                                      Never this simple

                                                                                      More like this

                                                                                      The big picture

                                                                                      Excitatory

                                                                                      Inhibitory

                                                                                      To fire or not to fire

                                                                                      Axon hillock

                                                                                      Axon hillock

                                                                                      All or nothing

                                                                                      • Slide 1
                                                                                      • Slide 2
                                                                                      • Slide 3
                                                                                      • Slide 4
                                                                                      • Slide 5
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                                                                                        Muscle Contraction

                                                                                        Ca2+

                                                                                        Stopping the signal

                                                                                        eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                                                                        Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                                        NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                                                                        Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                                                                        Adding a little extra

                                                                                        Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                                        Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                                                        Pesticides

                                                                                        Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                                                        PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                        May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                        PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                        Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                        PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                        May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                        PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                        Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                        Integration

                                                                                        Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                                        Excitatory

                                                                                        Inhibitory

                                                                                        Excitatory

                                                                                        Inhibitory

                                                                                        Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                                                        Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                                                        An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                                                        Na+

                                                                                        Action potential

                                                                                        Na+

                                                                                        Action potentialK+

                                                                                        The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                                                        K+

                                                                                        Na+

                                                                                        Action potentialK+

                                                                                        The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                                                        K+

                                                                                        InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                                                        Never this simple

                                                                                        More like this

                                                                                        The big picture

                                                                                        Excitatory

                                                                                        Inhibitory

                                                                                        To fire or not to fire

                                                                                        Axon hillock

                                                                                        Axon hillock

                                                                                        All or nothing

                                                                                        • Slide 1
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                                                                                        • Slide 64
                                                                                        • Slide 65
                                                                                        • Slide 66

                                                                                          Ca2+

                                                                                          Stopping the signal

                                                                                          eg Cholinesterase (enzyme)

                                                                                          Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                                          NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                                                                          Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                                                                          Adding a little extra

                                                                                          Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                                          Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                                                          Pesticides

                                                                                          Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                                                          PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                          May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                          PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                          Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                          PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                          May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                          PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                          Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                          Integration

                                                                                          Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                                          Excitatory

                                                                                          Inhibitory

                                                                                          Excitatory

                                                                                          Inhibitory

                                                                                          Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                                                          Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                                                          An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                                                          Na+

                                                                                          Action potential

                                                                                          Na+

                                                                                          Action potentialK+

                                                                                          The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                                                          K+

                                                                                          Na+

                                                                                          Action potentialK+

                                                                                          The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                                                          K+

                                                                                          InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                                                          Never this simple

                                                                                          More like this

                                                                                          The big picture

                                                                                          Excitatory

                                                                                          Inhibitory

                                                                                          To fire or not to fire

                                                                                          Axon hillock

                                                                                          Axon hillock

                                                                                          All or nothing

                                                                                          • Slide 1
                                                                                          • Slide 2
                                                                                          • Slide 3
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                                                                                          • Slide 62
                                                                                          • Slide 63
                                                                                          • Slide 64
                                                                                          • Slide 65
                                                                                          • Slide 66

                                                                                            Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                                            NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                                                                            Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                                                                            Adding a little extra

                                                                                            Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                                            Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                                                            Pesticides

                                                                                            Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                                                            PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                            May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                            PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                            Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                            PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                            May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                            PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                            Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                            Integration

                                                                                            Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                                            Excitatory

                                                                                            Inhibitory

                                                                                            Excitatory

                                                                                            Inhibitory

                                                                                            Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                                                            Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                                                            An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                                                            Na+

                                                                                            Action potential

                                                                                            Na+

                                                                                            Action potentialK+

                                                                                            The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                                                            K+

                                                                                            Na+

                                                                                            Action potentialK+

                                                                                            The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                                                            K+

                                                                                            InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                                                            Never this simple

                                                                                            More like this

                                                                                            The big picture

                                                                                            Excitatory

                                                                                            Inhibitory

                                                                                            To fire or not to fire

                                                                                            Axon hillock

                                                                                            Axon hillock

                                                                                            All or nothing

                                                                                            • Slide 1
                                                                                            • Slide 2
                                                                                            • Slide 3
                                                                                            • Slide 4
                                                                                            • Slide 5
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                                                                                            • Slide 62
                                                                                            • Slide 63
                                                                                            • Slide 64
                                                                                            • Slide 65
                                                                                            • Slide 66

                                                                                              NeurotransmittersPrecursor

                                                                                              Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                                                                              Adding a little extra

                                                                                              Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                                              Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                                                              Pesticides

                                                                                              Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                                                              PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                              May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                              PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                              Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                              PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                              May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                              PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                              Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                              Integration

                                                                                              Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                                              Excitatory

                                                                                              Inhibitory

                                                                                              Excitatory

                                                                                              Inhibitory

                                                                                              Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                                                              Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                                                              An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                                                              Na+

                                                                                              Action potential

                                                                                              Na+

                                                                                              Action potentialK+

                                                                                              The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                                                              K+

                                                                                              Na+

                                                                                              Action potentialK+

                                                                                              The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                                                              K+

                                                                                              InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                                                              Never this simple

                                                                                              More like this

                                                                                              The big picture

                                                                                              Excitatory

                                                                                              Inhibitory

                                                                                              To fire or not to fire

                                                                                              Axon hillock

                                                                                              Axon hillock

                                                                                              All or nothing

                                                                                              • Slide 1
                                                                                              • Slide 2
                                                                                              • Slide 3
                                                                                              • Slide 4
                                                                                              • Slide 5
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                                                                                              • Slide 7
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                                                                                              • Slide 62
                                                                                              • Slide 63
                                                                                              • Slide 64
                                                                                              • Slide 65
                                                                                              • Slide 66

                                                                                                Neurotransmitter Mimic

                                                                                                Adding a little extra

                                                                                                Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                                                Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                                                                Pesticides

                                                                                                Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                                                                PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                                May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                                PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                                Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                                PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                                May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                                PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                                Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                                Integration

                                                                                                Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                                                Excitatory

                                                                                                Inhibitory

                                                                                                Excitatory

                                                                                                Inhibitory

                                                                                                Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                                                                Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                                                                An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                                                                Na+

                                                                                                Action potential

                                                                                                Na+

                                                                                                Action potentialK+

                                                                                                The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                                                                K+

                                                                                                Na+

                                                                                                Action potentialK+

                                                                                                The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                                                                K+

                                                                                                InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                                                                Never this simple

                                                                                                More like this

                                                                                                The big picture

                                                                                                Excitatory

                                                                                                Inhibitory

                                                                                                To fire or not to fire

                                                                                                Axon hillock

                                                                                                Axon hillock

                                                                                                All or nothing

                                                                                                • Slide 1
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                                                                                                  Adding a little extra

                                                                                                  Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                                                  Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                                                                  Pesticides

                                                                                                  Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                                                                  PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                                  May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                                  PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                                  Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                                  PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                                  May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                                  PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                                  Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                                  Integration

                                                                                                  Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                                                  Excitatory

                                                                                                  Inhibitory

                                                                                                  Excitatory

                                                                                                  Inhibitory

                                                                                                  Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                                                                  Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                                                                  An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                                                                  Na+

                                                                                                  Action potential

                                                                                                  Na+

                                                                                                  Action potentialK+

                                                                                                  The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                                                                  K+

                                                                                                  Na+

                                                                                                  Action potentialK+

                                                                                                  The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                                                                  K+

                                                                                                  InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                                                                  Never this simple

                                                                                                  More like this

                                                                                                  The big picture

                                                                                                  Excitatory

                                                                                                  Inhibitory

                                                                                                  To fire or not to fire

                                                                                                  Axon hillock

                                                                                                  Axon hillock

                                                                                                  All or nothing

                                                                                                  • Slide 1
                                                                                                  • Slide 2
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                                                                                                  • Slide 66

                                                                                                    Playing with neurotransmitters

                                                                                                    Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                                                                    Pesticides

                                                                                                    Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                                                                    PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                                    May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                                    PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                                    Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                                    PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                                    May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                                    PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                                    Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                                    Integration

                                                                                                    Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                                                    Excitatory

                                                                                                    Inhibitory

                                                                                                    Excitatory

                                                                                                    Inhibitory

                                                                                                    Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                                                                    Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                                                                    An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                                                                    Na+

                                                                                                    Action potential

                                                                                                    Na+

                                                                                                    Action potentialK+

                                                                                                    The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                                                                    K+

                                                                                                    Na+

                                                                                                    Action potentialK+

                                                                                                    The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                                                                    K+

                                                                                                    InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                                                                    Never this simple

                                                                                                    More like this

                                                                                                    The big picture

                                                                                                    Excitatory

                                                                                                    Inhibitory

                                                                                                    To fire or not to fire

                                                                                                    Axon hillock

                                                                                                    Axon hillock

                                                                                                    All or nothing

                                                                                                    • Slide 1
                                                                                                    • Slide 2
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                                                                                                    • Slide 66

                                                                                                      Cholinesterase Inhibition

                                                                                                      Pesticides

                                                                                                      Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                                                                      PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                                      May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                                      PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                                      Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                                      PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                                      May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                                      PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                                      Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                                      Integration

                                                                                                      Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                                                      Excitatory

                                                                                                      Inhibitory

                                                                                                      Excitatory

                                                                                                      Inhibitory

                                                                                                      Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                                                                      Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                                                                      An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                                                                      Na+

                                                                                                      Action potential

                                                                                                      Na+

                                                                                                      Action potentialK+

                                                                                                      The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                                                                      K+

                                                                                                      Na+

                                                                                                      Action potentialK+

                                                                                                      The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                                                                      K+

                                                                                                      InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                                                                      Never this simple

                                                                                                      More like this

                                                                                                      The big picture

                                                                                                      Excitatory

                                                                                                      Inhibitory

                                                                                                      To fire or not to fire

                                                                                                      Axon hillock

                                                                                                      Axon hillock

                                                                                                      All or nothing

                                                                                                      • Slide 1
                                                                                                      • Slide 2
                                                                                                      • Slide 3
                                                                                                      • Slide 4
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                                                                                                      • Slide 66

                                                                                                        Transmission that doesnrsquot stop

                                                                                                        PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                                        May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                                        PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                                        Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                                        PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                                        May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                                        PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                                        Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                                        Integration

                                                                                                        Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                                                        Excitatory

                                                                                                        Inhibitory

                                                                                                        Excitatory

                                                                                                        Inhibitory

                                                                                                        Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                                                                        Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                                                                        An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                                                                        Na+

                                                                                                        Action potential

                                                                                                        Na+

                                                                                                        Action potentialK+

                                                                                                        The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                                                                        K+

                                                                                                        Na+

                                                                                                        Action potentialK+

                                                                                                        The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                                                                        K+

                                                                                                        InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                                                                        Never this simple

                                                                                                        More like this

                                                                                                        The big picture

                                                                                                        Excitatory

                                                                                                        Inhibitory

                                                                                                        To fire or not to fire

                                                                                                        Axon hillock

                                                                                                        Axon hillock

                                                                                                        All or nothing

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                                                                                                          PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                                          May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                                          PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                                          Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                                          PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                                          May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                                          PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                                          Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                                          Integration

                                                                                                          Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                                                          Excitatory

                                                                                                          Inhibitory

                                                                                                          Excitatory

                                                                                                          Inhibitory

                                                                                                          Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                                                                          Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                                                                          An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                                                                          Na+

                                                                                                          Action potential

                                                                                                          Na+

                                                                                                          Action potentialK+

                                                                                                          The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                                                                          K+

                                                                                                          Na+

                                                                                                          Action potentialK+

                                                                                                          The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                                                                          K+

                                                                                                          InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                                                                          Never this simple

                                                                                                          More like this

                                                                                                          The big picture

                                                                                                          Excitatory

                                                                                                          Inhibitory

                                                                                                          To fire or not to fire

                                                                                                          Axon hillock

                                                                                                          Axon hillock

                                                                                                          All or nothing

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                                                                                                            PRECAUTIONSKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENIN CASE OF ACCIDENT CALL A DOCTORMAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED

                                                                                                            May be absorbed through skin May be irritant to the eyes and skin Avoid contact with eyes and skin Do not wear contaminated clothing until thoroughly washed Wash thoroughly after handling Keep away from food feedstuffs and water supplies

                                                                                                            PRECAUTIONS FOR MIXERSLOADERSMixersloaders must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 chemical-resistant footwear and socks1048707 an air purifying respirator equipped with an -R or -P series filter1048707 a chemical-resistant apronPRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATORSDo not apply with high-pressure handwand equipmentApplicators using ground application equipment with a closed cab must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves when leaving cab for clean-up and repair (gloves must be removed and leftoutside when re-entering the cab)1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using ground application equipment with an open cab must wear1048707 coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt and long pants1048707 chemical-resistant gloves1048707 socks and shoesApplicators using aerial application equipment must use enclosed cockpits and must wear1048707 a long-sleeved shirt and long pants

                                                                                                            Dursban material safety sheet

                                                                                                            Integration

                                                                                                            Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                                                            Excitatory

                                                                                                            Inhibitory

                                                                                                            Excitatory

                                                                                                            Inhibitory

                                                                                                            Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                                                                            Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                                                                            An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                                                                            Na+

                                                                                                            Action potential

                                                                                                            Na+

                                                                                                            Action potentialK+

                                                                                                            The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                                                                            K+

                                                                                                            Na+

                                                                                                            Action potentialK+

                                                                                                            The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                                                                            K+

                                                                                                            InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                                                                            Never this simple

                                                                                                            More like this

                                                                                                            The big picture

                                                                                                            Excitatory

                                                                                                            Inhibitory

                                                                                                            To fire or not to fire

                                                                                                            Axon hillock

                                                                                                            Axon hillock

                                                                                                            All or nothing

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                                                                                                              Integration

                                                                                                              Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                                                              Excitatory

                                                                                                              Inhibitory

                                                                                                              Excitatory

                                                                                                              Inhibitory

                                                                                                              Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                                                                              Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                                                                              An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                                                                              Na+

                                                                                                              Action potential

                                                                                                              Na+

                                                                                                              Action potentialK+

                                                                                                              The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                                                                              K+

                                                                                                              Na+

                                                                                                              Action potentialK+

                                                                                                              The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                                                                              K+

                                                                                                              InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                                                                              Never this simple

                                                                                                              More like this

                                                                                                              The big picture

                                                                                                              Excitatory

                                                                                                              Inhibitory

                                                                                                              To fire or not to fire

                                                                                                              Axon hillock

                                                                                                              Axon hillock

                                                                                                              All or nothing

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                                                                                                              • Slide 66

                                                                                                                Major Neurotransmitters

                                                                                                                Excitatory

                                                                                                                Inhibitory

                                                                                                                Excitatory

                                                                                                                Inhibitory

                                                                                                                Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                                                                                Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                                                                                An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                                                                                Na+

                                                                                                                Action potential

                                                                                                                Na+

                                                                                                                Action potentialK+

                                                                                                                The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                                                                                K+

                                                                                                                Na+

                                                                                                                Action potentialK+

                                                                                                                The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                                                                                K+

                                                                                                                InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                                                                                Never this simple

                                                                                                                More like this

                                                                                                                The big picture

                                                                                                                Excitatory

                                                                                                                Inhibitory

                                                                                                                To fire or not to fire

                                                                                                                Axon hillock

                                                                                                                Axon hillock

                                                                                                                All or nothing

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                                                                                                                  Excitatory

                                                                                                                  Inhibitory

                                                                                                                  Stimulate action potential at site of application

                                                                                                                  Inhibit action potential at site of application

                                                                                                                  An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                                                                                  Na+

                                                                                                                  Action potential

                                                                                                                  Na+

                                                                                                                  Action potentialK+

                                                                                                                  The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                                                                                  K+

                                                                                                                  Na+

                                                                                                                  Action potentialK+

                                                                                                                  The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                                                                                  K+

                                                                                                                  InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                                                                                  Never this simple

                                                                                                                  More like this

                                                                                                                  The big picture

                                                                                                                  Excitatory

                                                                                                                  Inhibitory

                                                                                                                  To fire or not to fire

                                                                                                                  Axon hillock

                                                                                                                  Axon hillock

                                                                                                                  All or nothing

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                                                                                                                    An action potential is generated as Na+ flows inward across the membrane at one location

                                                                                                                    Na+

                                                                                                                    Action potential

                                                                                                                    Na+

                                                                                                                    Action potentialK+

                                                                                                                    The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane re-initiating the action potential there To the left of this region the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward

                                                                                                                    K+

                                                                                                                    Na+

                                                                                                                    Action potentialK+

                                                                                                                    The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane In this way local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon

                                                                                                                    K+

                                                                                                                    InhibitionStronger stimulatory signals are needed to initiate action potential and keep it moving

                                                                                                                    Never this simple

                                                                                                                    More like this

                                                                                                                    The big picture

                                                                                                                    Excitatory

                                                                                                                    Inhibitory

                                                                                                                    To fire or not to fire

                                                                                                                    Axon hillock

                                                                                                                    Axon hillock

                                                                                                                    All or nothing

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                                                                                                                      Never this simple

                                                                                                                      More like this

                                                                                                                      The big picture

                                                                                                                      Excitatory

                                                                                                                      Inhibitory

                                                                                                                      To fire or not to fire

                                                                                                                      Axon hillock

                                                                                                                      Axon hillock

                                                                                                                      All or nothing

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                                                                                                                      • Slide 66

                                                                                                                        More like this

                                                                                                                        The big picture

                                                                                                                        Excitatory

                                                                                                                        Inhibitory

                                                                                                                        To fire or not to fire

                                                                                                                        Axon hillock

                                                                                                                        Axon hillock

                                                                                                                        All or nothing

                                                                                                                        • Slide 1
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                                                                                                                          The big picture

                                                                                                                          Excitatory

                                                                                                                          Inhibitory

                                                                                                                          To fire or not to fire

                                                                                                                          Axon hillock

                                                                                                                          Axon hillock

                                                                                                                          All or nothing

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                                                                                                                            To fire or not to fire

                                                                                                                            Axon hillock

                                                                                                                            Axon hillock

                                                                                                                            All or nothing

                                                                                                                            • Slide 1
                                                                                                                            • Slide 2
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                                                                                                                              Axon hillock

                                                                                                                              All or nothing

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