Transcript
70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
Second Edition, Enhanced
Chapter 7: Windows XP Network Protocols
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Objectives
• Understand networking in Windows XP• Understand Windows XP networking protocols• Configure and use TCP/IP protocols and services• Access NetWare servers and services from
Windows XP• Understand Windows XP Remote tools
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Windows XP Network Overview
• Most versatile Windows operating system• Supports local area network (LAN) connections• Supports emerging wireless technologies• Improved on the remote access support found in
previous versions• Can function as a client, server (limited) or both.• Networking components can be added and
removed
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Network Protocols Supported by Windows XP
• Major protocols:• TCP/IP
• NWLink
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TCP/IP
• All-embracing suite of protocols• Covers a wide range of capabilities• Been around for a long time• Most common networking protocol• Used by the Internet
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TCP/IP Advantages
• Supports networking services better than the other Windows XP protocols
• Multiple routing protocols• Good error detection and handling• Works with most kinds of computers
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TCP/IP Disadvantages
• Not fast• Not easy to use• Requires
• Fair degree of expertise
• Careful planning
• Constant maintenance and attention
• Mass of information and detail work
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NWLink (IPX/SPX)
• Microsoft implementation of Novell’s Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange (IPX/SPX) protocol stack
• Works with the Network Device Interface Specification (NDIS) driver technology
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NetBEUI and DLC
• NetBIOS Extended User Interface (NetBEUI)• Data Link Control (DLC)• Greatly deemphasized in XP
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Networking Under Windows XP
• Controlled by a single multifaceted interface that combines networking access for:• LAN
• Internet
• Modem
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Wireless Networking
• Supports IEEE 802.11 wireless standards• Also known as Wi-Fi networks• Base station
• Supports one or more clients
• NIC• Client must have wireless NIC
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The Windows XP Network Bridge
• Layer 2 bridge between two or more network interfaces
• Connects network segments• No need to purchase separate bridge or router• Only single bridge per system supported• Only similar interfaces can be bridged
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Network Setup Wizard
• Used to configure nondomain networks• Used for small offices and home networks• Step-by-step, walk-through tool• Can be opened from the network tasks list• Wizard on the system to be the ICS host first
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Managing Bindings
• Binding• Order in which Windows XP networking components
are linked
• Affect how the systems behave• Affects system performance• Default behavior:
• Binds any two components that share a common boundary layer
• Known as complete binding
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Advanced Settings dialog box, Adapters and Bindings tab
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TCP/IP Architecture
• Suite of protocols• Internet Protocol
• Provides source and destination addressing and routing
• Addresses• 4 bytes (32 bits) long
• Each octet between 0 and 255
• Connectionless datagram protocol
• Fast but unreliable
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IP Addresses
• Designates network and host• Divided into Classes• Subnet mask:
• Used to block network part of address
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TCP/IP Protocols
• Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)• Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
• Primary Internet transport protocol
• Connection oriented
• Port number• Identifies process
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TCP/IP Protocols (continued)
• User Datagram Protocol (UDP)• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)• Telnet• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)• Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
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TCP/IP Utilities and Services
• Berkeley R Utilities• route command• tracert (or trace route) command• Packet Internet Groper (PING)• Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)• Domain Name System (DNS)• Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS)
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TCP/IP Utilities and Services (continued)
• IPCONFIG• NETSTAT• NBTSTAT
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TCP/IP Configuration
• Performed through the Network Connections tool• Default settings:
• Seek out DHCP server to provide all configuration settings
• Alternate configuration tab• Used when DHCP is not available
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IPv6: Looking To The Future
• Aims to correct the address shortage:• 128-bit addresses
• Improve other aspects of TCP/IP, including:• Security
• Efficiency
• Preliminary support in XP
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Windows XP Remote Tools
• Remote Assistance• Allows a distant user to view your desktop
• Have control over the mouse and keyboard activities
• Remote Desktop• Enables you to access your client’s logon environment
from a remote system
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Remote Assistance
• Designed to simplify the task of training users• Requires invitation
• Invitation expires
• Both machines must be XP• Windows Messenger or MAPI-compliant e-mail
utility required• Uses Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
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Remote Desktop
• Similar to a single client version of Terminal Services
• Workers access work machine from home• Enabled through a component of IIS
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Windows XP and Netware Networks
• NetWare• Developed by Novell
• Popular file and print-sharing network
• Microsoft includes interconnectivity enhancements:• NWLink
• Client Service for NetWare
• File and Print Services for NetWare
• Gateway Services for NetWare
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NetWare Data Storage
• Bindery• Introduced in version 1
• Proprietary database
• Novell Directory Service (NDS)• Introduced in version 4
• Hierarchical database
• Comparable to Active Directory
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Netware Compatibility Components
• NWLink• Microsoft’s implementation of IPX/SPX protocol suite
• Can communicate with all NetWare implementations
• Client Service for NetWare
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NWLink
• IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange) • Connectionless protocol
• Provides quick network transport for most communications
• SPX (Sequenced Packet Exchange) • Connection-oriented protocol
• Provides guaranteed packet delivery
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Client Service for NetWare
• Allows Windows XP computer to access resources on NetWare servers version:• 2.x
• 3.x
• 4.x
• Implements NetWare Core Protocol (NCP) requests for file and print services
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Bindery and NDS Support
• CSNW includes support for both bindery and NDS servers
• Access the bindery for logon authentication• NDS tree
• Hierarchical NDS implementation resembles a tree
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Installing and Configuring Client Service for NetWare
• Installation in:• Local Area Connection Properties dialog box
• Client component• Assign default NetWare tree and context
• Cannot browse for tree and context data
• Not configured through Local Area Connection Properties dialog box
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Connecting To Netware Resources
• Accomplished through My Network Places• Presented with icons for each type of client
installed
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Choosing Appropriate NetWare Client Software
• NetWare Servers > Windows Servers• Novell 32-bit client for Windows.
• Windows Servers > NetWare Servers• Microsoft client for NetWare networks.
• NetWare Servers = Windows Servers• Microsoft client for NetWare networks
• Access to files and printing only• Gateway Services for NetWare on Windows servers
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Interprocess Communication
• Exchange of information between processes• General-purpose mechanism• Defines a way for client computers to request
services from some servers• Permits servers to reply to requests for services• Two categories:
• Programming interfaces
• File system mechanisms
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IPC File System Mechanisms
• Named pipes • Connection-oriented message-passing
• Message’s receiver must acknowledge each message it receives
• Mail slots• Connectionless version of named pipes
• No delivery guarantees
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IPC Programming Interfaces
• NetBIOS• Windows Sockets (Winsock)• Remote Procedure Call (RPC)• Network Dynamic Data Exchange (NetDDE)• Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM)• Windows Network (Wnet)• Win32 Internet API (WinInet)
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Redirectors
• Examines all requests for system resources• Decides whether such requests are local or remote• Workstation service• Server service• Multiple Universal naming convention Provider
(MUP)• Multi-Provider Router (MPR)
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Workstation Service
• Supports client access to network resources • Handles functions such as:
• Logging in
• Connecting to network shares (directories and printers)
• Creating links using Windows XP IPC options
• Elements:• User mode interface
• Redirector
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Server Service
• Handles the creation and management of shared resources
• Performs security checks against requests for such resources
• Elements:• Server.exe
• Srv.sys
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Multiple Universal Naming Convention Provider
• Defines link between applications that make UNC requests for different redirectors
• Allows applications to remain oblivious to number or type of redirectors that might be in use
• Chooses redirectors on basis of highest registered response time
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Universal Naming Convention Names
• Represent the format used in NetBIOS-oriented name resolution systems
• Example: \\computername\sharename\dir-path\filename.ext
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Multi-Provider Router
• Lets applications written to older Microsoft specifications behave as if they were written to conform to UNC naming
• Handles all Win32 Network API calls
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Summary
• TCP/IP provides primary network access
• Windows XP supports and employs numerous subprotocols and utilities associated with TCP/IP
• New networking features and utilities:• Network bridging
• Remote Assistance and Remote Desktop
• Greater support for wireless networking
• Support for upcoming IPv6 protocol
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Summary (continued)
• NetWare support:• NWLink protocol
• Client Service for NetWare (CSNW)
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