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70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional

Second Edition, Enhanced

Chapter 7: Windows XP Network Protocols

Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced 2

Objectives

• Understand networking in Windows XP• Understand Windows XP networking protocols• Configure and use TCP/IP protocols and services• Access NetWare servers and services from

Windows XP• Understand Windows XP Remote tools


Windows XP Network Overview

• Most versatile Windows operating system• Supports local area network (LAN) connections• Supports emerging wireless technologies• Improved on the remote access support found in

previous versions• Can function as a client, server (limited) or both.• Networking components can be added and

removed


Network Protocols Supported by Windows XP

• Major protocols:• TCP/IP

• NWLink


TCP/IP

• All-embracing suite of protocols• Covers a wide range of capabilities• Been around for a long time• Most common networking protocol• Used by the Internet


TCP/IP Advantages

• Supports networking services better than the other Windows XP protocols

• Multiple routing protocols• Good error detection and handling• Works with most kinds of computers


TCP/IP Disadvantages

• Not fast• Not easy to use• Requires

• Fair degree of expertise

• Careful planning

• Constant maintenance and attention

• Mass of information and detail work


NWLink (IPX/SPX)

• Microsoft implementation of Novell’s Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange (IPX/SPX) protocol stack

• Works with the Network Device Interface Specification (NDIS) driver technology


NetBEUI and DLC

• NetBIOS Extended User Interface (NetBEUI)• Data Link Control (DLC)• Greatly deemphasized in XP


Networking Under Windows XP

• Controlled by a single multifaceted interface that combines networking access for:• LAN

• Internet

• Modem


Wireless Networking

• Supports IEEE 802.11 wireless standards• Also known as Wi-Fi networks• Base station

• Supports one or more clients

• NIC• Client must have wireless NIC


The Windows XP Network Bridge

• Layer 2 bridge between two or more network interfaces

• Connects network segments• No need to purchase separate bridge or router• Only single bridge per system supported• Only similar interfaces can be bridged


Network Setup Wizard

• Used to configure nondomain networks• Used for small offices and home networks• Step-by-step, walk-through tool• Can be opened from the network tasks list• Wizard on the system to be the ICS host first


Managing Bindings

• Binding• Order in which Windows XP networking components

are linked

• Affect how the systems behave• Affects system performance• Default behavior:

• Binds any two components that share a common boundary layer

• Known as complete binding


Advanced Settings dialog box, Adapters and Bindings tab


TCP/IP Architecture

• Suite of protocols• Internet Protocol

• Provides source and destination addressing and routing

• Addresses• 4 bytes (32 bits) long

• Each octet between 0 and 255

• Connectionless datagram protocol

• Fast but unreliable


IP Addresses

• Designates network and host• Divided into Classes• Subnet mask:

• Used to block network part of address


TCP/IP Protocols

• Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)• Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

• Primary Internet transport protocol

• Connection oriented

• Port number• Identifies process


TCP/IP Protocols (continued)

• User Datagram Protocol (UDP)• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)• Telnet• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)• Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)


TCP/IP Utilities and Services

• Berkeley R Utilities• route command• tracert (or trace route) command• Packet Internet Groper (PING)• Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)• Domain Name System (DNS)• Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS)


TCP/IP Utilities and Services (continued)

• IPCONFIG• NETSTAT• NBTSTAT


TCP/IP Configuration

• Performed through the Network Connections tool• Default settings:

• Seek out DHCP server to provide all configuration settings

• Alternate configuration tab• Used when DHCP is not available


IPv6: Looking To The Future

• Aims to correct the address shortage:• 128-bit addresses

• Improve other aspects of TCP/IP, including:• Security

• Efficiency

• Preliminary support in XP


Windows XP Remote Tools

• Remote Assistance• Allows a distant user to view your desktop

• Have control over the mouse and keyboard activities

• Remote Desktop• Enables you to access your client’s logon environment

from a remote system


Remote Assistance

• Designed to simplify the task of training users• Requires invitation

• Invitation expires

• Both machines must be XP• Windows Messenger or MAPI-compliant e-mail

utility required• Uses Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)


Remote Desktop

• Similar to a single client version of Terminal Services

• Workers access work machine from home• Enabled through a component of IIS


Windows XP and Netware Networks

• NetWare• Developed by Novell

• Popular file and print-sharing network

• Microsoft includes interconnectivity enhancements:• NWLink

• Client Service for NetWare

• File and Print Services for NetWare

• Gateway Services for NetWare


NetWare Data Storage

• Bindery• Introduced in version 1

• Proprietary database

• Novell Directory Service (NDS)• Introduced in version 4

• Hierarchical database

• Comparable to Active Directory


Netware Compatibility Components

• NWLink• Microsoft’s implementation of IPX/SPX protocol suite

• Can communicate with all NetWare implementations

• Client Service for NetWare


NWLink

• IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange) • Connectionless protocol

• Provides quick network transport for most communications

• SPX (Sequenced Packet Exchange) • Connection-oriented protocol

• Provides guaranteed packet delivery


Client Service for NetWare

• Allows Windows XP computer to access resources on NetWare servers version:• 2.x

• 3.x

• 4.x

• Implements NetWare Core Protocol (NCP) requests for file and print services


Bindery and NDS Support

• CSNW includes support for both bindery and NDS servers

• Access the bindery for logon authentication• NDS tree

• Hierarchical NDS implementation resembles a tree


Installing and Configuring Client Service for NetWare

• Installation in:• Local Area Connection Properties dialog box

• Client component• Assign default NetWare tree and context

• Cannot browse for tree and context data

• Not configured through Local Area Connection Properties dialog box


Connecting To Netware Resources

• Accomplished through My Network Places• Presented with icons for each type of client

installed


Choosing Appropriate NetWare Client Software

• NetWare Servers > Windows Servers• Novell 32-bit client for Windows.

• Windows Servers > NetWare Servers• Microsoft client for NetWare networks.

• NetWare Servers = Windows Servers• Microsoft client for NetWare networks

• Access to files and printing only• Gateway Services for NetWare on Windows servers


Interprocess Communication

• Exchange of information between processes• General-purpose mechanism• Defines a way for client computers to request

services from some servers• Permits servers to reply to requests for services• Two categories:

• Programming interfaces

• File system mechanisms


IPC File System Mechanisms

• Named pipes • Connection-oriented message-passing

• Message’s receiver must acknowledge each message it receives

• Mail slots• Connectionless version of named pipes

• No delivery guarantees


IPC Programming Interfaces

• NetBIOS• Windows Sockets (Winsock)• Remote Procedure Call (RPC)• Network Dynamic Data Exchange (NetDDE)• Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM)• Windows Network (Wnet)• Win32 Internet API (WinInet)


Redirectors

• Examines all requests for system resources• Decides whether such requests are local or remote• Workstation service• Server service• Multiple Universal naming convention Provider

(MUP)• Multi-Provider Router (MPR)


Workstation Service

• Supports client access to network resources • Handles functions such as:

• Logging in

• Connecting to network shares (directories and printers)

• Creating links using Windows XP IPC options

• Elements:• User mode interface

• Redirector


Server Service

• Handles the creation and management of shared resources

• Performs security checks against requests for such resources

• Elements:• Server.exe

• Srv.sys


Multiple Universal Naming Convention Provider

• Defines link between applications that make UNC requests for different redirectors

• Allows applications to remain oblivious to number or type of redirectors that might be in use

• Chooses redirectors on basis of highest registered response time


Universal Naming Convention Names

• Represent the format used in NetBIOS-oriented name resolution systems

• Example: \\computername\sharename\dir-path\filename.ext


Multi-Provider Router

• Lets applications written to older Microsoft specifications behave as if they were written to conform to UNC naming

• Handles all Win32 Network API calls


Summary

• TCP/IP provides primary network access

• Windows XP supports and employs numerous subprotocols and utilities associated with TCP/IP

• New networking features and utilities:• Network bridging

• Remote Assistance and Remote Desktop

• Greater support for wireless networking

• Support for upcoming IPv6 protocol


Summary (continued)

• NetWare support:• NWLink protocol

• Client Service for NetWare (CSNW)

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