Development of visual arts

DEVELOPMENT OF VISUAL ARTS

PRE- HISTORICAL PAINTING

(40, 000 BC – 9, 000 BC)

Paintings were focused on animal

spear and other rudimentary

materials. They were drawn on caves,

stones, and on earth-filled ground. The

drawings or illustrations are primarily

focused on hunting and stylistic

treatment.

GREEK ART

Cave painting at Roca dels Moros, in El Cogul.

Aurochs on a cave painting in Lascaux, France

Mural in the Tomb of the DiverCredit: Velvet

Mural in the Tomb of the DiverCredit: Michael Johanning

Mural in the Tomb of the Diver

1. Formative or Pre-

Greek Period

motif was sea and

nature

2. First Greek Period

largely Egyptian influence

3. Golden Age

(480-400 BC)

4. Hellenistic Period

(4th Century- 1st BC)

heightened individualism,

tragic mood, and contorted

faces (lacaustic painting)

Greek Tomb Mural (from another tomb)

Abduction of Persephone

Chariot Mural (Vergina Tombs)

Chariot Mural (Vergina Tombs)

Hunt Mural (Vergina Tombs)

The subject matters of painting in

Greece were on young wide males,

draped female, wounded soldiers, and scenes from everyday life.

ROMAN ART

FORMS OF ROMAN PAINTING

1. Murals And Panel Portraits Most surviving Roman panel

paintings are Egyptian mummy portraits, prepared upon the subject's death for inclusion in burial. These portraits, which comprise the only large preserved body of ancient panel painting, were produced under the Roman Empire (of which Egypt was a province)

EXAMPLES:

Mummy Portrait from Roman

EgyptCredit: Keith

Schengili-Roberts

Credit: Eloquence

1. Etruscan Period

(2000-1000 BC)

subject matters of painting were

on ancestors worship; catacombs

and sarcophage

Etruscan Mural

Etruscan Mural

2. Roman Period

(2000 BC- 400 AD)

subject matters of painting were

commemorative statues,

sarcophage; frescoes, design with

vine motifs

Roman fresco from Boscoreale, 43–30 BC

Metropolitan Museum of Art

The art served the cult of

ancestors and defied emperors.

Medieval Period

1. Early Christian Art

Early Christian Mural

Early Christian Mural

Early Christian Mural

Early Christian Mural

Early Christian Mural

Subject matters of art were symbols: cross, fish, lamb, alpha and omega, triumphal wreath, grapes, doves, and peacocks and later-haloed Christ, saints and the Virgin Mary, and martyrs. Spiritual expressions took precedence over physical beauty and symbols were emphasized.

2. Byzantine Art

The subject matters of painting were

Christ as the Creator and Mary as the

Mother of God.

Byzantine Icon

Byzantine Icon

Byzantine Icon

Byzantine Icon

Byzantine Icon

3. Gothic Art

Subject matters of painting were

religious and grotesque; more calmer

and plastic style. The picture of the

Madonna and Child gazing into each

other’s eyes in playful mood is an

example of this style.

Madonna and Child, Giotto

Nativity (Life of Christ mural series, Arena Chapel, Padua), Giotto

Adoration of the Magi (Life of Christ mural series, Arena Chapel, Padua), Giotto

Last Supper (Life of Christ mural series, Arena Chapel, Padua), Giotto

Ascension (Life of Christ mural series, Arena Chapel, Padua), Giotto

Christ (Peruzzi Altarpiece), Giotto

FRANCO- FLEMISH PAINTING

Portable easel painting and oil

paintings were utilized. Illustrations

consisting of altar pieces with general

wings that open and close. Children’s

faces were painted like small adults;

spectator was even drawn in the picture.

Landscapes were placed within the

pictures by the open window technique

where faraway landscape of towns,

people and river were seen.

1. RENAISSANCE ART

1. Early Renaissance

(14th-15th Century)

The styles of painting are simplicity

pretty, gestures and expression. Painting

was on man and nature in fresco

technique.

2. High Renaissance

(16th Century)

Its center was in Florence, Venice

and Rome. Painting styles consists of

deepening of pictorial space,

making the sky more dramatic with

the dark clouds and flashes of light.

Da Vinci introduced the

chiaroscuro; Michaelangelo

dramatized the position of figures in

his famous contrapuesto-twists.

3. Mannerism period

Subject matter is on human figure

with the use of oil painting and color.

Colors were sumptuous, warm, and

sensual.

Famous painters in this period were

Giotto, Leonardo Da Vinci, Raphael

Sanzio and Miachaelangelo.

2. BAROQUE ART

• Painting style is ornate and fantastic

appealing to the emotion, sensual and

highly decorative; with light and

shadow for dramatic effect. The

paintings showed figures in diagonal,

twists and zigzags.

• Famous painters included Paul Rubens,

Rembrandt, El Greco, Diego

Velasquez, and Murillo.

3. ROCOCO ART

• The painting emphasized voluptuousness, picturesque, and intimate protection of farm and country. Rococo art technique made use of soft pastel colors rendering the landscape smoking, and hazy with the subject always in the center of the canvas.

• Famous Rococo painters were Watteau, Fragonard, Hogarth, Reynolds, and Ingres.

4. ROMANTIC ART

• The emphasis of painting is on the

painter’s reactions to past events,

landscapes, and people.

• Painting is richer than the Rococo Art.

The famous painter in this period was Francisco Goya.

19th CENTURY PAINTING

(MODERN ART)

1. Impressionists

• Paul Cezanne was the greatest

impressionist and the Father of Modern

Art.

• His efforts were toward the

achievement of simplicity, brilliance,

and perfect balance in art, brightness

of colors and sense of depth in art.

The Bibémus Quarry

Mont Sainte-Victoire Landscape

Mont Sainte-Victoire Landscape

Mont Sainte-Victoire Landscape

Mont Sainte-Victoire Landscape

Provence Mountain Landscape

2. Expressionists

• Vincent Van Gogh was the Father of

Expressionism.

• He used bright, pure colors mixedon

the palette but applied to the canvas

in small dots or strokes replying on the

beholder’s eyes to see them together.

Starry Night (Vincent van Gogh)

3. Simplicity in

art

• Paul Gauguin was simple in his artistic

style.

• He studied the technique of craftsmen,

applied these to his canvas,

simplifying the outline of forms but strong patches of colors.