Computer Fundamental - (Chapter 01 - Introduction to Computer)
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers
Objectives Overview
Explain why computer literacy is vital to success in today’s
world
Define the term, computer, and describe
the relationship between data and
information
Describe the five components of a
computer
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages that users experience when
working with computers
Define the term, network, and identify
benefits of sharing resources on a network
Discuss the uses of the Internet and World
Wide Web
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 2 See Page 3
for Detailed Objectives
Objectives Overview
Distinguish between system software and application software
Differentiate among types, sizes, and
functions of computers in each category
Describe the role of each element in an information system
Explain how home users, small office/home
office users, mobile users, power users, and
enterprise users each interact with computers
Discuss how society uses computers in
education, finance, government, health
care, science, publishing, travel, and
manufacturing
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 3 See Page 3
for Detailed Objectives
• In your opinion, why computer literacy is important in this world?
4 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Thinking Time
Computer Literacy Importance
• Computer literacy or also known as ‘Digital Literacy’
• It involved current knowledge and current understanding of computer and their uses
• The knowledge in computer literacy evolves as the technology changes
• As computer become very important part of everyday life, many people believe that computer literacy is vital to success.
5 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
• In your opinion, what is a computer?
6 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Thinking Time
A World of Computers
• Computers are everywhere
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 7 Pages 4 - 5
Figure 1-1
What Is a Computer?
• A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 8 Page 6
Collects data (input)
Processing Produces
information (output)
Information Processing Cycle
Thinking Time
9 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
•What are the differences between data and information?
The differences between data and information
10 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
•Data is a collection of unprocessed items •The examples of data are
•Text •Numbers •Images •Audio •video
•Information is produced after the computer processed the data •Information conveys meaning •Information is useful to people
Data Information
Examples of how data process into information
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 11 Page 6
Figure 1-2
• What are the components of a computer?
12 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Thinking Time
The Components of a Computer
• A computer have FIVE main components which contains many electric, electronic, and mechanical components known as hardware
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 13 Pages 6 - 8
• Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer Input Device
• Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people
Output Device
• Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data
System Unit
• Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage media
Storage Device
• Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices
Communications Device
The Components of a Computer
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 14 Page 7
Figure 1-3
• What are advantages and disadvantages of computer?
15 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Thinking Time
Advantages of Using Computers
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 16
Speed
Reliability
Consistency
Storage
Communications Pages 9 - 10
A user is anyone who communicates with a computer or utilizes the information it generates.
Computer perform operations at incredible fast speed
Computer are dependable and reliable
Computer consistently generate error-free results
Computer can store enormous amount of data
Computer can share processing with other computer
Disadvantages of Using Computers
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 17
Health Risks
Violation of Privacy
Public Safety
Impact on Labor Force
Impact on Environment
Pages 9 - 10
Prolonged or improper use can lead to injuries or disorder of hands, wrists, elbows, eyes, neck and back
If personal and confidential records were not protected properly, individuals have found their privacy violated and identity stolen.
As user sharing their personal information using computers, the users can be victim to crimes committed by dangerous strangers.
The skills of million employees have been replaced by computers. So it is crucial for workers to keep their education up to date
When computer waste are discarded in landfills, they can release toxic materials and potential dangerous levels of lead, mercury and flame retardants.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers
• Green computing involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer
• Strategies include: – Recycling
– Regulating manufacturing processes
– Extending the life of computers
– Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 18 Page 10
Thinking Time
• What do we call a collection of computers and devices that connected together?
19 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Networks and the Internet
• A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission media
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 20 Pages 10 - 11
Figure 1-6
Networks and the Internet
• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 21 Page 11
Figure 1-7
Networks and the Internet
• People use the Internet for a variety of reasons:
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 22 Pages 12 - 13
Figure 1-8
Communicate Research and Access Information
Shop Bank and Invest Online Trading
Entertainment Download Videos Share Information Web Application
Networks and the Internet
• A social networking Web site encourages members to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos with other registered users
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 23 Page 14
Figure 1-9
• What are computer software that you know?
24 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Thinking Time
Computer Software
• Software, also called a program, tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 25 Pages 15 - 16
Figures 1-10 - 1-11
System Software
• Operating system
• Utility program
Application Software
Computer Software
• Installing is the process of setting up software to work with the computer, printer, and other hardware
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 26 Pages 16 - 17
Figure 1-12
Computer Software
• A programmer develops software or writes the instructions that direct the computer to process data into information
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 27 Page 18
Figure 1-13
• How many type/categories of computer that you know?
28 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Thinking Time
Categories of Computers
Embedded computers
Supercomputers
Mainframes
Servers
Game consoles
Mobile computers and mobile devices
Personal computers
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 29 Page 19
Personal Computers
• A personal computer can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself
• Two popular architectures are the PC and the Apple
– Desktop computer
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 30 Pages 19 - 20
Figures 1-15 - 1-16
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Personal computer you can carry from place to place
Examples include notebook computers, laptop computers, netbooks, ultra-thins, and Tablet PCs
Mobile Computer
Computing device small enough to hold in your hand
Examples include smart phones and PDAs, e-book readers, handheld computers, portable media players, and digital cameras
Mobile Device
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 31 Pages 20 - 23
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Notebook computer
Tablet PC
Smart phones and PDAs
E-book reader
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 32 Pages 20 - 22
Figures 1-17 – 1-20
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Handheld computer
Portable media player
Digital camera
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 33 Pages 22 - 23
Figures 1-21 – 1-23
Game Consoles
• A game console is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 34 Page 24
Figure 1-24
Servers
• A server controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network
– Provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 35 Page 25
Figure 1-25
Mainframes
• A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 36 Page 25
Figure 1-26
Supercomputers
• A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer
– Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing more than one quadrillion instructions in a single second
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 37 Page 25
Figure 1-27
Embedded Computers
• An embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 38 Page 26
Consumer Electronics
• Mobile and digital telephones
• Digital televisions
• Cameras
• Video recorders
• DVD players and recorders
• Answering machines
Home Automation Devices
• Thermostats
• Sprinkling systems
• Security monitoring systems
• Appliances
• Lights
Automobiles
• Antilock brakes
• Engine control modules
• Airbag controller
• Cruise control
Process Controllers and Robotics
• Remote monitoring systems
• Power monitors
• Machine controllers
• Medical devices
Computer Devices and Office Machines
• Keyboards
• Printers
• Faxes
• Copiers
Embedded Computers
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 39 Page 26
Figure 1-28
• Do you know what is Information Systems?
40 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Thinking Time
Elements of an Information System
Hardware Software Data
People Procedures
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 41 Page 27
Elements of an Information System
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 42 Page 27
Figure 1-29
Thinking Time
• How many types of computer user? Which category are you?
43 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Examples of Computer Usage
Home User
• Personal financial management
• Web access
• Communications
• Entertainment
Small Office/Home Office User
• Look up information
• Send and receive e-mail messages
• Make telephone calls
Mobile User
• Connect to other computers on a network or the Internet
• Transfer information
• Play video games
• Listen to music
• Watch movies
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 44 Pages 28 – 31
Figures 1-30 – 1-32
Examples of Computer Usage
Power User
• Work with multimedia
• Use industry-specific software
Enterprise User
• Communicate among employees
• Process high volumes of transactions
• Blog
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 45 Pages 31 – 32
Figures 1-33 – 1-34
Computer Applications in Society
Education
Finance
Government
Health Care
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 46 Pages 34 - 36
Figures 1-36 – 1-39
• How do computer is used/applied in society?
47 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Thinking Time
Computer Applications in Society
Science
Publishing
Travel
Manufacturing Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 48 Pages 36 - 38
Figures 1-40 – 1-43
Video: Computer History in a Barn
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 49
CLICK TO START
Summary
Basic computer concepts
Components of a computer
Networks, the Internet, and computer software
Many different categories of
computers, computer users, and computer
applications in society
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 50 Page 39
Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers
Chapter 1 Complete
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