COMCEC POVERTY OUTLOOK 2014: MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY · Multidimensional Poverty Index . For Building an Interdependent Islamic World . COMCEC STRATEGY . Making Cooperation Work
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3rd Meeting of the Poverty Alleviation Working Group April 10th, 2014 Ankara, Turkey
Making Cooperation Work
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World
COMCEC POVERTY OUTLOOK 2014:
MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY
COMCEC STRATEGY
OUTLINE
1. Multidimensional Poverty
2. Multidimensional Poverty in COMCEC Member Countries
3. High Income COMCEC Countries
4. Upper-Middle Income COMCEC Countries
5. Lower-Middle Income COMCEC Countries
6. Low Income COMCEC Countries
7. Efforts on Poverty Alleviation
8. Concluding Remarks
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY
Multidimensional Poverty
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
Human Development
Multidimensional Poverty
Human Development Index Multidimensional Poverty Index
Multidimensional Poverty
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
multiple overlapping deprivations of the population
Multidimensional Poverty Index
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
Dimensions and Indicators
• Schooling (weight=16.7%) • Child School Attendance (weight=16.7%)
Education (weight=33.3%)
• Child Mortality (weight=16.7%) • Nutrition (weight=16.7%)
Health (weight=33.3%)
• Electricity (weight=5.6%) • Flooring (weight=5.6%) • Asset Ownership (weight=5.6%) • Drinking Water (weight=5.6%) • Improved Sanitation (weight=5.6%) • Cooking Fuel (weight=5.6%)
Living Conditions (weight=33.3%)
Multidimensional Poverty Index
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
The thresholds are:
• Having no household member who has completed 5 years of schooling • Having at least one school-aged child who is not attending school
Education
• Having at least one household member who is malnourished • Having had one or more children die
Health
• Not having electricity • Having a home with a dirt floor • Owning no car, truck or similar motorized vehicle while owning at most one
of the assets: bicycle, motorcycle, radio, refrigirator, telephone or television • Not having access to clean drinking water • Not having access to adequate sanitation • Using dirty cooking fuel (dung, wood or charcoal)
Living Conditions
Multidimensional Poverty Index
Multidimensionally poor:
‣ The deprivation scores for each household are summed
‣ Cut-off point is 33.3%
‣ If household deprivation>=33.3% then the household is
multidimensionally poor
‣ If household deprivation>=50% then the household is severely
multidimensionally poor
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
Multidimensional Poverty Index
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
High income, 10%
Upper-middle income, 26%
Lower-middle income, 38%
Low income, 27%
Share of Income Level Categories for the Countries with Multidimensional Poverty
Source: Created by the Authors, based on data from the UNDP, 2013
Multidimensional Poverty in COMCEC Member Countries
Multidimensional Poverty in COMCEC MCs
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
Share of Income Level Categories for the COMCEC Member Countries with Multidimensional Poverty
Source: Created by the Authors, based on data from the UNDP, 2013
High Income 3%
Low Income 41%
Lower-Middle Income
38%
Upper-Middle Income
18%
Multidimensional Poverty in COMCEC MCs
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Min
Max
Minimum and maximum values of percentage of people who are poor and deprived in …
COMCEC Member Countries with High
Income
GDP Per Capita (PPP)(Current International $), 2012
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with High Income
Source: Created by the Authors, based on data from the World Bank Indicators
0 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000
Bahrain
Oman
Saudi Arabia
U.A.E.
Kuwait
Brunei Darussalam
Qatar
HDI Values
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with High Income
Source: Created by the Authors, based on data from the UNDP, 2013.
0,66
0,68
0,7
0,72
0,74
0,76
0,78
0,8
0,82
0,84
0,86
BruneiDarussalam
Qatar United ArabEmirates
Bahrain Kuwait Saudi Arabia Oman
Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger achieved
Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education Four countries are on-track, two countries are off-track, one is regressing
Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality Two countries are successful, two countries are on-track, three countries are off-track
Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health Four countries are off-track, two countries are on-track, one country is regressing
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with High Income
Achievements on the MDGs
COMCEC Member Countries with Upper-
Middle Income
GDP Per Capita (PPP)(Current International $), 2012
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Upper-Middle Income
Source: Created by the Authors, based on data from the World Bank Indicators
0 4.000 8.000 12.000 16.000 20.000
IraqJordanAlgeria
SurinameMaldives
AlbaniaTunisia
AzerbaijanTurkmenistan
Iran, Islamic…Kazakhstan
LebanonGabon
MalaysiaLibya
Turkey
GHI Values
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Upper-Middle Income
Source: IFPRI, 2013.
Country 1990 1995 2000 2005 2013
Albania 9.2 6 7.8 6.1 5.2
Algeria 7 7.7 5.3 <5 <5
Azerbaijan - 14.5 11.9 5.4 <5
Gabon 9.7 8 7.8 6.9 7.2
Iran, Islamic Rep. 8.5 7.4 6.1 <5 <5
Jordan 5.1 5.2 <5 <5 <5
Kazakhstan - <5 5.3 <5 <5
Lebanon <5 <5 <5 <5 <5
Libya <5 <5 <5 <5 <5
Malaysia 9.5 7.1 6.9 5.8 5.5
Suriname 11.3 9.9 11.1 8.9 6.7
Tunisia <5 <5 <5 <5 <5
Turkey <5 5 <5 <5 <5
Turkmenistan - 10.3 8.6 6.6 <5
HDI Values
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Upper-Middle Income
Source: Created by the Authors, based on data from the UNDP, 2013.
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
Multidimensional Poverty Rates
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Upper-Middle Income
Source: Created by the Authors, based on data from the UNDP, 2013.
00
02
04
06
08
10
12
14
16
Kazakhstan Albania Azerbaijan Turkey Suriname Iraq Jordan Tunisia Maldives
Intensity of Deprivation among the Multi-dimensionally Poor
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Upper-Middle Income
Source: Created by the Authors, based on data from the UNDP, 2013.
00
05
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Contributions of the Dimensions of MPI
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Upper-Middle Income
Source: Created by the Authors, based on data from the UNDP, 2013.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100Contribution ofdeprivation to overallpoverty - LivingStandards (%)
Contribution ofdeprivation to overallpoverty - Health (%)
Contribution ofdeprivation to overallpoverty - Education (%)
People who are poor and deprived in education (% Population)
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Upper-Middle Income
Source: Created by the Authors, based on Alkire et.al., 2013. * Schooling refers to the indicator of “No one has completed five years of schooling” and Child School Attendance refers to the indicator of “At least one school age child not enrolled in school.”
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
People who are poor and deprived in schooling*
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
People who are poor and deprived in child school attendance*
People who are poor and deprived in Health (% Population)
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Upper-Middle Income
Source: Created by the Authors, based on Alkire et.al., 2013. * Child Mortality refers to the indicator of “One or more children have died” and Nutrition refers to the indicator of “At least one member is malnourished.”
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
People who are poor and deprived in child mortality*
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
4,5
People who are poor and deprived in nutrition*
People who are Poor and Deprived in Living Conditions (% Population)
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Upper-Middle Income
Source: Created by the Authors, based on Alkire et.al., 2013.
01
23
45
67
Perce
ntage
of po
pulat
ion
Albania Tunusia Turkey Azerbaijian Iraq Suriname Jordan MaldivesKazakhstan
Electricity Improved Sanitation Drinking WaterFlooring Cooking Fuel Asset Ownership
Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger Eight countries are successful
Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education Seven countries are on-track, four countries are regressing
Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality Five countries are successful, six countries are on-track, five countries are off-track
Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health Two countries are successful, one country is on-track,12 countries are off track, one country is regressing
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Upper-Middle Income
Achievements on the MDGs
COMCEC Member Countries with Lower-
Middle Income
GDP Per Capita (PPP)(Current US$), 2012
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Lower-Middle Income
Source: Created by the Authors, based on data from the World Bank Indicators.
0 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000 6.000 7.000
Senegal
Cote d'Ivoire
Sudan
Cameroon
Yemen, Rep.
Mauritania
Nigeria
Pakistan
Guyana
Uzbekistan
Indonesia
Morocco
Syrian Arab Republic
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Poverty Headcount Ratio at US$1.25 a day (PPP) (%)
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Lower-Middle Income
Source: Created by the Authors, based on data from the World Bank Indicators.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
GHI Values
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Lower-Middle Income
Source: IFPRI, 2013.
Country 1990 1995 2000 2005 2013 Cameroon 23.7 23.8 20.3 16.3 14.5 Côte d'Ivoire 16.3 16.5 17.3 16.4 16.1 Djibouti 33.5 28.5 27.7 24.0 19.5 Egypt 7.0 6.2 5.2 <5 <5 Guyana 14.3 10.2 8.2 8.0 6.6 Indonesia 19.7 16.9 15.5 14.6 10.1 Mauritania 22.7 16.2 17.2 14.6 13.2 Morocco 7.8 6.9 6.2 6.5 <5 Nigeria 25.3 22.6 17.9 16.3 15.0 Pakistan 25.9 22.8 21.6 21.2 19.3 Senegal 18.1 19.8 19.2 13.7 13.8 Sudan 31.1 25.7 27.2 24.7 27.0 Syrian 7.7 6.1 <5 5.1 <5 Uzbekistan - 8.3 9.3 6.6 5.3 Yemen 29.8 27.7 26.9 27.9 26.5
HDI Values
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Lower-Middle Income
Source: Created by the Authors, based on data from the UNDP, 2013.
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
Multidimensional Poverty Rates
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Lower-Middle Income
Source: Created by the Authors, based on data from the UNDP, 2013.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Intensity of Deprivation among the Multi-dimensionally Poor
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Lower-Middle Income
Source: Created by the Authors, based on data from the UNDP, 2013.
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
Contributions of the Dimensions of MPI
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Lower-Middle Income
Source: Created by the Authors, based on data from the UNDP, 2013.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Living Conditions
Health
Education
People who are Poor and Deprived in Education (% population)
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Lower-Middle Income
Source: Created by the Authors, based on Alkire et.al., 2013. * Schooling refers to the indicator of “No one has completed five years of schooling” and Child School Attendance refers to the indicator of “At least one school age child not enrolled in school.”
0 10 20 30 40
PalestineUzbekistan
GuyanaSyria
EgyptIndonesiaMorocco
YemenDjibouti
PakistanCameroon
NigeriaCote d'Ivoire
SenegalMauritania
People who are poor and deprived in schooling*
0 20 40 60
PalestineUzbeki…
GuyanaSyria
EgyptIndone…
MoroccoDjibouti
Camer…Nigeria
PakistanMaurit…
YemenCote…
Senegal
People who are poor and deprived in child school attendance*
People who are Poor and Deprived in Health (% Population)
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Lower-Middle Income
Source: Created by the Authors, based on Alkire et.al., 2013. * Child Mortality refers to the indicator of “One or more children have died” and Nutrition refers to the indicator of “At least one member is malnourished.”
0 10 20 30 40 50
PalestineUzbekis…
SyriaEgypt
GuyanaDjibouti
IndonesiaMaurita…
PakistanCamero…NigeriaYemen
Cote…Senegal
People who are poor and deprived in child mortality *
0 20 40 60
PalestineUzbekistan
EgyptSyria
MoroccoGuyana
CameroonDjibouti
MauritaniaNigeria
Senegal
People who are poor and deprived in nutrition*
People who are Poor and Deprived in Living Conditions (% Populations)
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Lower-Middle Income
5
Source: Created by the Authors, based on Alkire et.al., 2013.
010
2030
4050
60
Perce
ntage
of po
pulat
ion
Palestine
Uzbekistan
Syria Egypt
Guyana
Djibouti
Indonesia
Mauritania
Pakistan
CameroonNigeria
Yemen
Cote d'Ivoire
Senegal
Morocco
Electricity Improved Sanitation Drinking WaterFlooring Cooking Fuel Asset Ownership
Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger Three countries are successful, Three countries are on-track, three countries are regressing
Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education Four countries are on-track, Six countries are off-track, Four countries are regressing
Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality Ten countries are off-track, Four countries are off-track, one country is successful
Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health Seven countries are off-track, six countries are on-track, two countries are regressive
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Lower-Middle Income
Achievements on the MDGs
COMCEC Member Countries with Low
Income
GDP Per Capita (PPP)(Current US$), 2012
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Low Income
Source: Created by the Authors, based on data from the World Bank Indicators.
0 500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500
NigerMozambique
TogoGuinea
Guinea-BissauMali
ComorosUganda
Sierra LeoneBurkina Faso
BeninAfghanistanBangladesh
GambiaChad
TajikistanKyrgyzstan
Poverty Headcount Ratio at US$1.25 a day (PPP) (%)
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Low Income
Source: Created by the Authors, based on data from the World Bank Indicators.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
GHI Values
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Low Income
Source: IFPRI, 2013.
1990 1995 2000 2005 2013 Bangladesh 36.7 35.1 24.0 20.2 19.4 Benin 22.5 20.5 17.3 15.2 13.3 Burkina Faso 26.9 22.7 26.1 26.6 22.2 Chad 38.8 34.9 29.8 29.7 26.9 Comoros 24.0 27.5 33.3 29.8 33.6 The Gambia 19.1 20.4 16.1 15.6 14.0 Guinea 21.4 21.2 22.4 18.2 16.9 Guinea-Bissau 21.7 20.8 20.6 17.7 14.3 Kyrgyz Republic - 9.3 8.8 5.3 <5 Mali 27.4 26.9 24.3 20.7 14.8 Mozambique 36.0 32.0 28.5 25.1 21.5 Niger 36.4 34.6 30.3 25.6 20.3 Sierra Leone 31.3 29.5 30.0 28.4 22.8 Somalia - - - - - Tajikistan - 21.2 22.6 19.0 16.3 Togo 23.0 19.1 20.4 18.2 14.7 Uganda 21.4 22.9 19.9 18.6 19.2
HDI Values
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Low Income
Source: Created by the Authors, based on data from the UNDP, 2013.
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
Multidimensional Poverty Rate
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Low Income
Source: Created by the Authors, based on data from the UNDP, 2013.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Intensity of Deprivation among the Multi-dimensionally Poor
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Low Income
Source: Created by the Authors, based on data from the UNDP, 2013.
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Contributions of the Dimensions of MPI
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Upper-Middle Income
Source: Created by the Authors, based on data from the UNDP, 2013.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Living Conditions
Health
Education
People who are Poor and Deprived in Education (% population)
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Low Income
Source: Created by the Authors, based on Alkire et.al., 2013. * Schooling refers to the indicator of “No one has completed five years of schooling” and Child School Attendance refers to the indicator of “At least one school age child not enrolled in school.”
0 20 40 60 80
Tajikist…Kyrgyz…
UgandaTogo
Bangla…Gambia
Sierra…ChadBeninMoza…
GuineaBurkin…
MaliSomalia
Niger
People who are poor and deprived in schooling*
0 20 40 60 80
KyrgyzstanTajikistanBanglad…Uganda
TogoMozambi…Gambia
BeninSierra…
SomaliaGuinea
MaliBurkina…
Niger
People who are poor and deprived in child school attendance*
People who are Poor and Deprived in Health (% population)
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Low Income
Source: Created by the Authors, based on Alkire et.al., 2013. * Child Mortality refers to the indicator of “One or more children have died” and Nutrition refers to the indicator of “At least one member is malnourished.”
0 20 40 60
ChadTajikistan
BangladeshTogo
SomaliaBenin
GambiaSierra Leone
UgandaBurkina Faso
MaliGuinea
MozambiqueNiger
People who are poor and deprived in child mortality*
0 10 20 30 40
KyrgyzstanTajikistan
ChadSierra Leone
GuineaTogo
GambiaBeninNiger
SomaliaUganda
MaliBangladesh
Burkina Faso
People who are poor and deprived in nutrition*
People who are Poor and Deprived in Living Conditions
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Low Income
Source: Created by the Authors, based on Alkire et.al., 2013.
010
2030
4050
6070
8090
100
Perce
ntage
of po
pulat
ion
Kyrgyzs
tanChad
Tajikista
n
BangladeshTogo
SomaliaBenin
Gambia
Sierra Leone
Uganda
Burkina Faso Mali
Guinea
MozambiqueNiger
Electricity Improved Sanitation Drinking WaterFlooring Cooking Fuel Asset Ownership
Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger One country is successful, four countries are on-track, five countries are off-track, three is regressing
Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education Two countries are on-track, eleven countries are off-track, one country is regressing
Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality One country is successful, six countries are on-track, ten countries are off-track
Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health Two countries are on-track,14 countries are off track, 2 countries are regressing
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Member Countries with Low Income
Achievements on the MDGs
EFFORTS ON POVERTY
ALLEVIATION
Global Efforts on Poverty Alleviation
Major Programs and Strategies
‣ Millennium Development Goals
‣ Poverty Reduction Strategies of The World Bank and the International
Monetary Fund
‣ Official Development Assistance
‣ Micro-Finance Activities
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
Efforts on Poverty Alleviation in the COMCEC Region
‣ The COMCEC Strategy
‣ Islamic Solidarity Fund for Development and Special Program for
Development of Africa
‣ OIC Cotton Program
‣ Vocational Education and Training Programme
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
COMCEC Strategy and Poverty Alleviation
Strategic Objective:
o Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger in the member
countries Output Areas:
‣ Aid Effectiveness
‣ Productive Capacity of the Poor
‣ Effective Utilization of Financial Resources
‣ Monitoring Poverty
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
CONCLUDING REMARKS
Concluding Remarks
‣ Monetary poverty is relevant
‣ Non-monetary poverty is devastating
‣ 32 percent of the COMCEC population live under
multidimensional poverty
‣ Highest deprivations are in cooking fuel, electricity and improved
sanitation
‣ Deprivations in school attendance and child mortality are more than
20 percent for the one-third of the member countries
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
Concluding Remarks
‣ Education and health services should be improved
‣ Efforts towards reducing poverty in the COMCEC region should
focus on the regional and national disparities
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY Making Cooperation Work
3rd Meeting of the Poverty Alleviation Working Group
Thank You
April 10th, 2014 Ankara, Turkey
Making Cooperation Work
For Building an Interdependent Islamic World COMCEC STRATEGY
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