Chemical C ycles

Chemical Cycles

• Mrs. Frizzle Video

The Water Cycle

• How and in what form does carbon enter and leave the cycle?

• How do the roles of autotrophs and heterotrophs differ?

• What are the human impacts on the cycle?

• Carbon Cycle Video

Carbon Cycle

Carbon Cycle

The Carbon Cycle

• How and in what form does carbon enter and leave the cycle?

• How do the roles of autotrophs and heterotrophs differ?

• What are the human impacts on the cycle?

• Carbon cycle game

• Nitrogen Cycle Video

Nitrogen Cycle

Fig 3-19

Nitrogen fixation: Bacteria in root nodules of legumesAn example of mutualism

The Nitrogen Cycle

• How and in what form(s) does nitrogen enter and leave the cycle?

• How do the roles of autotrophs and heterotrophs differ?

• What are the human impacts on the cycle?

Phosphorus Cycle

A bloom of Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria

Anabaena Microcystis

• The End

103

Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

Ca Calcium

20 * Atomic number

Environmentally important trace elements

Element reiatively abundant in the Earth`s crust

Name

Element symbol

Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lw

Cerium Praseody- mium

Thorium Protactin- -ium

Neodym- ium

Uranium

Prometh- ium

Neptun- -ium

Samarium

Plutonium

Europium

Americium

Gadolin- ium

Curium

Terbium

Berkelium

Dyspros- ium

Californ- ium

Holmium

Einstein- ium

Erbium

Fermium

Thulium

Mendelev- ium

Ytterbium

Nobellium

Lutetium

Lawren- cium

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Tb

H

Li Be

Na Mg Ar

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po

Hydrogen

Lithium Beryllium

Sodium Magnes -ium Silicon

Potassium

Rubidium

Cesium

Calcium

Strontium

Barium

Scandium

Yttrium

Lanthanum

Titanium

Zirconium

Hafnium

Vanadium

Niobium

Molybde -num

Tantalum

Chromium

Tungsten

Technet -ium

Rhenium

Iron

Ruthenium

Osmium

Cobalt

Rhodium

Iridium

Nickel

Palladium

Platinum

Copper

Silver

Gold

Zinc

Cadmium

Mercury

Indium

Thallium

Tin

Lead Bismuth Polonium

1

3 4

11 12

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

37 38 39

55 56 57

40

72

41

73

42

74

43

75

44

76

45

77

46

78

47

79

48

80

49

81

50

82 83 84

87 88 89

Manganese

* *

* * *

Fr Ra Ac Francium Radium Actinium

He

C N O Ne

Al Si P S Cl

Ga Ge Se Br Kr

Sb Te Xe

Helium

Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Neon

Aluminum Phospho -rus Sulfur Chlorine Argon

Gallium Germanium

Antimony

Selenium

Tellurium

Bromine Krypton

Xenon

31

5 6

13 14

32

15

7 8

16 17

2

10

18

34 35 36

51 52 54

At Rn Astatine Radon

85 86

Th Pa U

B Boron

Required for all life = Required for some life-forms = Moderately toxic: either slightly toxic to all life or highly toxic to a few forms = Highly toxic to all organisms, even in low concentrations

* *

*

As Arsenic

33

F Fluorine

9

I Iodine

53

Copyright © 1998, by John Wiley and Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Fig 3-1

The four spheres of Earth’s environment.Biosphere interacting with abiotic factors

Low rain

Low N & P

What limits production?

Law of the Minimum/Law of limiting factors - Liebig's Law

Justus von Liebig

"father of the fertilizer industry”

law of the minimum

If one crop nutrient is missing or deficient, plant growth will be poor, even if the other elements are abundant.

like a barrel with unequal boards

One nutrient becomes the limiting factor