Chemical Cycles
Feb 23, 2016
Chemical Cycles
• Mrs. Frizzle Video
The Water Cycle
• How and in what form does carbon enter and leave the cycle?
• How do the roles of autotrophs and heterotrophs differ?
• What are the human impacts on the cycle?
• Carbon Cycle Video
Carbon Cycle
Carbon Cycle
The Carbon Cycle
• How and in what form does carbon enter and leave the cycle?
• How do the roles of autotrophs and heterotrophs differ?
• What are the human impacts on the cycle?
• Carbon cycle game
• Nitrogen Cycle Video
Nitrogen Cycle
Fig 3-19
Nitrogen fixation: Bacteria in root nodules of legumesAn example of mutualism
The Nitrogen Cycle
• How and in what form(s) does nitrogen enter and leave the cycle?
• How do the roles of autotrophs and heterotrophs differ?
• What are the human impacts on the cycle?
Phosphorus Cycle
A bloom of Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria
Anabaena Microcystis
• The End
103
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ca Calcium
20 * Atomic number
Environmentally important trace elements
Element reiatively abundant in the Earth`s crust
Name
Element symbol
Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lw
Cerium Praseody- mium
Thorium Protactin- -ium
Neodym- ium
Uranium
Prometh- ium
Neptun- -ium
Samarium
Plutonium
Europium
Americium
Gadolin- ium
Curium
Terbium
Berkelium
Dyspros- ium
Californ- ium
Holmium
Einstein- ium
Erbium
Fermium
Thulium
Mendelev- ium
Ytterbium
Nobellium
Lutetium
Lawren- cium
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102
Tb
H
Li Be
Na Mg Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po
Hydrogen
Lithium Beryllium
Sodium Magnes -ium Silicon
Potassium
Rubidium
Cesium
Calcium
Strontium
Barium
Scandium
Yttrium
Lanthanum
Titanium
Zirconium
Hafnium
Vanadium
Niobium
Molybde -num
Tantalum
Chromium
Tungsten
Technet -ium
Rhenium
Iron
Ruthenium
Osmium
Cobalt
Rhodium
Iridium
Nickel
Palladium
Platinum
Copper
Silver
Gold
Zinc
Cadmium
Mercury
Indium
Thallium
Tin
Lead Bismuth Polonium
1
3 4
11 12
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
37 38 39
55 56 57
40
72
41
73
42
74
43
75
44
76
45
77
46
78
47
79
48
80
49
81
50
82 83 84
87 88 89
Manganese
* *
* * *
Fr Ra Ac Francium Radium Actinium
He
C N O Ne
Al Si P S Cl
Ga Ge Se Br Kr
Sb Te Xe
Helium
Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Neon
Aluminum Phospho -rus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Gallium Germanium
Antimony
Selenium
Tellurium
Bromine Krypton
Xenon
31
5 6
13 14
32
15
7 8
16 17
2
10
18
34 35 36
51 52 54
At Rn Astatine Radon
85 86
Th Pa U
B Boron
Required for all life = Required for some life-forms = Moderately toxic: either slightly toxic to all life or highly toxic to a few forms = Highly toxic to all organisms, even in low concentrations
* *
*
As Arsenic
33
F Fluorine
9
I Iodine
53
Copyright © 1998, by John Wiley and Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Fig 3-1
The four spheres of Earth’s environment.Biosphere interacting with abiotic factors
Low rain
Low N & P
What limits production?
Law of the Minimum/Law of limiting factors - Liebig's Law
Justus von Liebig
"father of the fertilizer industry”
law of the minimum
If one crop nutrient is missing or deficient, plant growth will be poor, even if the other elements are abundant.
like a barrel with unequal boards
One nutrient becomes the limiting factor