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PERSONALITYPERSONALITY
ANDANDEMOTIONSEMOTIONS
1e l e v e n t h e d i t i o n
e l e v e n t h e d i t i o n
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PersonalityPersonality
ALBERT GORDONALBERT GORDON
Personality is the dynamic organization within the
individual of those psychological system that
determines his unique adjustment to his environment.
It is the sum total of ways an individual reacts toand interacts with others.
Personality is measurable - traits
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Personality Determinants
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Heredity
Environment
Situation
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Personality TraitsPersonality Traits
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ACTIVE
EASY GOINGEASY GOINGSHYSHY
RIGIDRIGID
ANGRYANGRY
LAZY
CONFIDENTCONFIDENT
OUTGOINGOUTGOING
RELAXEDRELAXEDTOUGHTOUGH
CREATIVECREATIVE
Characteristics that describe an individuals behaviour,
they are exhibited in a large number of situation
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The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator(MBTI)
It is a 100 question personality test that asks people
how they usually feel or act in a particular situation.
Classification as
Extrovert or Introvert (E or I)
Sensing or Intuitive ( S or N)
Thinking or Feeling (T or F)
Perceiving or Judging ( P or J)
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The MyersThe Myers--Briggs Type IndicatorBriggs Type Indicator(MBTI)(MBTI)
Combined into 16 personality types:
NTs are visionaries
ESTJs are organizers
ENTPs are conceptualizerMost widely used test though evidence do not support
it as a valid measure of personality.
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The Big Five ModelThe Big Five Model
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Extroversion
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Openness toexperience
Emotionalstability
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The Big Five Model & OB
High relation with job performance
Conscientiousness leads to high level of job
knowledge.
Extroverts are good sales persons.
High on agreeableness makes a person good tem
player.
People are good and quick learners if they are high
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Personality Attributesinfluencing OB
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LocusLocus ofof controlcontrol
MachiavellianismMachiavellianismSelfSelf--esteemesteem
SelfSelf--monitoringmonitoring
RiskRisk takingtaking
TypeType AA personalitypersonality
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LocusLocus ofofControlControl onesones perceptionperception asas toto wherewhere isis hishis locuslocus ofof
controlcontrol
TheThe conceptconcept waswas developeddeveloped originallyoriginally JulianJulian RotterRotter inin thethe 19501950ss
DoDo youyou believebelieve thatthat youryour destinydestiny isis controlledcontrolled byby yourselfyourself oror byby
externalexternal forcesforces (such(such asas fate,fate, god,god, oror powerfulpowerful others)?others)?
InternalsInternals theythey controlcontrol whatwhat happenshappens toto themthem
ExternalsExternals controlledcontrolled byby outsideoutside forcesforces (lady(lady luckluck toto
chance,chance, fate)fate)
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Locus of ControlLocus of Control
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Locus of Control
Research has found the following trends:
MalesMales tendtend toto bebe moremore internalinternal thanthan femalesfemales
AsAs peoplepeople getget olderolder theythey tendtend toto becomebecome moremore
internalinternal
PeoplePeople higherhigher upup inin organizationalorganizational structuresstructures
tendtend toto bebe moremore InternalInternal
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1.) Machiavellianism
HighHigh MachsMachs
Pragmatic,Pragmatic, manipulativemanipulative
EmotionalEmotional distance,distance, persuadepersuade othersothers
BelievesBelieves inin endsends cancan justifyjustify means,means, winwin moremore
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DoDo highhigh MachsMachs makemake goodgood employees?employees?TypeType ofof jobjobBargainingBargaining
LessLess rulesrules andand regulationsregulations
Personality AttributesPersonality Attributesinfluencing OBinfluencing OB
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2.) Self Esteem
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Personality AttributesPersonality Attributesinfluencing OBinfluencing OB
High on SEHigh on SE
Expectations for successExpectations for success
Possess ability for successPossess ability for success
Willing to take risksWilling to take risks
Do not seek approval from others on their capabilitiesDo not seek approval from others on their capabilities
High on Job SatisfactionHigh on Job Satisfaction
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3.) Self Monitoring
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Personality AttributesPersonality Attributesinfluencing OBinfluencing OB
High on SMHigh on SM
ExpectationsExpectations forfor successsuccess
PossessPossess abilityability forfor successsuccessWillingWilling toto taketake risksrisks
DoDo notnot seekseek approvalapproval fromfrom othersothers onon theirtheir capabilitiescapabilities
HighHigh onon JobJob SatisfactionSatisfaction
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4.) Risk4.) Risk TakingTaking
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Personality AttributesPersonality Attributesinfluencing OBinfluencing OB
Decision making quickDecision making quick
Specific to jobs (stocks) (accounts)Specific to jobs (stocks) (accounts)
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A & B Types of Personality
Type A
Always moving, walking,
and eating.
Feel impatient
Strive to do two or more
things at once
Cannot cope with leisure
time
Obsessed with number;
how many, how much they
have achieved
Type B
Never suffer from a sense
of time urgency
Feel no need to
display/discuss their
achievements unless
required
Play for fun /relaxation
Can relax without guilt
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A & B Types of Personality
Type A
Suffer high level of stress
Quantity over quality
Time pressure/deadlines
Rarely creative
Poor decision makers
Behavior is easier to
predict
Type B
Difficult to predict
behavior
Good decision makers
Quality of work
No compromise on health
Wiser than hasty
Creative / innovative
solutions to same problem
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Personality-Job Fit
John Hollands theory is the degree to which
individual matches his personality with the working
environment
He developed Vocational Preference inventory
questionnaire contains 160 occupational titles,
respondents indicate which profession they like or
dislike. Answers are used to form personality profiles
H
e presented six personality types 19
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HOLLANDS THEORY OF PERSONALITYHOLLANDS THEORY OF PERSONALITY--JOBJOBFITFIT
TYPETYPE PERSONALITYPERSONALITY OCCUPATIONSOCCUPATIONS
REALISTICREALISTIC
INVESTIGATIVEINVESTIGATIVE
SOCIALSOCIAL
CONVENTIONALCONVENTIONAL
ENTERPRISING
ARTISTICARTISTIC
Shy, Stable, PracticalShy, Stable, Practical
Analytical, Independent
Sociable, CooperativeSociable, Cooperative
Practical, EfficientPractical, Efficient
Ambitious, EnergeticAmbitious, Energetic
Imaginative, IdealisticImaginative, Idealistic
Mechanic, Farmer,Mechanic, Farmer,
AssemblyAssembly--Line WorkerLine Worker
Biologist, Economist,Mathematician
Social Worker,Social Worker,Teacher, CounselorTeacher, Counselor
Accountant,ManagerAccountant,ManagerBank TellerBank Teller
Lawyer, SalespersonLawyer, Salesperson
Painter, Writer,Painter, Writer,MusicianMusician
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Relationship amongPersonality Types
Realistic
Investigative
Artistic
Social
Enterprising
Conventional
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THE CLOSER THE TWO FIELDS, THE MORE
COMPATIBLE THEY ARE
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Emotions
Emotions play a very crucial role in the formation of
behavior patterns.
You are angry Or pleased
Work place or everyday life, we are driven by
emotions.
Emotions in OB are influenced by two factors
Myth of rationality
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Affect Emotions Mood!!
Affect range of feelings which encompass emotions
& moods.
Moods feelings which are less intense than emotion
and is not directed towards any thing.
Emotions intense feelings that are directed towardssomeone or something.
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Emotional labor
An OB concept
Every employee puts in their
Physical labor
Mental labor
Emotional labor
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Emotions
Felt emotionsActual feelings
In-bornNatural response
Displayed emotionsemotion exhibited
desired, organizationalrequirements.
learned
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Emotionsdimensions
frequency variety
intensity
duration
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Emotion-free
Humans can not be emotion-free
Can hide the emotions where situation requires
Alexithymia (lack of emotions)
A disease where person can not express emotions
at all
Uncomfortable for others as well as self
Appropriate for jobs where working in isolation is
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Gender & Emotions
Men vs women
Women are more emotional
They react with emotions very easily
They also understand/read emotions of others
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Three factors count:
1. Women are socially brought up like that. Men are required tohide their emotions
2. Women have inborn ability to read & understand othersemotions.
3. Need for social approval is higher for women
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Emotional constraints
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Though no listThough no listof emotions isof emotions is
there forthere fororganizationsorganizations
Understand the cultural valueUnderstand the cultural valuefor emotionsfor emotions
Different cultures read one emotionDifferent cultures read one emotiondifferentlydifferently
Expression of negativeExpression of negativeemotions is discouragedemotions is discouraged
Some organizations laidSome organizations laidout display of certainout display of certain
emotionsemotions
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OB applications
An understanding of emotions can help us predicting
a number of processes in an organizations:
Ability and selection
Person who can read own and others emotions
has found to be a good performerThis is called EI (emotional intelligence)
EI enables us to cope with stress and pressures
EI is a factor in selection of employees 30
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Emotional Intelligence
EIEI is composed of five dimensions
Self-awareness (what youre feeling)
Self-management (manage the feelings)
Self-motivation (go on with -ve emotions)
Empathy (feel how others are feeling)
Social skills (handle emotions of others)
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OB applications
Ability and Selection
Emotions affect employee effectiveness.
Decision making
Emotionally charged people make poor decisions, lose
patience to analyze the pros & cons
People experiencing positive emotions are good decision
makers. Problem solving skills are sharpened
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OB applications
Motivation
People with high motivation are emotionally
committed to their work/project.
Involvement with the job generates positive
emotions
Discouragement leads to low motivation level,
hence negative emotions can be displayed
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OB applications
Leadership
Leader rely a lot on expression of feelings by
themselves
They also read and understand others emotions to
be a better leader.Leaders make people follow them by making them
emotionally charged
Emotionally charged people accept change readily34
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OB applications
Interpersonal conflict
When conflict is there emotions are surfacing
When resolving conflict, a manager is supposed to keep an
eye on emotional content of it.
Deviant workplace behaviors
Actions which violate norms and threaten members or
organizations, such actions are called employee deviance
Customer Services
Emotions affect service quality delivered to customers which,in turn, affects customer relationships.
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