Chapter 1: Introductions

Chapter 1:Introductions

M. A. Farjoo

Background Applications Manufacturing Technologies

Table of Contents

Composite materials (or composites for short) are engineered materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties and which remain separate and distinct on a macroscopic level within the finished structure. (Wikipedia)

Background

The most primitive composite materials comprised straw and mud in the form of bricks for building construction

Background

Arg-e-Bam, IRAN.Constructed in 20 hectares, More than 1400 years ago.

There are two categories of constituent materials: matrix and reinforcement. The matrix material surrounds and supports the reinforcement materials by maintaining their relative positions. The reinforcements impart their special mechanical and physical properties to enhance the matrix properties.

Background

The most famous composite is called fiberglass which is made of glass fibers as the reinforcement and polyester (or epoxy) resin as the matrix.

Backgrund

Most industries have a connection with composite materials.

Due to high strength and light weight of composite materials, aerospace industries use composite materials. Carbon fibers and fiberglass are used in Aerospace industries.

Leading edge of the wings, vertical and horizontal tails, compressed air tanks, nose cone, fuselage, etc. are made of composite materials.

Applications

Applications

Composite fuselage

Applications

Full composite glider

Applications

Composite nose cone

Applications

Composite sandwich panel wing

Duse to high durability of composite materials in water and wet climate, most boats and yachts are made by composite materials.

Allications

Full composite high speed boat

Applications

Boat interiors

Applications

Composite Bridges

Automobile industry uses several kind of composite parts.

Sport cars employ composites to reduce the weight.

Applications

Composite body

Applications

Composite body

Most sport equipment are sued by fiberglass.

Ski and ski pole are made by composite materials.

Applications

Civil Engineers are familiar with composite materials. They use composites to reinforce the structure against seismic loads.

Application

Fiberglass finishing

Applications

Composite swimming pool

Applications

Renovation by fiberglass

Applications

Composite Domes

Applications

Reinforcement of Building by composite

materials

Wind turbines are made composite materials. Some of their blades have 100 m length.

Applications

As a general rule, when one needs light structure with high strength, composite materials are the best choice.

Some part of the body of high speed trains are made by composites. Further more the interiors are made by composites.

Applications

Applications

High speed Japan train

Applications

Monorail Interior, Malaysia

Applications

Monorail body, Malaysia

Also other thousands of applications can be found if one search “composite” or “Fiberglass” in internet!!

Applications

Every composite parts needs master and mould.

The common manufacturing techniques are:◦ Hand layup.◦ Spray Up.◦ Resin Transfer Molding (RTM).◦ Resin Infusion.◦ Filament Winding.◦ Sheet Metal Compound (SMC).◦ Bulk Molding Compound (BMC).

Manufacturing Technologies

Hand layup.

Manufacturing Technologies

Spray Up.

Manufacturing Technologies

Resin Transfer Molding (RTM)

Manufacturing Technologies

Resin Infusion

Manufacturing Technologies

Filament Winding

Manufacturing Technologies

Sheet Molding Compound (SMC)

Manufacturing Technologies

Bulk Molding Compound (BMC)

Manufacturing Technologies

Pultrusion

Manufacturing Technologies