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Chapter 1: Introductions M. A. Farjoo
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Chapter 1: Introductions

Jan 01, 2016

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Page 1: Chapter 1: Introductions

Chapter 1:Introductions

M. A. Farjoo

Page 2: Chapter 1: Introductions

Background Applications Manufacturing Technologies

Table of Contents

Page 3: Chapter 1: Introductions

Composite materials (or composites for short) are engineered materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties and which remain separate and distinct on a macroscopic level within the finished structure. (Wikipedia)

Background

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The most primitive composite materials comprised straw and mud in the form of bricks for building construction

Background

Arg-e-Bam, IRAN.Constructed in 20 hectares, More than 1400 years ago.

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There are two categories of constituent materials: matrix and reinforcement. The matrix material surrounds and supports the reinforcement materials by maintaining their relative positions. The reinforcements impart their special mechanical and physical properties to enhance the matrix properties.

Background

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The most famous composite is called fiberglass which is made of glass fibers as the reinforcement and polyester (or epoxy) resin as the matrix.

Backgrund

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Most industries have a connection with composite materials.

Due to high strength and light weight of composite materials, aerospace industries use composite materials. Carbon fibers and fiberglass are used in Aerospace industries.

Leading edge of the wings, vertical and horizontal tails, compressed air tanks, nose cone, fuselage, etc. are made of composite materials.

Applications

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Applications

Composite fuselage

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Applications

Full composite glider

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Applications

Composite nose cone

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Applications

Composite sandwich panel wing

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Duse to high durability of composite materials in water and wet climate, most boats and yachts are made by composite materials.

Allications

Full composite high speed boat

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Applications

Boat interiors

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Applications

Composite Bridges

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Automobile industry uses several kind of composite parts.

Sport cars employ composites to reduce the weight.

Applications

Composite body

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Applications

Composite body

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Most sport equipment are sued by fiberglass.

Ski and ski pole are made by composite materials.

Applications

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Civil Engineers are familiar with composite materials. They use composites to reinforce the structure against seismic loads.

Application

Fiberglass finishing

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Applications

Composite swimming pool

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Applications

Renovation by fiberglass

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Applications

Composite Domes

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Applications

Reinforcement of Building by composite

materials

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Wind turbines are made composite materials. Some of their blades have 100 m length.

Applications

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As a general rule, when one needs light structure with high strength, composite materials are the best choice.

Some part of the body of high speed trains are made by composites. Further more the interiors are made by composites.

Applications

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Applications

High speed Japan train

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Applications

Monorail Interior, Malaysia

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Applications

Monorail body, Malaysia

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Also other thousands of applications can be found if one search “composite” or “Fiberglass” in internet!!

Applications

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Every composite parts needs master and mould.

The common manufacturing techniques are:◦ Hand layup.◦ Spray Up.◦ Resin Transfer Molding (RTM).◦ Resin Infusion.◦ Filament Winding.◦ Sheet Metal Compound (SMC).◦ Bulk Molding Compound (BMC).

Manufacturing Technologies

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Hand layup.

Manufacturing Technologies

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Spray Up.

Manufacturing Technologies

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Resin Transfer Molding (RTM)

Manufacturing Technologies

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Resin Infusion

Manufacturing Technologies

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Filament Winding

Manufacturing Technologies

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Sheet Molding Compound (SMC)

Manufacturing Technologies

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Bulk Molding Compound (BMC)

Manufacturing Technologies

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Pultrusion

Manufacturing Technologies