Pap Modul 1-Design Introductions

8/19/2019 Pap Modul 1-Design Introductions

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CHEMICAL PROCESS

DESIGNPAP-LEILY NK-2014


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A&'() *ESI+N

*esign is a creati#e acti#it," and as such can $eone of the most re%arding and satisf,ing acti#itiesundertaen $, an engineer.

)he design does not exist at the start of the ro/ect.

)he designer $egins %ith a secic o$/ecti#e orcustomer need in mind and" $, de#e!oing ande#a!uating ossi$!e designs" arri#es at the $est %a,

of achie#ing that o$/ecti#e$e it a $etter chair" ane% $ridge" or

for the chemica! engineer"a ne% chemica! roductor roduction rocess.


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*esign - Externa! factors

1-Economic considerations are o$#ious!, a ma/orconstraint on an, engineering design !ants mustmae a rot.

2-)ime %i!! a!so $e a constraint. )he time a#ai!a$!e forcom!etion of a design %i!! usua!!, !imit the num$er ofa!ternati#e designs that can $e

3 Ph,sica! !a%

4- esources

5- Safet, egu!ations

6- Standard and codes


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Process constraints


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*esign Procedures


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7hemica! engineering ro/ects can $e di#ided intothree t,es" deending on the no#e!t, in#o!#ed

1.8odications" and additions" to existing !ant9usua!!, carried out $, the !ant design grou.

2. Ne% roduction caacit, to meet gro%ing sa!esdemand" and the sa!e of esta$!ished rocesses $,

contractors. eetition of existing designs" %ithon!, minor design changes.

3. Ne% rocesses" de#e!oed from !a$orator,

research" through i!ot !ant" to a commercia!rocess. E#en here" most of the unit oerations and

*esign concets


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*esign-;o%


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*esign stages

)he se!ection rocess can $econsidered to go through the fo!!o%ingstages

Possi$!e designs


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Setting the *esign &asis )he most imortant ste in starting a rocess design istrans!ating the customer need into a design $asis . It %i!!norma!!, inc!ude the roduction rate of the main roducttogether %ith the information on constraints that %i!! in;uencethe design such as -

1- )he s,stem of the unit to $e used

2- )he nationa! the !oca! or coman, design codes that must $efo!!o%ed

3- *etai!s of ra% materia!s that a#ai!a$!e

4- Information on otentia! sites %here the !ant might $e!ocated

5- Information on the condition " a#ai!a$i!it, and rices of uti!it,

ser#ices


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7ontinuous Process

are designed to oerate 24 hours a da," @da,s a %ee" throughout the ,ear.

Some do%n time %i!! $e a!!o%ed formaintenance and" for some rocesses"cata!,st regeneration. )he !ant attainment9that is" the ercentage of the a#ai!a$!e hours

in a ,ear that the !ant oerates" %i!! usua!!,$e 0 to 5B. C hours oerated "

7ontinuous rocesses %i!! usua!!, $e moreeconomica! for !arge sca!e roduction.


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&atch Process

&atch rocesses are designed to oerateintermittent!,. Some"or a!!" the rocess units$eing fre:uent!, shut do%n and started u.

&atch rocesses are used %here some ;exi$i!it,is %anted in roduction rate or roductsecication.

Production rate !ess than 5 x 106 gDh A range of roducts or roduct secications Se#ere fou!ing Short cata!,st !ife Ne% roduct (ncertain design


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7ontinuous #s &atch Process

Production rate greaterthan 5 x 106 gDh

Sing!e roduct

No se#ere fou!ing

+ood cata!,st !ife

Pro#en rocessesdesign

Esta$!ished maret

Production rate !ess

than 5 x 106 gDh

A range of roducts or

roduct secications

Se#ere fou!ing

Short cata!,st !ife

Ne% roduct

(ncertain design


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7'*ES AN* S)AN*A*S

IN engineering ractice the, co#er

1. 8ateria!s" roerties and comositions.

2. )esting rocedures for erformance" comositions":ua!it,.

3. Preferred sies9 for exam!e" tu$es" !ates"

sections.4. *esign methods" insection" fa$rication.

5. 7odes of ractice" for !ant oeration and safet,.


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Standards -exam!es

(nited Kingdom &ritish Standards Institution


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?A7)'S '? SA?E)Y


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S,stem of units

Pap Modul 1-Design Introductions

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