BASIC FLYING COURSE AIR TRAFFIC RULES AND SERVICES

YOUTH FLYING CLUB

AIRSPACE

AIRSPACE

CONDITIONS OF VFR FLIGHT

CONTROLLED AIR SPACE UNCONTROLLED AIR SPACE

CONTROLLED AIRSPACE

• A pilot may fly under Visual Flight Rules in controlled airspace provided he is able to remain-– 1.5 km Horizontally;

– 300m (1000 ft) Vertically away from cloud

– In flight visibility- Min 8 km or as dictated by ATC.

CONTROLLED AIRSPACE

8km Flight visibility

1.5km

1,000 ft

AWAY FROM CLOUD

1,000 ft

UNCONTROLLED AIRSPACE

• Outside Controlled Airspace, a pilot may fly under Visual Flight Rules if;

• >3000ft

– 1.5 km Horizontally;

– 1000ft vertically from cloud,

– In flight visibility of 8 km.

• <3000ft

– Clear of cloud and in sight of the surface,

– In flight visibility of at least 1.5 km.

UNCONTROLLED AIRSPACE

3,000 ft

SAME AS CONTROLLED AIRSPACE

CLEAR OF CLOUD

IN SIGHT OF THE SURFACE

1.5 km flight visibility

Definitions

• Altitude

– The vertical distance of a level, point or object considered as a point, from mean sea level.

• Height

– The vertical distance of a level, point or an object considered as a point, measured from a specified datum.

Visual and Pyrotechnic Signals

Type of Signal Meaning 

Aircraft In Flight Aircraft on Ground

Steady Green Light Cleared to land Cleared for Take- Off

Steady Red Light Give Way to other STOP Aircraft and Continue circling.

Series of Flashing Green Lights Return for a Landing Cleared to Taxi

Series of Flashing Red Lights Aerodrome Unsafe, Taxi Clear of Landing Area DO NOT LAND in Use

Series of Flashing White Lights Land at this Aerodrome Return to Starting Point on and Proceed to the Apron the Aerodrome

Red Pyrotechnic Light or Red Flare Do not Land for the time being . CANCELS any previous permission to land

Air Traffic Control Regulations

• Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP)

– The Singapore AIP provides information on aeronautical facilities, regulations and ground organizations for the safe conduct of Civil Aviation in Singapore.

• Notams and Supplements

– The AIP is supplemented by a service comprising NOTAMS and supplements.

– Although NOTAMS are not specific amendments to the AIP, relevant information within the AIP is reflected in the NOTAM.

– Temporary information is issued in NOTAMS but will not affect the AIP.

Ground-Air Visual Signal Code For Survivors

No. Message Symbol Code

1. Require Assistance V2. Require Medical assistance X3. No or Negative N4. Yes or Affirmative Y5. Proceeding in this direction    

General Flight Rules

A/C CONVERGING

2) On the right In the right

A/C WHICH ARE CONVERGING

(In the air & on the ground)

General Flight Rules

A/C APPROACH HEAD-ON (In the air & On the ground)

EACH SHALL ALTER COURSE TO THE RIGHT

General Flight Rules

A/C OVERTAKING (In the air)

RIGHT OF WAY

OUT OF THE WAYALTER COURSE TO THE RIGHT

ON THE GROUND: ALTER COURSE TO THE LEFT

DISPLAY OF LIGHTS BY AIRCRAFT

RED 110 DEGREE GREEN

110 DEGREE

WHITE140 DEGREE

MAXIMUM AUTHORISED TOTAL WEIGHT

5,700 KG (12,500 LBS) OR LESS1. GREEN LIGHT2. RED LIGHT3. WHITE LIGHT

MORE THAN 5,700 KG1. GREEN LIGHT2. RED LIGHT3. WHITE LIGHT4. ANTI-COLLISION LIGHT

LOW FLYING

1,500 ft

2,000 ft

LOW FLYING

500 FT

AN AIRCRAFT SHALL NOT FLY ANY CLOSER THAN 500 ft TO ANY PERSON,VESSEL, VEHICLE OR STRUCTURE.

RIGHT HAND TRAFFIC RULE

*An aircraft which is flying in sight of the ground and following a road, railway, canal or coastline or any other land marks, shall keep such line of landmarks on its left.