Based on the picture and your readings, what conclusions can you draw? What are the people doing? Why do Muslims kneel, bow, and touch their foreheads.

Based on the picture and your readings, what conclusions can you draw?

What are the people doing?

Why do Muslims kneel, bow, and touch their foreheads to the ground when they pray?

Islam’s most sacred sanctuary

Located in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Muslims believe Abraham and his son Ishmael built it.

It contains the Black Stone, the cornerstone of the Kaaba

50’ high, 33’ wide, 40’ long

The outer black cloth contains verses from the Quran

Pilgrims walk around the track 7 times, reciting the Quran

Built by Muslims in 691 C.E.

Muslims believe Muhammad ascended into Paradise from here

He returned to earth and brought Allah’s message to all people

Jews honor the site as the place where Abraham was prepared to sacrifice his son, Isaac

Say O Muslims: We believe in God and that which is revealed unto us and that which was revealed unto

Abraham, and Ishmael, and Isaac, and Jacob, and the tribes, and that which Moses and Jesus received, and

that which the Prophets received from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and unto

Him we have surrendered.

1. What does this Quran passage tell you about how Muslims view the teachings of the Hebrew prophets and Jesus?

2. How do Muslims view Jesus?

3. What is one belief that Muslims, Jews, and Christians share?

They accept them

As equals to the prophets

Monotheistic; share some of the Prophets

The Arab Empire and Its Successors500 C.E. 700 C.E. 900 C.E. 1100 C.E. 1300 C.E.

570 C.E.

Birth of Muhammad

680 C.E.

Hussein leads revolt against Umayyad rule

661-750 C.E.

Umayyad Dynasty

750-1258

Abbasid Dynasty

1. Which Muslim dynasty was in power in 732 C.E. when Arab forces were defeated in Gaul, halting Arab expansion in Europe?

2. About how many years did the Abbasid Dynasty last?

3. Muslims split into 2 main sects (Sunni & Shiite) after a revolt led by Hussein in what year?

What activity brought prosperity to the Islamic world?

What 3 cities were important trade centers?

Where did the majority of the people live during the early stages of the Arab Empire?

Stearns, page 119; Glencoe, page 197

1. How far north did the Islam empires spread?

2. How did the Arabs benefit from expansion?

What was the main effect of the Crusades?

Saladin (1138-1193)

Muslim leader

Established the Ayyubid Dynasty

Very devout

Legendary chivalry

Defeated Europeans in the 2nd Crusade

Spared Jerusalem

Made Cairo a vibrant medieval city

4th Crusade sacked Constantinople and weakened the Byzantine Empire

Led to Anti-Semitism in Europe

Broke down feudalism

Lasting impact: bred centuries of distrust/enmity between Muslims and Christians

Hulegu (hoo-LAY-goo)

1258, Mongols seized Persia and Mesopotamia

Ended Abbasid Caliphate

Hulegu sacked Baghdad

Destroyed libraries, mosques, palaces

Turkish slave-soldiers (Mamluks) stopped the Mongols at the Red Sea

Mongolians inter-married with local peoples

Mongolians converted to Islam and spread the religion throughout Asia/southern Europe

Mongolian conquest ended Baghdad’s leadership

Cairo became the new center of Islamic civilization

• Ibn- Rushd – translated Aristotle’s works

• Spread the Indian # system with 0

• Europeans mislabeled the system “Arabic”

• Developed Algebra

• Knew the Earth was round

• Astrolabe = helped sailors determine location by studying the stars/planets

Ibn Sina - wrote medical encyclopedia

- “The” University medical textbook

Ibn Khaldun (14th C)

- Muslim historian

- Civilizations rise/decay in cycles

Omar Khayyam (12th C) - Rubiyat

- Arabian Nights

Allhambra Palace Granada, Spain

Mosque of Cordoba, Spain