Based on the picture and your readings, what conclusions can you draw? What are the people doing? Why do Muslims kneel, bow, and touch their foreheads to the
Dec 13, 2015
Based on the picture and your readings, what conclusions can you draw?
What are the people doing?
Why do Muslims kneel, bow, and touch their foreheads to the ground when they pray?
Islam’s most sacred sanctuary
Located in Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Muslims believe Abraham and his son Ishmael built it.
It contains the Black Stone, the cornerstone of the Kaaba
50’ high, 33’ wide, 40’ long
The outer black cloth contains verses from the Quran
Pilgrims walk around the track 7 times, reciting the Quran
Built by Muslims in 691 C.E.
Muslims believe Muhammad ascended into Paradise from here
He returned to earth and brought Allah’s message to all people
Jews honor the site as the place where Abraham was prepared to sacrifice his son, Isaac
Say O Muslims: We believe in God and that which is revealed unto us and that which was revealed unto
Abraham, and Ishmael, and Isaac, and Jacob, and the tribes, and that which Moses and Jesus received, and
that which the Prophets received from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and unto
Him we have surrendered.
1. What does this Quran passage tell you about how Muslims view the teachings of the Hebrew prophets and Jesus?
2. How do Muslims view Jesus?
3. What is one belief that Muslims, Jews, and Christians share?
They accept them
As equals to the prophets
Monotheistic; share some of the Prophets
The Arab Empire and Its Successors500 C.E. 700 C.E. 900 C.E. 1100 C.E. 1300 C.E.
570 C.E.
Birth of Muhammad
680 C.E.
Hussein leads revolt against Umayyad rule
661-750 C.E.
Umayyad Dynasty
750-1258
Abbasid Dynasty
1. Which Muslim dynasty was in power in 732 C.E. when Arab forces were defeated in Gaul, halting Arab expansion in Europe?
2. About how many years did the Abbasid Dynasty last?
3. Muslims split into 2 main sects (Sunni & Shiite) after a revolt led by Hussein in what year?
What activity brought prosperity to the Islamic world?
What 3 cities were important trade centers?
Where did the majority of the people live during the early stages of the Arab Empire?
Stearns, page 119; Glencoe, page 197
1. How far north did the Islam empires spread?
2. How did the Arabs benefit from expansion?
Saladin (1138-1193)
Muslim leader
Established the Ayyubid Dynasty
Very devout
Legendary chivalry
Defeated Europeans in the 2nd Crusade
Spared Jerusalem
Made Cairo a vibrant medieval city
4th Crusade sacked Constantinople and weakened the Byzantine Empire
Led to Anti-Semitism in Europe
Broke down feudalism
Lasting impact: bred centuries of distrust/enmity between Muslims and Christians
Hulegu (hoo-LAY-goo)
1258, Mongols seized Persia and Mesopotamia
Ended Abbasid Caliphate
Hulegu sacked Baghdad
Destroyed libraries, mosques, palaces
Turkish slave-soldiers (Mamluks) stopped the Mongols at the Red Sea
Mongolians inter-married with local peoples
Mongolians converted to Islam and spread the religion throughout Asia/southern Europe
Mongolian conquest ended Baghdad’s leadership
Cairo became the new center of Islamic civilization
• Ibn- Rushd – translated Aristotle’s works
• Spread the Indian # system with 0
• Europeans mislabeled the system “Arabic”
• Developed Algebra
• Knew the Earth was round
• Astrolabe = helped sailors determine location by studying the stars/planets
Ibn Sina - wrote medical encyclopedia
- “The” University medical textbook
Ibn Khaldun (14th C)
- Muslim historian
- Civilizations rise/decay in cycles
Omar Khayyam (12th C) - Rubiyat
- Arabian Nights
Allhambra Palace Granada, Spain
Mosque of Cordoba, Spain