· 2017/2018 OFFICERS AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS Maryam Khosravifard, President Joseph Vassios, Vice President/Program Chair Travis Bean, Secretary Katherine Walker, Past President Dave

CALIFORNIA WEED SCIENCE SOCIETY

Proceedings

70TH ANNUAL

“California Weed Science: From Restoration to Recreation”

FESS PARKER DOUBLETREE RESORT Santa Barbara, California

January 24, 25, & 26, 2018

CWSS 1948-2018

2018 Proceedings of the California Weed Science Society

Volume 70

Papers Presented at the 2018 Annual Conference January 24, 25, & 26, 2018

Fess Parker DoubleTree Resort 633 E. Cabrillo Boulevard

Santa Barbara, California 93940

2017/2018 OFFICERS AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS Maryam Khosravifard, President Joseph Vassios, Vice President/Program Chair Travis Bean, Secretary Katherine Walker, Past President Dave Blodget, Director Ben Duesterhaus, Director Gil Del Rosario, Director Josie Hugie, Director Scott Oneto, Director Jill Damskey, Business Manager/Treasurer

Preface The proceedings contain contributed summaries of papers and posters presented at the annual conference, year-end financial statement, award winners, sponsors, exhibitors, and names, addresses and email addresses given by permission of those attending the meeting.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

2018/2019 Board of Directors ..............................................................................................1

2018 Conference Sponsors ...................................................................................................2

2018 Conference Exhibitors .................................................................................................3

2018 Award of Excellence – Kassim Al-Khatib ..................................................................4

2018 Award of Excellence – Scott Stoddard .......................................................................5

2018 Honorary Member – John Roncoroni .........................................................................6

2018 Student Awards ...........................................................................................................7

In Memoriam........................................................................................................................9

Oral Paper Summaries

WEED SCHOOL SESSION

Invasive Plant Seedbanks Sleeper-cells: Terrorists of Eradication Programs .................... 12

Creating Defensible Spaces in an Indefensible Ecosystems ..............................................13

Establishment Stage Competition between Exotic Crimsom Fountaingrass (Pennisetum setaccum, C4) and Native Purple Needlegrass (Stipa pulchra, C3) .............14 A Functional Group Approach to Managing Large Invasive Grasses: Case Studies with Arundo and Phragmites .............................................................................................15 Stress Tolerance and Invasive Spread of Arundo donax along California Coastal

Areas. .................................................................................................................................16

STUDENT ORAL SESSION

Smallflower Umbrella Sedge Cross-Resistance to ALS Inhibitors in the California Rice Growing Region ................................................................................................................. 18 Weed vs. Crop Differentiation Using Crop Marking Systems ........................................... 19 Survey of Bearded Sprangletop Response to Clomazone in California Rice ..................... 20

GENERAL SESSION

No abstracts submitted

TREE AND VINE SESSION

Twenty Five Years of Mulching Orchards and What We Know .......................................21

Walnut Response to Multiple Exposures to Simulated Drift of Bispyribac-Sodium ........22 AQUATICS SESSION

AMP® Activator a New Adjuvant for Aquatic Plant Management ................................... 23

Control Options for Floating and Emergent Aquatic Species ............................................ 24

ORGANIC HERBICIDES SESSION

Best Use Practices for Using Suppress Organic Herbicides ............................................... 25

Weed Removal in Organic Vegetable Crops .....................................................................26 Developing a Bioherbicide for Today’s Agriculture .......................................................... 28

Organic Herbicides: A Review ..........................................................................................29

ROADSIDES, UTILITIES AND INDUSTRIAL SITES SESSION

TURF & ORNAMENTAL SESSION

Managing Weeds in a Highly Landscaped Community ..................................................... 30

Long Beach USD Case Study: Reducing Glyphosate Use on School Grounds ................31

Nutsedge Control Strategy to Avert Potential Resistance Development to ALS-inhibiting Herbicides .................................................................................................32 AGRONOMY SESSION

FORESTRY, RANGE AND NATURAL AREAS SESSION

VEGETABLE CROPS SESSION

The Road to Automated Weeding of Vegetable Crops .....................................................33 Lettuce Weed Management Update ...................................................................................35 Effects of Prometryn Applied in Cilantro on Four Following Vegetable Crops ...............36

LAWS AND REGULATIONS SESSION

Proper Selection and Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)..................................38

Respiratory Protection – A How to Demonstration ...........................................................39

Online Training to Help You Comply with Personal Protective Equipment and Respiratory Protection Requirements—A New Resource from the University of California Statewide IPM Program ...................................................................................40 Upcoming Changes to Worker Protection Standard ..........................................................41 Best Practices to Keep Pesticides Out of the Water ..........................................................42

DPR’s Cannabis Program – Where are We and Where are We Going? ...........................43 STUDENT POSTER SUMMARIES

The Impact of Salinity on Invasive Aquatic Weed Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), and its Biological Control Agent Neochetina bruchi ......................................44 Weed vs. Crop Differentiation Using Crop Marking Systems ..........................................45 Bearded Sprangletop Adaptation to Flooding in California Rice ......................................46 Population Genetics of the Agricultural Weed Palmer Amaranth .....................................47 Characterizing the Expression of Candidate Genes for Herbicide Resistance in the Agricultural Weed Hairy Fleabane (Erigeron bonariensis) ..............................................48 Biological Control of Cirsium arvense with the Use of Puccinia punctiformis Fungus ...49 Cash Flow Report and Investments ...................................................................................50

Honorary Members List .....................................................................................................51

Award of Excellence Members List ..................................................................................52

Conference Attendees List .................................................................................................53

Conference History ............................................................................................................70

California Weed Science Society 2017/2018 Board of Directors

President Maryam Khosravifard Environmental Program Manager CDFA Center for Analytical Chemistry Phone: (916) 390-2823

maryam.khosravifard@cdfa.ca.org

Director - Steering Ben Duesterhaus Mid Valley Ag Services Technical Services Agronomist Phone (209) 351-7089 bduesterhaus@midvalleyag.com

Vice-President/Program Chair Joseph Vassios Account Manager, Aquatics United Phosphorus, Inc. Phone : (719) 740-9291 joseph.vassios@uniphos.com

Director - Non-conference Education Whitney Brim-DeForest, PhD

UCCE Rice Advisor Sutter, Yuba, Placer and Sacramento Counties Phone: (530) 822-7515 wbrimdeforest@ucanr.edu

Secretary

Travis Bean Assistant Cooperative Extension Specialist University of California, Riverside Phone: (951) 827-5130 trbean@ucr.edu

Director - Membership Josie Hugie Crop Research Manager Wilbur Ellis Phone: (916) 216-8744 josie.hugie@wilburellis.com

Past President Katherine Walker Technical Service BASF Corporation Phone: (919) 358-6123 katherine.walker@basf.com

Director - Student Liaison Scott Oneto Farm Advisor/County Director UC Coop Ext/ Central Sierra Phone: (209) 223-6834 sroneto@ucanr.edu

Director - Finance Dave Blodget Aquatic Specialist Alligare, LLC Phone: (661) 599-3231 dave.blodget@alligare.com

Director - Public Relations Gil Del Rosario MLA, PCA; Sales Representative Dow AgroSciences, LLC Phone: (949) 878-7371 gmdelrosario@dow.com

Business and Office Managers (non-voting)

Jill Damskey & Celeste Elliott CWSS Business Office P.O. Box 1961 West Sacramento, CA 93912 Phone: (831) 442-3536

Fax: (831) 442-2351 jill@agamsi.com (Jill) manager@cwss.org (Celeste)

The California Weed Science Society wishes to thank the following companies for their generous support of the 70th Annual Conference.

Sponsor Level I – CWSS Business & Awards Luncheon

Dow AgroSciences Sponsor Level II – Wednesday Night Member Reception

Bayer Crop Science Syngenta

Sponsor Level III – More Coffee!

Wilbur-Ellis Company

Sponsor Level IV – Coffee Break Alligare LLC Cygnet Enterprises

Sponsor Level V – General

Applied Biochemists/Lonza C H Biotech Diversified Waterscapes Goat Throat Pumps Oro Agri PAPA

2018 CWSS EXHIBITORS

• ALLIGARE, LLC • HELENA CHEMICAL COMPANY

• AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS • HELM AGRO US

• B & J TRADING, LLC • INTERNATIONAL WATER SCREENS

• BASF • LONZA/APPLIED BIOCHEMIST

• BAYER CROP SCIENCE • NEUDORFF NORTH AMERICA

• BAYER VEGETATION MANAGEMENT • NUFARM AMERICAS

• BRANDT CONSOLIDATED • ORO AGRI, INC.

• CALIFORNIA VETERAN SUPPLY • PAPA

• C H BIOTECH • SEPRO CORPORATION

• CALIFORNIA CERTIFIED CROP ADVISER • SPRAYTEC

• CROP PRODUCTIONS SERVICES, INC. • SUMMIT AGRO USA

• CYGNET WEST ENTERPRISES, INC. • TARGET SPECIALTY PRODUCTS

• DIVERSIFIED WATERSCAPES • UC ANR

• DOW AGROSCIENCES • UPI, INC.

• DUPONT CROP PROTECTION • VAN BEURDEN INSURANCE

• ECO-PAK LLC • WESTBRIDGE AG PRODUCTS

• GOAT THROAT PUMPS ∙ WILBUR-ELLIS COMPANY

CWSS 2018 Awards

At the 2018 Annual Membership Business Meeting in Santa Barbara, the Award of Excellence and Honorary Membership awards were announced, which recognizes role models in the profession of Weed Science and outstanding service to the CWSS. The California Weed Science Society is pleased to present the following members, Kassim Al-Khatib and Scott Stoddard as the recipients of the Award of Excellence and John Roncoroni, an Honorary Membership.

CWSS 2018 Award of Excellence – Kassim Al-Khatib

(Presented by Kate Walker, CWSS Past President)

Kassim Al-Khatib is a professor and Cooperative Extension specialist in the Department of Plant Sciences at UC Davis. He served as the director of the statewide UC Integrated Pest Management program from 2009 to 2015. Prior to this role he held a research and teaching position at Kansas State University from 1996 to 2009, including professor of weed physiology. From 1989 to 1996, he was an assistant agronomist with Washington State University. Al-Khatib completed his Ph.D. in crop physiology at Kansas State University before joining the UC Davis faculty in 2009. He received several honors and awards, including 2014 Fulbright Research Award, Fellow of Weed Science Society of America, Fellow of American Society of Agronomy, Fellow of Western Society of Weed Science, Fellow of North Central Society of Weed Science, Weed Science Society of America Outstanding Paper Award, and Western Society of Weed Science Outstanding Weed Scientist Award, to name a few. He has been active in several professional societies including the Weed Science Society of America and Western Society of Weed Science. Al-Khatib has been a valuable member of the California Weed Science Society serving as session chair, organizer of Weed School and speaker. He has also had several students participate in the poster and student oral sessions at the Annual California Weed Science Society Meeting.

CWSS 2018 Award of Excellence – Scott Stoddard

Scott Stoddard grew up in Cheyenne, Wyoming, on the outskirts of town, where he spent summers riding bikes and motorcycles, but not horses, on the hills and dirt roads around his house. His mother was an avid gardener, but other than that he had little interest in farming or ranching. This changed when he took his first soils class at the University of Wyoming as a basic science requirement. This class sparked an interest in soil management and agriculture in general, and he went on to major in Soil Science at University of Wyoming, receiving his Bachelor of Science in 1992. He continued at the graduate level in soil fertility at the University of Kentucky, receiving his Master of Science in 1995. After graduating, Scott worked for a fertilizer company in Virginia for a short while before joining UC Cooperative Extension in Merced in 1998. The first day on the job he spent happily setting up spray rig on a 1992 Case IH 265 row crop tractor preparing it for spray trials in cotton. The first four years were spent working under farm advisor Bill Weir, helping on research projects in cotton, tomatoes, melons, and sweet potatoes. Scott is now the vegetable crops farm advisor for Merced and Madera counties, working mainly on tomatoes, sweet potatoes and melons, with an emphasis on plant fertility, variety evaluation, and weed management. Scott is a member of the National Sweet Potato Collaborators Group, American Society of Horticultural Science (ASHS), Pesticide Applicators Professional Association (PAPA), and the California Weed Science Society (CWSS). He is a Qualified Applicator as well as a Certified Professional Agronomist (CPAg) and CCA. While not formerly trained as a weed scientist, it was attending CWSS conferences that sparked an interest in weed management and making it a major part of his research and education program as a farm advisor. Scott resides in Atwater, CA, with his wife Andrea and three sons. In his free time, he hangs out with his boys at track meets, baseball games, and soccer matches. Stoddard has been a valuable and long-standing member of the California Weed Science Society. If he is not serving as a session chair, Scott will often be asked to speak on his weed management research in vegetables.

CWSS 2018 Honorary Member – John Roncoroni

John Roncoroni is the Weed Science Farm Advisor with University of California Cooperative Extension (UCCE) for Napa County. John was born and raised in Woodland, California, and has always been involved in agriculture. He started in FFA raising market lambs and then a small flock. During the summers at Woodland High, John drove tractor during tomato harvest and moved onto working with his father in a local grain warehouse. John received B.S. from UC Davis in Environmental Policy Analysis and Planning, with an emphasis in Agriculture. After graduation, John’s brother Ernie, who was well established working in weed control at UC Davis, suggested that John take a ‘six-month position’ working with Dr. Larry Mitich in corn and bean weed control. In 1985 he was hired as a Staff Research Associate at UC Davis to work with Dr. Clyde Elmore. During his time at UCD John worked with Jim McHenry, Dr. Tom Lanini and Dr. Robert Norris in several crop and non-crop research trials. In the early 90’s John first served as a CWSS session chair (Turf and ornamentals). He earned his M.S. in Horticulture from UC Davis in 1999. From 2004-2007, John was the first UC Davis IR-4 Field Research Director working under GLP (Good Lab Practices) to deliver pesticides accurately for residue analysis. He became a UCCE Weed Science Farm Advisor in Napa County and an IPM affiliate advisor in March, 2007. John specializes in vineyard floor management—weed control and cover cropping in premium California wine grapes. John continues to work with growers on proper calibration of orchard and vineyard weed sprayers, conventional and organic weed control, and control of herbicide tolerant and resistant weeds. John is married to his college sweetheart (and Santa Clara Co. 4-H All-star) Sharon, and has a daughter Jennifer (2005-6 4-H State Ambassador) John has served as session chair and presenter countless times for CWSS, and served on the Board of Directors and as President in 2015 and 2016.

2018 Student Research Paper Awards (Presented by CWSS Student Liaison Director, Scott Oneto)

($500) Katie Driver, University of California, Davis Survey of Bearded Sprangletop Response to Clomazone in California Rice

($300) Alex Ceseski, University of California, Davis Smallflower Umbrella Sedge Cross-Resistance to ALS Inhibitors in the California Rice-Growing Region

($200) HannahJoy Kennedy, University of California, Davis Weed vs. Crop Differentiation Using Crop Marking Systems ($200) Diana Camarena Onofre, California State University, Fresno Germination Rate and Glyphosate Resistance of Hairy Fleabane (Erigeron bonariensis)

Katie Driver, Alex Ceseski, Diana Camarena, HannahJoy Kennedy and Scott Oneto

2018 Student Research Poster Awards (Presented by CWSS Student Liaison Director, Scott Oneto)

($500) Katie Driver, University of California, Davis Bearded Sprangletop Adaptation to Flooding in California Rice

($300) HannahJoy Kennedy, University of California, Davis Weed vs. Crop Differentiation Using Crop Marking Systems

($200) Priyanka Chaudhari, California State University, Fresno Characterizing the Expression of Candidate Genes for Herbicide Resistance in the Agricultural Weed Hairy Fleabane (Erigeron bonariensis)

Katie Driver, HannahJoy Kennedy, Priyanka Chaudhari and Scott Oneto

In Memoriam - Steve Orloff

(Remembered by Steve Wright, Brad Hanson, and Dan Putnam at the California Weed Science Society Meeting (1/25/18))

We mourn the loss of Steve Orloff, UC Farm Advisor, who passed away October 3, 2017 from cancer. Last year at this conference, Steve Orloff was on stage receiving the honorary member award. Steve spent his 33 year career as a Farm Advisor. Steve grew up in Lancaster, California. It was also in Southern California that Steve learned to surf the waves, and became an expert surfer – a passion he continued throughout his life. Steve spent two years in Central America serving in the Peace Corps, primarily El Salvador, where he worked with marginal farmers. He was transferred to Honduras during a civil war going on in El Salvador became too dangerous. He met his wife-to-be in Honduras at the Pension (small motel) he lived at. I first met Steve while he was finishing his MS in Crop Sciences from San Louis Obispo when he visited Lake Success while Army Corp of Engineers was spraying cocklebur. Steve shortly after took the Farm Advisor position at Lancaster, CA working in the high desert of San Bernardino and Los Angeles counties. Although he had said that the job required a steep learning curve, he was aided by the farmers and ranchers, PCAs, and crop specialists at UC Davis and UC Riverside who appreciated his dedication to solving important problems. He collaborated and especially received mentoring from Tim Hayes and Ext. Weed Specialist Dave Cudney. Because of his important work on Dodder control in Alfalfa, Russian thistle, and work in onions he was awarded the CWSS Award of Excellence while a new Advisor. He had so many challenges he said at times Peace Corps was easier as the county gave him a truck without air conditioning or radio. After making significant contributions in the high desert region, Steve moved his young family, now with three boys, from the desert to take a position in agronomic crops at the UC Cooperative Extension office in Yreka, Siskiyou County. There Steve quickly established himself as a regional expert on many crops, especially alfalfa, conducting significant research on-farm as well as at the UC Intermountain Research and Extension Center at Tulelake, CA. for the past 20+ years in Siskiyou and Modoc Counties. He was also County director for both Siskiyou and Modoc County. Brad stated that Steve made his mark through his strong science, hard work, and commitment to agriculture but also through his sense of humor and and his genuine care for his friends, colleagues, and especially his family. After he passed, Brad was remembering Steve with a colleague who shared what an important collaborator, mentor, role model and friend Steve had been to him. That heartfelt statement kind of took the words out of my mouth as I felt much the same way. I think many of his colleagues would probably say, accurately, that they also had a really special relationship with Steve. Through his scientific and interpersonal interactions and we feel fortunate to have known and worked with Steve Orloff. Steve was an editor for the California Weed Science Society Journal, Primary author for the Alfalfa chapter in the CWSS Text book, served as a director, was on the steering committee and many times as a session chair. He gave many presentations on Alfalfa Weed Management. Some remember being hit by Snicker bars for having the right answer to his questions or others not paying enough attention. He contributed greatly to the alfalfa industry. In Dan Putnam’s words, Steve Orloff was a true agronomist with broad knowledge and in-depth expertise related to most fields of agriculture science. He published hundreds of articles reporting on his original research related to pest management, irrigation, harvest management fertilization and variety selection. Steve worked with many crops, including alfalfa, grass hays, small grains, onions, and several specialty crops. His accomplishments played a vital role in progressing California agriculture and helping solve many regional problems related to pests, water conservation, and economic stability. The publications “Intermountain Alfalfa Management’ which he led in the 1990s and “Irrigated Alfalfa Management for Desert and Mediterranean Zones” (2008), on which he made significant contributions, are considered the leading nationwide references to management of alfalfa.

He had as special interest in weed management. His work on the control of dodder, a major weed in alfalfa production in California during the 1980s, became the gold standard for management strategies for this difficult parasitic weed. More recently he conducted much of the university evaluations with Roundup-Ready alfalfa, including techniques to prevent weed shifts and resistance in this system. His sharp observations and excellent field research also identified a novel crop injury phenomenon in Roundup-Ready alfalfa in 2015-2017, and was working with Brad Hanson up until his bout with cancer. Steve had a great ability to extend information in a fun and easy to understand style. He was a widely sought after speaker at state-wide and regional events, including the Western and California Alfalfa Symposium, Western and California Weed Science Society Conferences, and annual grower meetings in New Mexico, Utah, Nebraska, Washington, Arizona, Idaho, Oregon, and Nevada. He was a regular contributor to research presentations at the UC Intermountain Research and Extension Center, and at UC Davis. His thoughtful analysis and presentation of his own research data was always a highlight of any meeting, including his incorporation of humor that always enlivened the crowd. His talent and his in-depth knowledge were appreciated not only by many growers in California, but throughout the nation, as well as internationally. Steve gave many talks and conducted programs internationally in alfalfa and agricultural development, including Spain, Romania, Chile, Argentina, China and Mexico. The most important attribute of Steve, though was his personal characteristics. He was personal friends to many farmers, industry members and university colleagues. He was valued not only for his accomplishments, but his ability to light up a room and to engage on nearly every subject. Steve is remembered for his great sense of humor, his dedication to his family, his friendship to many, and his immense service to agricultural science. As Lynn Sosnoski stated, he had seamlessly endless cheer and humor. He will be sorely missed by all. Steve is survived by his wife Islea, sons Rob, Michael and Danny, and mother. It is with deep sorrow that we say goodbye to a wonderful friend, colleague and excellent human being.

In Memoriam – Arthur H. Lange

(Memorial read at 2018 California Weed Science Society Meeting (1/25/18) by Brad Hanson) Arthur H. Lange, weed scientist emeritus at the UC Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, passed away June 27, 2017 at the age of 94. Art was born and educated in western Washington. In 1942, he joined the Naval Air Corps and, after three and a half years of active duty, he returned to Oregon State University, where he graduated in 1950 with bachelor's and master's degrees in horticulture. In 1954, Lange earned a doctorate degree in plant physiology at UCLA and accepted an associate horticulturist position at the University of Hawaii. In 1958, he became head of the Weed Control Research Program for the Pineapple Research Institute of Hawaii. Lange returned to California in 1962, accepting the position of weed control specialist with UC Cooperative Extension, first at the Davis campus and later at UC Riverside. In 1970, after spending part of a sabbatical leave in Columbia, Chile, and Central America, he relocated to the Kearney Research and Extension Center in Parlier. During his UCCE career, Art collaborated with and influenced many of his weed science colleagues around the state. Among other honors, he was named an Honorary Member of the California Weed Science Society in 1986 and Fellow of the Western Society of Weed Science in 1977. Art retired from UC in 1986, after a productive career as a weed science specialist, and began a second career as a stone fruit farmer under the name “Honey Crisp: Tree Ripened Fruit” in Reedley, California. For 28 years, he sold his tree- and vine-ripe fruit, as well as unsulfured dried fruit at a roadside stand, at farmers markets, and to fresh produce distributors and restaurants. Art is remembered for a deep enthusiasm for weed management research that he shared with his colleagues and encouraged them to expand upon in their own research and extension programs. He was also very committed to sharing up-to-date results with his fellow weed researchers and growers via publications, as well as through presentations at meetings. Several of his colleagues recall multiple occasions in which he was observed inserting newly updated 35mm slides into his slide carousel as he walked up to make his presentation! Art Lange was impactful both as a scientist and as a mentor to his colleagues and had a large impact on weed science in California during his UCCE career.

Invasive Sleeper Cell Plant Seedbanks: Terrorists of Eradication Program John Knapp, The Nature Conservancy, 532 E. Main Street, Suite 200, Ventura, CA USA 93001 Invasive plant eradications are becoming more common as resource managers advance eradication strategies and techniques. Eradication of invasive plant species is considered more difficult than the eradication of invasive vertebrates due to the longevity and unpredictable nature of soil seedbanks. Invasive plant seedbanks behave similar to terrorist sleeper cells by lying dormant until a trigger event is signaled. Once emerged, often at unexpected times, germinated seed can go undetected and if they become reproductive can set eradications back to zero. Successful eradications must meet three key criteria: 1) detect all individuals, 2) removal all individuals, and 3) outpace reproduction. Invasive plant seedbanks can make meeting eradication criteria extremely difficult. Small seedlings are tough to detect, which makes treating all individuals and outpacing reproduction problematic. Seedbanks can also plague eradication programs by contaminating eradication personnel who then spread seed unknowingly on their person or equipment. Therefore, strict biosecurity measures must be put in place to avoid contaminating weed free areas. The presence or perceived presence of a latent soil seedbank can make it difficult for resource managers to declare eradication success. Seedbanks can be managed in a variety of ways; 1) stimulating seedbanks through natural processes such as fire, 2) controlled using pre-emergent herbicides, or possibly other more creative ways yet tested. Resource managers who initiate plant eradications will ultimately have to manage a soil seedbank if they are to be successful, and today there are advances in seedbank management yet to be developed.

Creating Defensible Spaces in an Indefensible Ecosystem. Jonathan C. Hall, The Land Conservancy of San Luis Obispo County, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA. jonh@lcslo.org. The Guadalupe Nipomo Dunes Complex (GNDC), located in both San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara Counties, is the largest relatively intact coastal dune tract in California. A coalition of agencies, non-profit organizations, businesses, and landowners, called the Dunes Collaborative, have been working to conserve the most significant resources of the GNDC by removing exotic plants that are invading the most pristine areas. Over 50% of this dune system is made up of coastal dune scrub habitat, which is being degraded by perennial veldtgrass (Ehrharta calycina). This weed species is converting the natural shrub dominated ecosystem into a grassland and is so wide spread, long-term strategies for management are the only viable options. For over a decade, management strategies in the GNDC have been built around the theory of biotic resistance, which hypothesizes that species diverse environments are more resistant to invasive species. This concept is promoted as a valuable foundation for sustainable, long-term weed management. After 10 years of perennial veldtgrass control, monitoring results showed that the Dunes Collaborative has failed to meet their management objective of a restored coastal dune scrub habitat with natural resistance to invasive species. Utilizing a conceptual model looking at attributes of the invasive species, ecosystem invaded, and environmental conditions, the Dunes Collaborative has changed their management strategy and approach. Coastal dune scrub habitat is typified by perennial shrub species intermixed with patches of bare ground. This bare ground provides valuable open spaces for native annual plants to flourish and provides a majority of the ecosystem’s species richness. These natural open spaces are quickly invaded when perennial veldtgrass seeds are wind dispersed from neighboring infestations. The structure of this ecosystem lends itself to the theory of biotic acceptance, an opposing theory to the theory of biotic resistance. In the theory of biotic acceptance, some natural ecosystems tend to accommodate the establishment and coexistence of introduced species despite the presence and abundance of native species. Based on the theory of biotic acceptance, the new management strategy to conserve the most significant resources of the GNDC focuses on building defensible spaces as buffers around habitat areas identified as critical to preserving and promoting biodiversity. These defensible spaces are based on topography and predominant wind direction to minimize weed seedbank introductions from neighboring infestations.

Establishment Stage Competition between Exotic Crimson Fountain Grass (Pennisetum setaceum, C4) and Native Purple Needlegrass (Stipa pulchra, C3) Lynn Sweet, University of California, Riverside Crimson fountaingrass, Pennisetum setaceum, an exotic perennial C4 species and a relatively new invader to California, is expanding to areas currently occupied by purple needlegrass, Stipa pulchra, a C3 native. We predicted that fountaingrass seedlings might withstand cool season competition in California’s Mediterranean-type climate and establish in Stipa pulchra grasslands due to less competition during the warm, dry summer season. A field experiment was conducted to examine competitive interactions of the two species from the cool winter season to the warm summer season. As predicted, Stipa produced greater aboveground biomass in the cool season and showed strong intraspecific competition, as well as interspecific suppression of Pennisetum growth, whereas Pennisetum showed no suppression of Stipa. In the warm season, Stipa showed relatively less suppression of Pennisetum, erasing significant differences, and Pennisetum showed increased growth. Results of this study show that C3 Stipa can suppress initial growth of C4 Pennisetum, but in warmer months, Pennisetum can overcome this initial suppression. A second study investigated impacts of Pennisetum on native California coastal sage scrub, heretofore unknown, designed to investigate which species are present where Pennisetum is invading and what impacts Pennisetum has on this community. Significant reductions in native species cover were found with increased P. setaceum cover in both years in Santa Monica Mountains (SAMO) sites and in 2010 in San Diego sites. Native species richness decreased with increasing Pennisetum cover in both years in SAMO sites but not in San Diego sites. Soil samples from high Pennisetum cover areas showed higher nitrate, water content and potassium in both regions as compared to low cover areas. These studies indicate that Pennisetum may be exploiting an empty niche in California’s Mediterranean-type climate, and it may have impacts on native plant communities and soil properties, and thus its control should be prioritized.

A Functional Group Approach to Managing Large Invasive Grasses: Case Studies with Arundo and Phragmites. Adam Lambert, Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara

Large invasive grasses (LIG) constitute a distinct functional group with characteristic life history traits that facilitate colonization and aggressive growth in aquatic ecosystems, particularly those modified by human activities. These species typically form monocultures in the systems they invade and have wide ranging and negative impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem processes. I present a functional group approach to studying a suite of LIG with similar morphological and physiological characteristics that cause them to colonize and establish in similar environments, resulting in similar ecosystem impacts. Arundo donax L. (giant reed) and Phragmites australis (Cav.) (common reed) are two of the most widely distributed invasive reeds in coastal riparian and wetland ecosystems in North America. These reeds share a unique invasive life form – primarily vegetative reproduction and dispersal through rhizomes, rapid growth rate, substantial allocation of energy to belowground biomass, and adapted to disturbance. These grasses interfere with water management and transportation systems, and are also known to compete with native plants, provide inferior quality habitat for wildlife, promote wildfire, and affect erosion and sedimentation dynamics in many ecosystems, and can also be major consumers of groundwater in arid regions. Management and control of invasive populations cost millions of dollars each year. Biological control programs have been established for both species as sustainable and cost effective alternatives to conventional control programs. Further experimental studies are needed to tie the distribution patterns of A. donax and P. australis, and other LIG to in situ environmental conditions such as climate, soil conditions, nutrient availability, and moisture requirements. Moving past the species-specific treatment of invasive plant problems to a functional group analysis may provide greater insight into the causes of and potential for LIG invasion and more accurately portray the ecosystem level impacts these species are causing.

Stress Tolerance and Invasive Spread of Arundo donax along California Coastal Areas. Scott Steinmaus, Horticulture and Crop Science Department, California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo Giant reed (Arundo donax) is an aggressive invasive grass along riparian habitats that spreads primarily by stem and rhizome fragmentation. It has been especially successful in southern California along flood control basins such as the Santa Ana River corridor from Riverside, California down to its estuary near Newport Beach, California. Previous research has identified the bioclimatic variables necessary to accurately predict its extensive spread in southern California with a base temperature parameter of 12.7C and a base moisture parameter of -1.65 MPa (about 6% volumetric water content) (Graziani and Steinmaus, 2009). Giant reed populations have become established along the beaches especially south of the Santa Ana River estuary such as Carlsbad and nearby beaches. Rhizome fragments of these populations had clean edged cuts suggesting they had been managed by some mechanical form of control. Helicopter recognizance mapping of invasive species on Catalina Island with collaboration with Catalina Island Conservancy personnel revealed isolated populations of giant on beaches at the southwestern portion of the island. These beaches are about 32 miles from the Santa Ana River estuary. We hypothesized that the populations along mainland beaches and Catalina Island could be the result of mechanical management efforts along the flood control basins such as Santa Ana River that cut the rhizomes into fragments, which then floated down and out into the Pacific ocean. Further, we hypothesized that predominant ocean currents were responsible for pushing these rhizomes back onto mainland beaches or to the Catalina Island beaches. To test this hypothesis, we needed to assess the salt-water tolerance for giant reed rhizomes and then we needed to assess predominant annual ocean currents near the mainland shore and Catalina Island. To test seawater tolerance of giant reed rhizomes we collected hundreds of cut rhizomes to mimic mechanical control with at least 5 nodes. Previous research at Cal Poly revealed that rhizomes with less than 4 nodes were highly variable in their sprouting capacity. Rhizomes were placed into nylon, netted bags, and suspended off the Cal Poly Marine Sciences pier for an extended period of time. Ten rhizomes were removed from the bags at weekly intervals and placed onto beach sand that were contained in small plastic pools. They were irrigated to maintain moisture levels above the base level of 6% volumetric water content. These rhizomes were assessed for mean number of sprouts per 20 cm of rhizome per rhizome. This sequential removal experiment revealed that sprouting ceased after 42 days of exposure to seawater. After 42 days in seawater, many of the rhizomes were colonized by barnacle polyps, which could be an explanation for lost viability in addition to seawater intolerance. We used the ocean current databases from the Coastal Observing Research and Development Center, specifically the Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System (www.sccoos.org) which compiles high frequency RADAR (HFRADAR) data of ocean currents in real time. From these data we were able to predict the direction and speed at which giant reed rhizomes (or some other floating object) could reach specific beach locations from the Santa Ana River estuary. The maps had a 6 km2 grid resolution. Typical current velocities were in the range of about 3-15 cm/s (average of 10 cm/s or 0.36 Km/hr thus requiring 17 hours to move from one grid to the adjacent grid roughly 6 km). There appears to be a consistent seasonality to predominant ocean currents and based on direction and speed, March currents tend to explain spread of rhizomes from the Santa Ana River estuary to the beaches south such as Carlsbad but probably not the southwestern Catalina Island beaches. Predominant currents of the Fall could explain the infestation of Catalina originating from the Santa Ana River but this leaves the question

of establishment without rain or other freshwater source. Giant reed rhizomes are certainly capable of landing on a beach in September and waiting for the rains of winter to sprout. Predominant currents of the winter such as in December seemed to consistently move toward the north-west at sufficient directions and velocities, which would send floating objects such as rhizomes into open ocean for a sufficient duration of 42 days preventing giant reed survival. More work needs to be done to better quantify ocean currents for the purpose of making recommendations to vegetation managers of riparian habitat such as the flood control basins of the Santa Ana River and other southern California rivers. However, based on our investigations, any control of giant reed that could allow rhizomes to escape downstream and into open ocean should consider control measures during the early winter months to minimize rhizome survival in open ocean and preventing reestablishment on other mainland and island beaches.

Smallflower Umbrella Sedge Cross-Resistance to ALS Inhibitors in the California Rice Growing Region. Alex Ceseski*, Katie Driver, Amar Singh Godar, Kassim Al-Khatib. University of California, Davis, CA, USA. *Corresponding author: arceseski@ucdavis.edu Control of smallflower umbrella sedge (Cyperus difformis L.) in California rice has relied heavily on acetolactase synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicides for more than two decades. As a result, smallflower populations resistant to ALS inhibitors are found throughout California’s rice growing region. The present study illustrates the current extent of smallflower resistance to ALS herbicides in California rice. Sixty-two grower-submitted smallflower samples collected in 2015 and 2016 were screened for resistance to four ALS herbicides: bensulfuron-methyl (Londax), halosulfuron-methyl (Halomax 75), bispyribac-sodium (Regiment CA), and penoxsulam (Granite SC). Plants were grown in a greenhouse at the Rice Experiment Station in Biggs, California and sprayed with each herbicide at two rates: labeled field rate (1x) and 3x the field rate. Only one population was susceptible (S) to all treatments; in the remaining 61 populations six major resistance (R) patterns emerged. All of the 61 R populations exhibited some resistance to bensulfuron, with 58 showing significantly reduced mortality at the higher rate. Resistance to more than one herbicide was apparent in 59 populations, confirming that smallflower cross-resistance to ALS herbicides is widespread in the region. Of note, 18 populations were R to bensulfuron but S to halosulfuron, both of which are sulfonylurea-based herbicides. This may not be fully explained by a change to the ALS enzyme target site; a combination of enzyme insensitivity and enhanced herbicide metabolism may be present in these populations. Furthermore, one population was strongly resistant to all treatments, suggesting that a substitution for tryptophan at residue 574 of the ALS enzyme may be the mechanism of resistance for that biotype, as that particular mutation is known to confer resistance to all ALS herbicides.

Weed vs. Crop Differentiation Using Crop Marking Systems. HannahJoy Kennedy*1, Steven A. Fennimore1, John S. Rachuy1, David C. Slaughter2, & Thuy Tuong Nguyen2. 1 UC Davis, Dept. of Plant Sciences, Salinas, CA, 93905; 2 UC Davis, Dept. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Davis, CA, 95616. *Corresponding author

Increasing weed control costs threaten vegetable crop grower profitability due to labor shortages, rising labor expense, as well as lack of and loss of herbicides. Automated weed control systems can help to contain or decrease weed control costs. Traditional inter-row mechanical cultivation is not sufficient, as it does not remove weeds within the seed line at early growth periods when competition for nutrients, water and light is critical. Thus, intra-row hand weeding is necessary, but increasingly expensive. Current intra-row weeders commercially available do not differentiate between crops and weeds, but rather rely on row pattern recognition. The row-pattern recognition systems are problematic where weed populations are high and the row pattern cannot be detected. In these weedy situations, the machines cease to function or cause damage to the crop. We are testing three methods to mark crops to make them distinct from weeds and detectable by a mechanized weeder: 1) Systemic Markers, 2) Topical Markers, 3) Plant Labels. The goal of the project is to develop automated weed control systems that achieve significant reductions in need for hand weeding and herbicides while maintaining a practical and cost-effective weed control system.

Survey of Bearded Sprangletop Response to Clomazone in California Rice. Katie E. Driver*, Kassim Al Khatib, and Amar Godar. University of California, Davis. *Corresponding author (kemccauley@ucdavis.edu) Bearded sprangletop (Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth ssp. fasicularis (Lam.) N. Snow) is a problematic weed in California rice production, however few herbicides provide control. As control of bearded sprangletop has declined, suspicion of resistance has increased due to the continuous rice cropping system. Seed from 21 populations were submitted by growers from the California rice growing region and screened for clomazone resistance at a field rate of 0.6 lb. ai ac-1 (673 g ai ha-1) and a 3X field rate of 1.8 lb. ai ac-1 (2019 g ai ha-1). Four populations were confirmed resistant at both rates tested. However, the survival of the treated plants resulted in reduction of biomass ranging from 30 to 98% at 3 WAT. A decrease in height ranging from 29 to 72% was observed for all populations that survived the 3X treatment. Clomazone resistant bearded sprangletop plants were initially injured but began to recover 14 DAT. Additional studies are being conducted to test the level and mechanism of resistance.

After 25 Years of Mulching in Orchards, What Do We Know? Ben Faber, UCCE, Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties Mulch Benefits 1. Soil moisture is conserved, by both reduced evaporation and reduced weeds (requiring 3-6 inches depth). Soil infiltration is improved due to reduced surface sealing from rain and irrigation impact. 2. Soil erosion significantly reduced due to reduced overland flow and improved infiltration 3. Soil fertility improved due to decomposition and leaching of the mulch. 4. Weed competition is reduced 5. Soil structure is improved from increased biological activity 6. Soil compaction is reduced with less puddling and vehicle weights are dispersed. Provides for an improved traffic surface in wet weather. 7. Moderates soil temperatures so that summer temperatures are cooler and winter warmer. 8. Some diseases are reduced, such as Phytophthora, due to increased biological activity 9. Snail activity is reduced Mulch disadvantages 1. Nitrogen deficiency may develop if mulches are incorporated or early in the process 2. Excess moisture may occur in fine-textured materials or if the irrigation cycle is not reduced to reflect reduced evaporative loss 3. Air temperatures are colder above a mulch due to their low heat capacity 4. Mulched trees may be delayed in developing hardiness due to late fall vigor 5. Weeds and disease can be introduced with the mulch 6. Fire can potentially be a problem with newly applied mulches 7. Rodent damage can be increased

Walnut Response to Multiple Exposures to Simulated Drift of Bispyribac-Sodium Mariano F. Galla, UCCE, Glenn, Butte and Tehama Counties, Kassim Al-Khatib and Bradley D. Hanson, University of California, Davis

A field study was established to evaluate symptoms, growth, yield and nut quality of walnut trees subjected to multiple exposures of simulated bispyribac-sodium drift. Because tissue differentiation for future fruiting positons occurs almost a year earlier, nut yield the year following simulated drift was also evaluated. Bispyribac-sodium was applied four times, at weekly intervals, at 0.5% and 3% of the use rate in rice (45 g ai ha-1). Injury from the 0.5% rate exceeded 5% after three applications. In general, the severity of the symptoms peaked 14 d after last application (23% and 40% injury for 0.5% and 3% rate, respectively) and subsequently remained nearly constant over the duration of the study. Growth of shoots treated with the 0.5% rate was initially delayed during the treatment regime but recovered after treatments ended; however, walnut shoots exposed to the higher rate had fewer internodes than nontreated trees at the end of the season. No measurable reduction in walnut yield or average nut weight either in the year of exposure or in the subsequent year were observed. However, both rates negatively affected walnut kernel color in the year of drift exposure.

AMP® Activator a New Adjuvant for Aquatic Plant Management Ryan M. Wersal and Bill Ratajczyk, Lonza Water Treatment, 1200 Bluegrass Lakes Pkwy, Alpharetta, GA 30004 AMP® Activator is a new patent pending adjuvant that combines proteins and surfactants to improve control of both aquatic vasuclar plants and algae. The use rate of the adjuvant in combination with aquatic herbicides and algaecides is density dependent and ranges from 0.25 gal/acre to 1 gal/acre. In small scale aquaria trials on Euraisan watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) using an 8 hr exposure it was observed that the LC50 for Eurasian watermilfoil treated with 2,4-D alone was 0.77 mg/L (r2=0.91). When AMP® Activator was added to the 2,4-D treatments the LC50 was decreased to 0.34 mg/L (r2=0.87). AMP® Activator resulted in the reduction in exposure time needed to control hybrid watermilfoil with of 2,4-D. When 2,4-D was applied alone it required at least 24 h of exposure time, however only 12 h was needed when AMP® Activator was added to the treatment. Algal Challenge Test (ACT) results demonstrated that AMP® Activator applied to Lyngbya from Lake Gaston, NC first followed 2 days later by Algimycin® PWF elicited the greatest response among algaecide treatments. Additionally, Anabaena sp. and Aphanizomenon sp. from Morrison Lake, MI subjected to an ACT resulted in the recommendation of 0.5 gal/acre-ft. of AMP® Activator followed 4 days later by 20 lbs/acre-ft of Phycomycin® SCP based on chlorophyll a and cell densities. When Phycomycin® SCP was applied alone it required 60 lbs/acre-ft to achieve the same results. AMP® Activator has shown promise at multiple scales on several plants and algae in enhancing the efficacy of both herbicides and algaecides.

Control Options for Floating and Emergent Aquatic Species John D. Madsen, USDA ARS Exotic and Invasive Weed Research Unit, University of California, Davis, Plant Sciences, MS 4, 1 Shield Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, jmadsen@ucdavis.edu. Emergent and floating aquatic plants pose a significant proportion of the nuisance problems encountered in aquatic environments. Emergent plants, which are rooted in the bottom underwater but have leaves that extend into the air, are exemplified by plants such as cattails, bulrush or tule, and giant reed (Arundo). Some floating-leaved plants are rooted in the bottom, with leaves floating on the surface. Some examples of these plants are yellow floatingheart, fragrant waterlily, and yellow pondlily. Free-floating plants are typically not rooted in to the bottom, and the plant floats freely in the water, allowing these plants to readily disperse. Free-floating plants in California include duckweeds, waterhyacinth, South American spongeplant and mosquitofern. A final group of interest are mat-forming species, which form dense mats of tangles stems which may have emergent stems from the mat. This group includes waterprimrose, alligatorweed, and waterpenny. Common species in California will be reviewed, and the ecological and economic issues of their growth discussed. Management options for these species include biological, chemical, mechanical and physical approaches. Few biological control options are available for aquatic plants in California. While there are 16 or more active ingredients labeled for aquatic use by the US EPA, there are severe restrictions imposed on their use in the State of California by various and sundry regulatory agencies. If using a foliar application of an herbicide, be sure to also include an approved surfactant or adjuvant. Mechanical control options include harvesting, hand pulling or cutting, mechanical cutting, and a wide variety of specialized machines. Physical control options alter the environment to limit plant growth, and include dredging, drawdown, shading and nutrient inactivation. An overview of pertinent management options in California will be discussed, and their various merits and demerits mentioned. When possible, scientific evidence for potential techniques should be weighed as part of the evaluation process.

Best Use Practices for Using Suppress Organic Herbicide. Heather Palmer*, Westbridge Agricultural Products, Vistia, CA. *Corresponding author hmorois@westbridge.com

Developed by Westbridge Agricultural Products, SUPPRESS® Herbicide EC is a highly effective EPA registered tool for organic growers. This proprietary product is registered as a non-selective, post-emergent, foliar herbicide for use in and around all food and non-food crop areas, as well as non-agricultural and industrial sites. The formulation is an emulsifiable concentrate that has been approved by OMRI and WSDA for use in certified organic food production. Weed management is an ever-present problem in agriculture. Yields are reduced as weeds compete for space and resources that crops depend on, and weeds act as hosts for insect pests and plant diseases which can move into cultivated crops. Weed control is always a huge challenge for organic growers and there are few effective and economical options available for use on organic food crops. SUPPRESS® provides growers with a valuable tool to help meet their production goals. In years of university and commercial trials, SUPPRESS® has consistently shown excellent results in controlling various weeds. Plant responses can usually be seen shortly after application. The active ingredients in SUPPRESS® are naturally-occurring fatty acids which disrupt the plant’s waxy cuticle and cell walls, causing weeds to dehydrate and die. SUPPRESS® is not volatile; therefore, vapor damage will not occur to non-target plantings.

Weed Removal in Organic Vegetable Crops. Steven A. Fennimore*, University of California, Davis, at Salinas CA. *Corresponding author safennimore@ucdavis.edu

There were about 100,000 acres of organic vegetable crops in California in 2012 (Klonsky and Healy 2013). Vegetable crops consist of dozens of crops and have varying weed management systems based on the needs of the crop. There are few effective organic-compliant herbicides available for use by organic producers, and herbicides play little or no part in commercial organic vegetable production. Important weed management tactics for organic vegetables include crop rotation, stale seedbed preparation, cultivation and hand weeding. Traditional inter-row cultivation plays a very important role in organic vegetable production systems. This method of cultivation leaves the seedline untouched and thus hand weeding is required to control weeds near the crop plants. However, agricultural labor shortages are common and growers report difficulty in finding enough people for many farm tasks including hand weeding. Therefore, there is an overwhelming need to find cost-effective technologies to control weeds in organic vegetables.

One of the more successful strategies for organic vegetable fields is a long-run focus on limiting production of weed seed, thus keeping the weed seedbank population low in the field. This means removing weeds during the crop production season and disking down weeds before they reseed during fallow periods. Hand weeding is the most effective method of weed control close to the crop plants in-season, but is increasingly expensive. Among new tools available to organic vegetable producers are intra-row automated cultivators.

There are at least three brands of automated cultivators, also called “intelligent cultivators”: Robocrop, Robovator and Steketee IC. These cultivators have machine vision systems, i.e., cameras linked to a computer, that detects the row pattern and identifies the crop based on planting pattern. Plants that are not in the row pattern are assumed to be weeds and targeted for removal. The information about the location of the crop is used to control an actuator – in this case a cultivator blade, that removes the weeds around the crop including the intra-row space, much the same as a human hoe hand.

Cultivator blades and weeding knives are not new technology. What is new is the combination of steel cultivator knives with automation technology to create a new type of weed control tool. The device that contacts and kills the weed is called the “actuator”. Cultivator knives are just one such actuator – there are other possibilities such as abrasion (i.e. sand blasting), flame, superheated steam, hot oil, lasers, stampers and high pressure water jets. Intelligent cultivators work well in low density crops like lettuce, pepper and tomato where there is adequate space to separate the crop plants and differentiate them from weeds. However, high density crops such as carrot and spinach will require a different approach such as a grid spraying system. In the grid system the automated weeder would identify the weeds and differentiate them from the crop. The system would then control the weeds with a physical tool such as a flame burst or abrasive grit targeted to a small spot such as a 0.5” by 0.5” square.

Another strategy that we have been working on is use of a banded steam application to control weeds in the seedline. By injecting steam in the band for sufficient time to raise the soil temperature to over 150°F for several minutes we have achieved over 90% weed control in lettuce. This is an experimental strategy and our research is ongoing. However, our objective is to apply

steam at a speed of at least 1 mph and a cost of treatment of no more than $100 per acre. This method also provides suppression of lettuce drop disease, a serious soilborne disease of lettuce.

Literature cited Klonsky K, Healy B (2013) Statistical review of California’s organic agriculture 2009-2012. Agricultural Issues Center, University of California

Developing a Bioherbicide for Today’s Agriculture. Louis G. Boddy*, Marrone Bio Innovations, Sacramento, CA. *Corresponding author lboddy@marronebio.com

Bioherbicides can be characterized as herbicides derived from a living substance and possessing a complex mode of action. A focus on natural product chemistry offers the potential for developing microbial- or plant-based products that generate a range of phytotoxic symptoms and employ a variety of modes of action. An example of such an approach is MBI-014, based on a soil bacterium formulated as a wet dispersible granule. It is particularly effective on Amaranthus species, has some systemic activity and contains at least two herbicidally active molecules with novel modes of action. A second example is MBI-011, based on the molecule sarmentine, isolated from the long pepper plant; this broad spectrum herbicide disrupts cell membrane integrity, inhibits fatty acid synthesis and inhibits photosystem II.

Organic Herbicides: A Review. William L. Patzoldt*, Blue River Technology, Sunnyvale, CA. *Corresponding author william.patzoldt@bluerivert.com

Organic herbicides have a significant role in modern agriculture. Many products on the market are based on fatty acids or essential oils and have similar characteristics and mechanisms of action. In general, these products are contact (non-systemic) and non-selective herbicides that cause loss of membrane integrity, cellular leakage, and rapid tissue necrosis upon application to unwanted plants. Furthermore, activity is enhanced with increasing temperatures and full sunlight. For fatty acids, carbon chain length appears to be important for maximum efficacy with eight to nine carbons chains being optimal (Coleman and Penner, 2006). While these herbicides are currently being used for weed management, current methods of application are a limiting factor for maximizing effectiveness in production agriculture. The introduction of computer technology, specifically artificial intelligence and machine learning with the ability to identify and treat only weeds and not crops, may offer new opportunities for the use of organic herbicides.

Literature Cited

Coleman, R and D Penner. 2006. Desiccant Activity of Short Chain Fatty Acids. Weed Tech. 20:410-415.

Managing Weeds in a Highly Landscaped Community. Lauren E. Howell, Director of Employee Development, Bemus Landscape, Inc. PO Box 74268, San Clemente, CA 92673 www.Bemus.com Lauren.Howell@bemus.com

Weed control in intensively landscaped residential settings provides a set of challenges more complicated than most other commercially maintained landscape settings. The clients, who are typically committee and board members within Homeowners’ Associations (HOAs), have a personal connection to the property being maintained and bring a layer of expectation and concerns that commercial and industrial property managers generally do not.

The homeowners in highly landscape HOA properties have often chosen to live in their particular neighborhood because of the beautiful aesthetics that the landscape provides. They have the expectation that the landscape will always be performing at its highest level with few, if any, problems, issues or deficiencies. Weeds are not acceptable! But the added layer of these homeowners’ concerns for safety for their children, their pets and themselves can complicate the implementation of weed control. Good listening combined with client education provide a channel for communication that allows us to develop a strategy that works.

While always taking clients’ needs and wants into consideration, the landscape manager is additionally tasked with working efficiently and staying within the property’s budget. Herbicide use is a great help in this regard, providing efficiencies and cost savings that are not realized with more labor intensive manual operations. But herbicide use brings the need for responsible safety and training practices that reduce damage to the landscape and exposure to employees and residents.

Implementing a successful strategy requires the development of a plan, which takes into account your clients’ vision and is well communicated to your employees. Ongoing, hands-on training and proper product selection can provide efficiency and safety. Communication and feedback with vendors allows for an ever-evolving and improving plan that is beneficial for all involved in providing beautiful weed-free landscapes.

Long Beach Unified School District: Reducing Glyphosate Use at School Sites Ashley Freeman, CDPR, Sacramento, CA, Ashley.Freeman@cdpr.ca.gov This presentation will focus on how DPR, UC Statewide IPM Program and UCCE, and Long Beach Unified School District (LBUSD) eliminated nonselective herbicides use to control weeds at school sites. LBUSD parents began demanding that the district eliminate the use of herbicides at all Long Beach school sites. LBUSD, DPR, and UCCE found a reliable alternative using a lethal steam delivery machine. The school district has found that in test sites, the machine produces reliable and lasting results that rivalling the efficacy results found in nonselective herbicides when used as part of an overall IPM program to remove, eliminate, and reduce the potential for weeds to thrive.

Nutsedge Control Strategy to Avert Potential Resistance to ALS-Inhibiting Herbicides. Kai Umeda, Area Extension Agent, Turfgrass Science, University of Arizona Cooperative Extension, Phoenix, AZ 85040, kumeda@cals.arizona.edu Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) is a very difficult to control weed in warm-season turfgrasses and is more prevalent than the easier-to-control yellow nutsedge (C. esculentus) in the low desert regions of Arizona and Southern California. Most of the postemergence (POST) herbicides used for purple are equally effective against yellow; however, preemergence (PRE) are not effective against purple as metolachlor may control some yellow. A foliar burndown POST herbicide, MSMA is very restricted and only limited to some spot treating on golf courses and sod farms. Several acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme-inhibiting herbicides including the imidazolinones (IMI’s) and sulfonylureas (SU’s) are labeled and registered for effective nutsedge control in turfgrasses. Field trials have demonstrated efficacy with two summer applications of Image (imazaquin), Dismiss South (imazethapyr + sulfentrazone), SedgeHammer (halosulfuron) or Tribute Total (halosulfuron + foramsulfuron + thiencarbazone), Monument (trifloxysulfuron), Certainty (sulfosulfuron), Katana (flazasulfuron), and Celero (imazosulfuron). Timing of POST applications of these herbicides should be initiated after the summer solstice (June 21) and followed by a sequential treatment on nutsedge regrowth at 4 to 6 weeks later. During the spring, nutsedge should be mowed frequently and in tandem, Dismiss CA (sulfentrazone) or if available, MSMA could be applied to burndown foliage. Do not overuse any of the herbicides as many have labeled limitations for total number of applications or total amount allowed to be applied in a period of time. The ALS enzyme-inhibiting herbicides have additional multiple uses for: 1) overseeded ryegrass removal during spring transition; 2) Poa annua control just prior to fall overseeding; and 3) after fall overseeding to cleanup fairway edges of perennial ryegrass and P. annua and for clumpy ryegrass control. Over the course of a year, ALS enzyme-inhibiting herbicides could be applied excessively on a site where exposures to varied rates could lead to potential weed resistance to a valuable chemistry. The Weed Science Society of America designates the mechanism of action of the ALS enzyme-inhibiting herbicides in Group 2 and the global Herbicide Resistance Action Committee has a letter designation of Group B. In the United States, there are documented cases of resistance to the Group 2/B herbicides in turf by annual bluegrass, spotted spurge, and an annual sedge. In summary, limit use of SU and IMI herbicides to 2 summer applications for nutsedge control in turf. A late June - early July initial application should be followed by a sequential application at 4-6 weeks later in mid-August. Emerging nutsedge in the spring should be mowed frequently and Dismiss CA and/or MSMA, if available, can be used to burndown nutsedge foliage. ALS enzyme-inhibiting herbicides should be used to eliminate perennial ryegrass during spring transition when temperatures and conditions are conducive for maximum efficiency of a single application. Alternative PRE and POST herbicides should be integrated in a rotation to manage P. annua and clumpy ryegrass during the winter. Optimizing a limited number of applications of ALS enzyme-inhibiting herbicides can curb the potential excess exposure of weeds to the valuable chemistry and extend their useful longevity for successful and sustained turf management.

The Road to Automated Weeding of Vegetable Crops. Richard Smith, Farm Advisor, University of California Cooperative Extension, Monterey County The use of automated weeders is now a reality in the Salinas Valley. Machines being sold or rented for use include the Robovator (manufactured in Denmark) and the Steketee (manufactured in the Netherlands). These machines use cameras to detect plants, a computer to process the image and calculate which plants to keep and which to remove, and a kill mechanism. The kill mechanism used by these two machines consists of a split knife that travels in the seedline removing unwanted plants and opens around ‘keeper’ plants. Both machines were designed for use in transplanted crops. Given that the transplanted crop plants are initially bigger than germinating weeds, current technology relies on the difference in size between crop plants and weeds early in the crop cycle to distinguish between them. Differences in spectral reflectance of the plants is also used to help distinguish crop plants from weeds. Weed detection technology is developing rapidly and other technologies that are being developed/utilized include deep learning in which images of weeds are used to train the computer to recognize weeds and distinguish them from crop plants. This technology is being used by the Seek & Spray machine, manufactured by Blue River Technology (Mountain View, CA, now part of John Deere Corp.). Crop signaling is another technique being researched by the University of California in which various types of paints, dyes and/or labels are used to mark crop plants making them more readily detectable by automated weeders. Crop/weed recognition is a critical first step in the effective operation of the automated weeders. The two kill mechanisms in current use have distinct advantages and disadvantages. Split blade machines leave an island of uncultivated soil around the keeper plant. Adjusting the knives to cut closer to the crop plant takes out a greater percentage of weeds, but runs the risk of causing greater damage to crop plants. In four evaluations of split knife machines, there were 5.6% fewer lettuce plants in the split knife cultivated treatments (Table 1). However, based on the skill and experience of the operator, the level of collateral damage and weed control can be managed. In these evaluations, fields cultivated with split knife autoweeders took out about 51.4% of the weeds in the seedline that is left by traditional cultivation and reduced subsequent hand weeding time by 37.1% (Table 1). The See & Spray autoweeder uses a spray kill mechanism that uses a dot-matrix sprayer that allows for flexible spraying of the seedline around keeper plants. It works by dividing the area to be treated into a grid made up of 0.5 cm x 0.5 cm squares. The computer determines if weed or crop tissue is in each square and decides which squares to treat. This system allows for more pinpoint treatment of weeds and may someday be used to treat weeds in high-density vegetable beds such as spinach and baby lettuce. However, the spray cannot reach under the leaves of the crop plant to take out problematic weeds. It is currently being utilized in cotton where glyphosate resistant weeds are a serious threat to crop production. It is hoped that the Seek & Spray machine will be developed for use on vegetable crops, but vegetable production fields present specific challenges such as greater diversity of crop types and weed species which will require greater development time and investment. The use of selective herbicide would greatly improve the safety of machines that use a spray kill mechanism and would allow the spray to be applied more closely to the crop plant thereby improving efficacy. It is challenging to find an appropriate selective herbicide for many vegetable

crops. Raptor is registered for post emergence use on chicory and we selected it for testing on lettuce, a closely related crop, in 2017. Raptor was compared with Shark which is currently registered for directed post emergence use on lettuce, and is commonly used in lettuce thinning machines. Materials were applied at the concentration used in commercial spray applications and were applied as one droplet/leaf/plant or painted on half a leaf/plant; applications were made in this way to simulate the type of incidental contact that a lettuce plant would encounter with a spray mechanism using the grid method described above. The droplet and half-leaf applications of Raptor had slight chlorosis, while Shark, being a non-selective contact material, caused necrosis to treated tissue (Table 2). There was no statistically significant difference in yield between treatments, but a trend indicates lower yield in the Shark half-leaf treatment. Autoweeders are being used by commercial growers in the Salinas Valley. They provide a useful measure of weed control in lettuce production. However, they do not remove all weeds and follow up hand weeding must be carried out to get weed control to acceptable levels. However, the subsequent hand weeding operations are quicker and cheaper than non-autoweeded fields. Low to moderate weed populations are necessary to help the machines work effectively; this indicates that a preemergent herbicide is still very important for autoweeders to function effectively with current technology. Table 1. Evaluation of lettuce stand and number of weeds pre and post mechanical weeding

Evaluation timing

Lettuce plants/A

Weed plants/A

Weeding treatment Hand weeding

Mean Plant wt lbs

Pre weeding 37,361 13,591 With autoweeder 6.1 1.73 Post weeding 35,259 6,600 Without auto weeder 9.7 1.90

Table 2. Phytotoxicity and yield of herbicide treatments Treatments Phyto

Sept 5 Yield T/A

Mean head lbs

Raptor Droplet 0.1 22.99 1.78 Raptor Half leaf 0.6 23.90 1.85 Shark Droplet 0.5 22.65 1.75 Shark Half leaf 0.9 21.06 1.63 Untreated 0.0 22.77 1.76 Pr>treat 0.0001 0.6220 --- LSD0.05 0.3 ns ---

Lettuce Weed Management Update. B.Tickes,University of Arizona

Summary The same five herbicides have been used on head and leaf lettuce for more than 40 years. How these herbicides are used, however, has been adapted to changes in irrigation techniques, lettuce types and precision planting. Furrow irrigation is still utilized although sprinkler irrigation during crop establishment has replaced much of this. Planting techniques and equipment have become increasingly precise and there has been a gradual shift from head lettuce to leaf lettuce. In 2017 the USDA reported that 55% of the lettuce grown in Arizona and California was treated with Pronamide, 11% with Bensulide and 11% with Benefin. Pronamide had commonly been applied preplant on bedtops and incorporated with furrow irrigation. It was found that sprinkler irrigation was was leaching the herbicide below the germinating weeds. In response, much of the Pronamide is now chemigated 2 to 7 days have sprinklers have been turned on. Split applications of Pronamide, 3 to 7 days apart, is also gaining popularity. Bensulide has also been used on lettuce for many years. It was commonly applied after planting and before irrigation on the bed top. It has been found that Bensulide works best when incorporated with high volumes of sprinkler water and much of it is now chemigated after planting. Benefin has always been used in combination with either Pronamide or Bensulide. Although it is recommended that it be applied prior to bed formation and mechanically incorporated, many users have found that incorporation into listed bed tops is more effective. This has become a common practice although crop injury is more common.

Effects of Prometryn Applied in Cilantro on Four Following Vegetable Crops. Oleg Daugovish, Anna Howell, Steve Fennimore and John Rachuy (UC ANR)

The issue: It took over a decade to secure the label for prometryn herbicide in cilantro with a lot efficacy and residue work and support efforts that were coming in waves. Now, that we finally have an effective weed control tool for cilantro the questions about plant-back restrictions needed to be addressed.

The project: With support of manufacturer and IR-4 program (addressing minor use crops needing crop protection) UC weed scientists conducted studies to evaluate intervals after prometryn application for safety to four rotational vegetable crops.

Methodology: At Santa Paula and Salinas, CA we applied prometryn at 3.2 and 6.4 pint/A the day after ‘Leisure’ cilantro was seeded and all plots, including untreated controls and all plots were irrigated. The experiments were designed as randomized completed blocks with four replications. At 50-55 days after planting the cilantro was terminated and beds reshaped in preparation for following vegetable crops. At 60, 90 or 120 days after treatment (DAT) with prometryn within each plot we transplanted Brussels sprouts, bell peppers and Napa cabbage or seeded spinach at Santa Paula, while at Salinas both spinach and Napa cabbage were seeded. At both locations we evaluated weed control and injury to rotational vegetables at 2 and 4 weeks after planting them.

Results: At Santa Paula prometryn reduced broadleaf weed number in cilantro 90-95% compared to untreated check, but as expected had no effect on a deep-rooted perennial: field bindweed. No significant injury was observed in any of the following vegetable crops, at all planting dates or herbicide rates. On a scale from 1 (no injury) to 10 (dead plants) we have not exceeded 2 in blind ratings of three staff evaluators in any plots. The stands of seeded spinach had similar number of plants in all plots. This suggested that prometryn applied in cilantro may be safe to these rotational crops in warm clay-loam soil around Santa Paula.

At Salinas, prometryn reduced broadleaf weed numbers in cilantro >99% compared to the untreated check. Results from seeded spinach at 60-DAT are inconclusive, due to problems with background effects but 90 and 120-DAT plantings had no significant injury. Prometryn was safe on seeded Napa cabbage at 60-DAT / 43 days after planting (DAP). No reduction of stand occurred, and only slight injury at the 1.6 (low) and 3.2 lb ai/Ac (high) rates (3.1 and 3.8 ratings, respectively) were observed. Prometryn at 1.6 lb ai/Ac was safe on transplanted Brussels sprouts at 60-DAT / 43-DAP. At the high rate of prometryn, Brussels sprouts showed no reduction in stand, but had moderate injury (4.6 rating). Both rates of prometryn were safe on transplanted bell peppers at 60-DAT, with no stand reduction and only slight injury (1.0 and 2.8 ratings) observed at 43-DAP.

The conclusion from both sides is that: Brussel sprouts, Napa cabbage and bell peppers are safe to transplant as early as 60 days after prometryn application, while 90 days will assure safety of spinach or Napa cabbage if they are grown from seed following prometryn application in previous cilantro crop.

Proper Selection and Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Lisa A. Blecker. Pesticide Safety Education Program, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Statewide IPM Program, 2801 Second Street #157, Davis, CA 95618-7774, lblecker@ucanr.edu. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential for preventing handler pesticide illnesses. A review of the Pesticide Illness Surveillance Program (PISP) database between 2005 and 2014 showed eye injury occurred in 55% of all handler illness cases (either alone or in combination with other symptoms/injuries). Skin injury occurred in 28% of all these cases (either alone or in combination with other symptoms/injuries). Thirty-two percent of all handler pesticide illnesses were due to failure to wear the appropriate PPE. Pesticides can enter the body through four routes – eyes, mouth, nose, and skin. Proper use and selection of PPE is necessary to protect against pesticide entry through each of these routes. The minimum required PPE for employees handling pesticides in California is detailed in the California Code of Regulation (3 CCR 6738) and is often more strict than PPE listed on pesticide labels. For example, Section 6738 specifies that chemical resistant gloves and protective eyewear are required for most handling tasks, and that coveralls are required when handlers are applying pesticides with a WARNING or DANGER signal word. Agricultural pesticide product labels reference the required glove materials on labels, either by specifying the name (e.g., nitrile, butyl, etc.) or the code (A through H). The California Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) developed a wallet-sized Glove Category Selection Key to help label readers identify the correct glove material for their situation. The Safe and Effective Use of Pesticides, 3rd Ed., provides details on different PPE materials, and how to select, store, and care for PPE. These resources, coupled with product information from PPE distributers, allow pesticide handlers to make more informed PPE selections.

Respiratory Protection - A How to Demonstration. Emma R. Wilson, Associate Industrial Hygienist and Harvard R Fong CIH, Senior Industrial Hygienist, Industrial Hygiene Services, Worker Health and Safety Branch, Department of Pesticide Regulation, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, CA emma.wilson@cdpr.ca.gov and harvard.fong@cdpr.ca.gov. Respiratory protection is required on many pesticide labels, but respiratory protection is not simply donning a mask and continuing to work. Both the Department of Industrial Relations (Cal/OSHA) and the Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) require very detailed procedures and documentation for a respiratory protection program. There are certain activities, operations, and equipment that we will emphasis in this presentation. We will discuss the elements of a respirator, including cartridges and filters; the operation of air-purifying respirators (APR); the three major types of APR face pieces; the conditions of voluntary respirator use; the types of fit tests (qualitative vs. quantitative); the requirements of both facepiece seal protection and user seal checks; potential IDLH atmosphere conditions; end of service life criteria; and elements of a training program. Though not a respiratory protection training program, this demonstration will touch on the more worker-oriented elements of respiratory protection.

Online Training to Help You Comply with Personal Protective Equipment and Respiratory Protection Requirements—A New Resource from the University of California Statewide IPM Program. Cheryl A. Reynolds, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Statewide IPM Program, 2801 Second Street, Davis, CA 95618 (creynolds@ucanr.edu) Pesticides have the potential to cause injury or illness to anyone working with them. Repeated exposure over long periods of time, or even just a one-time incident of overexposure, can pose human health hazards. Wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) reduces a person’s exposure to pesticides. The UC Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program (UC IPM) has developed a new online course on the proper use of PPE. The purpose of this course is to provide information to all pesticide handlers and their supervisors so that they can follow specific label instructions and the California Code of Regulations (CCR). By the end of the course, learners should be able to demonstrate how to select the proper PPE, use it, remove it, and dispose of it or clean and store it before, during, and after each incidence of pesticide handling and application. The course includes sections on pesticide exposure and PPE requirements as listed on the label and found in the CCR. Photos and illustrations show various types of PPE equipment. Several how-to videos demonstrate the proper way equipment should be worn and removed. Ungraded quizzes, animated sequences, and interactions are spaced throughout the course to help learners stay engaged in the presentation. A final test must be passed with 70% correct or higher in order to receive a certificate of completion and obtain continuing education hours. UC IPM strives to provide high-quality, accurate content while continuously improving instructional design, accessibility, and visual aspects to stay up with current trends in the e-learning industry.

Upcoming Changes to the Worker Protection Standard. Emily D. Bryson. California Department of Pesticide Regulation, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, CA, 95814, USA. (Emily.Bryson@cdpr.ca.gov). In California, recent changes to the federal Worker Protection Standard (WPS) prompted the California Department of Pesticide Regulation to update applicable subsections of Title 3 of the California Code of Regulations in accordance. The WPS is aimed at protecting agricultural workers and pesticide handlers from occupational injury and pesticide-related illness by providing a number of protections and requiring employers to inform workers of their rights and the hazards associated with their job. California’s worker protection regulations were revised to comply with the WPS by expanding protections for agricultural workers and pesticide handlers. The vast majority of the changes were implemented in January, 2017, but a few additional requirements will go into effect in March, 2018. Though the majority of the 2018 changes are minimal, the most extensive change expands safety training content for fieldworkers and handlers to include additional topics meant to imbue safety culture to protect both workers and their families, clarify the employer’s responsibilities, and empower workers to protect themselves.

Best Practices to Keep Pesticides out of Water. Samuel S. Sandoval, Professor and Cooperative Extension Specialist in Water Resources, UC Davis and UC Agriculture and Natural Resources, 1 Shields Ave. Dept. LAWR, Bldg. PES 1111, Davis, CA, 95616 samsandoval@ucdavis.edu What is Hydrology? How can we keep pesticides out of water? This presentation describes basic concepts of hydrology, from main climatic drivers such as Atmospheric Rivers, to how water moves in the landscape, as well as surface water and groundwater interactions. This presentation provides best management practices on how to keep any contaminant (including pesticides) out of our water, such as storing, loading and manipulating any pesticide over an impermeable layer and 100 feet away from any stream or well. The objective of this presentation is to make available the fundamental knowledge regarding Hydrology and how to keep our water free of contaminants.

DPR’s Cannabis Program – Where We Are and Where We Are Going. Rachel Kubiak. California Department of Pesticide Regulation. (Rachel.Kubiak@cdpr.ca.gov) California began regulating medicinal cannabis following the passage of Prop 215 in 1996. Following the passage of Prop 64, California became one of a handful of states legalizing both medicinal and adult use cannabis. Three main agencies regulate cannabis cultivation, manufacture, distribution, transportation, sale, and use: the Department of Consumer Affairs’ Bureau of Cannabis Control (Bureau), the Department of Public Health, and the Department of Food and Agriculture. While the Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) is not drafting cannabis specific regulations, all current laws and regulations under its authority must be followed. DPR has provided residue guidance to the Bureau and will continue to update that guidance as more information becomes available. DPR communicates regularly with county agricultural commissioners to discuss policy guidance and has drafted some initial pesticide guidance for both commissioners and cannabis cultivators. Pesticide regulation regarding cannabis cultivation is a complex issue and will continue to evolve over time.

The Impact of Salinity on Invasive Aquatic Weed Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), and its Biological Control Agent Neochetina bruchi. Emily Nicole Bick*1, C. Nansen1. 1University of California, Davis, CA, USA. *enbick@ucdavis.edu

South American invasive species water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is the world’s most economically damaging aquatic weed species. In the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta), water hyacinth jeopardizes an estimated $27 billion of agricultural production and 25 million people’s drinking water through clogged waterways. Additionally, water hyacinths are associated with an increase in evapotranspiration, reduction in endemic aquatic species, loss of agricultural irrigation water, and increase in prevalence of the West Nile Virus mosquito vector. Control of water hyacinths is possible through the integration of mechanical, chemical and biological agents. Specifically, Neochetina buchi can be used in conjunction with mechanical harvesting and select herbicide sprays to reduce and maintain water hyacinth populations. However, the Delta’s complex and highly dynamic ecosystem, with tidal influence, urban pollution, erosion, and agricultural runoff have caused challenges for the success of implementing an integrated pest management strategy. Although successful elsewhere, N. bruchi, established in the Delta in 1926, has been unsuccessful at reducing the water hyacinth population. This study examines the impact of salinity on water hyacinths and N. bruchi as a contributing factor for the biological control’s limited success in the Delta.

Weed vs. Crop Differentiation Using Crop Marking Systems. HannahJoy Kennedy*1, Steven A. Fennimore1, John S. Rachuy1, David C. Slaughter2, & Thuy Tuong Nguyen2. 1 UC-Davis, Dep. of Plant Sciences, Salinas, CA, 93905; 2 UC Davis, Dep. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Davis, CA, 95616. *Corresponding author

Increasing weed control costs threaten vegetable crop grower profitability due to labor shortages, rising labor expense, as well as lack of and loss of herbicides. Automated weed control systems can help to contain or decrease weed control costs. Traditional inter-row mechanical cultivation is not sufficient, as it does not remove weeds within the seed line at early growth periods when competition for nutrients, water and light is critical. Thus, intra-row hand weeding is necessary, but increasingly expensive. Current intra-row weeders commercially available do not differentiate between crops and weeds, but rather rely on row pattern recognition. The row-pattern recognition systems are problematic where weed populations are high and the row pattern cannot be detected. In these weedy situations, the machines cease to function or cause damage to the crop. We are testing three methods to mark crops to make them distinct from weeds and detectable by a mechanized weeder: 1) Systemic Markers, 2) Topical Markers, 3) Plant Labels. The goal of the project is to develop automated weed control systems that achieve significant reductions in need for hand weeding and herbicides while maintaining a practical and cost-effective weed control system.

Bearded Sprangletop Adaptation to Flooding in California Rice. Katie E. Driver*, Amar Godar, Alex Ceseski, Mike Lee, and Kassim Al Khatib. University of California, Davis. *Corresponding author (kemccauley@ucdavis.edu) Bearded sprangletop (Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth ssp. fasicularis (Lam.) N. Snow) is a problematic weed in California rice production. Flooding was thought to suppress bearded sprangletop growth, however after many years of continuous rice production, anecdotal evidence suggests that bearded sprangletop populations can tolerate flood pressures. A study was conducted at the Rice Research Station in Biggs, CA to test the flooding tolerance of two populations against three irrigation methods. The study implemented a split block factorial design with sprangletop population being factor 1 and irrigation method being factor 2. The irrigation methods were 1) 4 in. (10 cm) continuous flood; 2) 8 in. (20 cm) continuous flood and; 3) 2 in. (5 cm) flood. The two bearded sprangletop populations tested consisted of one clomazone resistant and one susceptible population. There was no emergence of bearded sprangletop in the 8 in. flood depth of either population. With a continuous 4 in. flood, only the resistant population survived flooding pressure and produced significantly more tillers and seed than any other treatment- population combination tested. This suggests that there may be a fitness advantage related to clomazone resistance, however further testing is needed to confirm this.

Population Genetics of the Agricultural Weed Palmer Amaranth By May N Yang1 and Dr. Katherine Waselkov2, California State University, Fresno1, 2

maynhiayang@mail.fresnostate.edu

It is common to find agriculture weeds causing the significant loss of crop yield, due to most weeds being competitive on gathering resources than most crop plant; thus, chemical herbicide is one of the effective control method that are commonly used. Amaranthis palmeri (Palmer Amaranth) is the most agricultural problematic species and has become resistant to chemical herbicide within the six different biological pathways. This makes it difficult to control the weed Palmer amaranth. There has been agricultural research focused on genetic mutation that cause resistance mechanism in this species, but there isn’t any genetic investigation of the species expansion in the desert Southwest and in the eastern U.S. and Central California, which invades into agricultural field. There is also no progress of genetic framework for a population that can relate neutral genetic variation to agriculturally-adaptive genetic variation that is herbicide resistance. Recently, Palmer amaranth seeds and leaf samples were collected in the population of southwestern U.S. and will be in the process of genotyping-by-sequencing analysis which will be perform by researchers at the University of Illinois. Calculation of genetic diversity and structure metric for Palmer amaranth across its native range will be study at CSU, Fresno for subsequent bioinformatics analysis. Another experiment that will take place in CSU, Fresno is a comparative ecophysiology with seeds that are collected from the expeditions and will be take place in the greenhouse. These investigation is to understand the processes that influence plant to become aggressive weeds, and propose possible control methods to mitigate this major economic setback in agriculture.

Characterizing the Expression of Candidate Genes for Herbicide Resistance in the Agricultural Weed Hairy Fleabane (Erigeron bonariensis). Priyanka Chaudhari*1, Diana Camarena2, and Katherine Waselkov2.1 Biotechnology Department, California State University, Fresno, CA, USA, 2 Plant Physiology Department, California State University, Fresno, CA, USA, 2 Biology Department, California State University, Fresno, CA, USA.*2 Diana Camarena (sweetdc@mail.fresnostate.edu), *2 Katherine Waselkov (kwaselkov@csufresno.edu)

Herbicide resistance is the heritable ability of weeds to survive and reproduce in the presence of herbicide doses that are lethal to the wild type of the species. Erigeron bonariensis is an agricultural weed that infests orchards and crop fields in California’s Central Valley, and has become resistant to the herbicide chemical glyphosate (RoundUp®), through an unknown genetic mechanism. One mechanism of glyphosate resistance demonstrated in E. canadensis, a close relative of E. bonariensis, is non-target site reduced translocation of the herbicide, in which vacuolar sequestration prevents the chemical from spreading around the plant. Resistance of Erigeron canadensis to glyphosate is believed to involve upregulation of the target gene EPSPS in combination with the ABC transporter genes M10 and M11. This study aims to determining through quantitative PCR (qPCR) and RNA-Seq if these genes provide the mechanism for glyphosate resistance in wild populations of Erigeron bonariensis, and/or if there are other genes responsible for the observed glyphosate resistance. Sample leaves of the weed were collected before and after glyphosate spraying in plants from 10 different populations wild-collected from the Central Valley and two control populations of Erigeron bonariensis. Response to glyphosate was used to characterize percent resistance for each wild-collected population. RNA was extracted from the leaves of glyphosate-treated and untreated individuals, and used for cDNA synthesis. Quantitative PCR primers were designed for the E. bonariensis orthologues of the E. canadensis genes EPSPS, ABC M10, and ABC M11, and pre- and post-spraying expression levels of each gene (relative to the housekeeping gene actin) are currently being analyzed through qPCR. This experiment will establish whether the same candidate genes are involved in the glyphosate resistance response in E. bonariensis compared to its relative, and among E. bonariensis populations. Future RNA-Seq analysis via Illumina HiSeq may reveal other genes that are differentially up- or down-regulated in resistant populations of E. bonariensis after glyphosate exposure. Determination of the genetic basis of herbicide resistance will provide fundamental data about parallel evolution in response to strong selection pressures, and help suggest alternative mechanisms for field control of this weed.

Biological Control of Cirsium arvense with the Use of Puccinia punctiformis Fungus. Sunny Brucker, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo jbrucker@calpoly.edu

Cirsium arvense, also known as California Thistle or Canada Thistle, has been found to be one of the most noxious weeds present in agricultural land across Canada and the United States (Skinner et al. 2000). Despite a wide range of biological control predators to this plant, most have proven to be ineffective in widespread use (Taru 2008). One such agent that deserves further research attention is that of Puccinia punctiformis, a rust fungus whose only known host has been found to be Cirsium arvense (Taru 2008). Infection of the fungus to the plant typically occurs systemically at sites of active root bud growth by means of rust teliospores (Frantzen 1994). A study was conducted in order to better understand the germination requirements of teliospores in hopes of finding optimal conditions for the use of P. punctiformis as a biological agent against C. arvense. It was found that these sites of active root bud development occur in temperature ranges between 5 C and 30 C (Frantzen 1994). The temperature effects on the germination of P. punctiformis teliospores were studied as well at temperatures of 5, 10, 15, and 20 C. Optimal rates of teliospore germination were determined to occur at the 10 and 15 C level, which fits in the temperature range of active root bud growth for C. arvense (Frantzen 1994). Results from this study may be utilized when considering the proper timing and application of P. punctiformis to maximize the chances of infection into the susceptible C. arvense host plant.

California Weed Science Society Financial Report

July 1, 2017 through May 22, 2018

Ordinary Income/Expense Income

4000 · Registration Income 104,434.90

4001 · Membership Income 1,295.00

4020 · Exhibit Income 24,000.00

4030 · Sponsor Income 11,550.00

4040 · CWSS Textbook Income 941.97

4065 · Orchid Fundraiser 712.00

Total Income 142,933.87

Gross Profit 142,933.87 Expense

4300 · Conference Accreditation 175.00

4320 · Conference Catering Expense 53,835.42

4330 · Conference Equipment Expense 6,407.65

4360 · Student Awards/Poster Expense 2,200.00

4361 · Awards-Board/Special Recog. 205.11

4370 · Scholarship Expense 8,000.00

4380 · Conference Supplies 1,403.74

6090 · Advertising 1,500.00

6105 · Merchant Services Fees 6,344.36

6130 · Board Meeting Expenses 1,536.71

6135 · President's Reception 500.00

6240 · Insurance - General 3,377.00

6270 · Legal & Accounting 880.00

6280 · Mail Box Rental Expense 90.00

6300 · Office Expense 35.30

6307 · Outside Services - PAPA 43,332.14

6340 · Postage/Shipping Expense 72.24

6345 · Printing Expense 593.23

6355 · Website Expense 2,087.50

6440 · Office Supplies Expense 206.49

6530 · Travel - Transport/Lodging 3,040.44

6540 · Travel - Meals/Entertainment 67.55

6545 · Student Travel - Transport/Lodg 2,053.93

6550 · Student Travel - Meals 185.07

6555 · Speaker Lodging/Travel Expense 2,349.33

6570 · Miscellaneous 99.59

Total Expense 140,577.80

Net Ordinary Income 2,356.07 Net Income 2,356.07

Edward Jones Investment Account Balance as of 5/22/18 - $350,063

CWSS HONORARY MEMBERS LISTING

Harry Agamalian (1983) Norman Akesson (1998) Floyd Ashton (1990) Alvin Baber (1995) Walter Ball * Dave Bayer (1986) Carl E. Bell (2010) Lester Berry Tim Butler (2008) Mick Canevari (2008) Don Colbert (2002) Floyd Colbert (1987) Stephen Colbert (2012) Alden Crafts * Marcus Cravens * Dave Cudney (1998) Richard Dana * Boysie Day * Nate Dechoretz (2003) Jim Dewlen (1979)* Paul Dresher * Ken Dunster (1993)* Matt Elhardt (2005) Clyde Elmore (1994) Bill Fischer * Dick Fosse * Tad Gantenbein (2004) Rick Geddes (2006) George Gowgani Bill Harvey * David Haskell (2009) F. Dan Hess (2001)* Floyd Holmes (1979) Nelroy Jackson (1997) Scott A. Johnson (2013) Warren Johnson (1977)*

Harold Kempen (1988) Bruce Kidd (2009) Don Koehler (2003)

Jim Koehler Butch Kreps (1987) Edward Kurtz (1992) Art Lange (1986) Wayne T. Lanini (2011) Michelle Le Strange (2015) J. Robert C. Leavitt (2010) Oliver Leonard * Judy Letterman (2017) Jim McHenry * Bob Meeks Bob Mullen (1996) Robert Norris (2002) Ralph Offutt Steve Orloff (2017)* Jack Orr (1999) Ruben Pahl (1990) Martin Pruett Murray Pryor * Richard Raynor Howard Rhoads * Jesse Richardson (2000) John Roncoroni (2018) Ed Rose (1991)* Conrad Schilling * Jack Schlesselman (1999) Vince Schweers (2003) Deb Shatley (2009) Conrad Skimina (2003) * Leslie Sonder * Stan Strew* Huey Sykes (1989) Tom Thomson (1999) Robert Underhill Lee VanDeren (1983) * Ron Vargas (2001) Stan Walton (1988) * Bryant Washburn (1988) Steve Wright (2007) *Deceased

CWSS AWARD OF EXCELLENCE MEMBERS LISTING

1985 June McCaskell, Jack Schlesselman & Tom Yutani 1986 Harry Agamalian, Floyd Colbert & Ed Rose 1987 Bruce Ames, Pam Jones, & Steve Orloff 1988 Bill Clark & Linda Romander 1989 Earl Suber 1990 Ron Hanson & Phil Larson 1991 John Arvik & Elin Miller 1992 Don Colbert & Ron Kelley 1993 Ron Vargas 1994 Jim Cook & Robert Norris 1995 Mick Canevari & Rich Waegner 1996 Galen Hiett & Bill Tidwell 1997 David Haskell & Louis Hearn 1998 Jim Helmer & Jim Hill 1999 Joe DiTomaso 2000 Kurt Hembree 2001 Steven Fennimore, Wanda Graves & Scott Steinmaus 2002 Carl Bell & Harry Kline 2003 Dave Cudney & Clyde Elmore* 2004 Michelle LeStrange & Mark Mahady 2005 Scott Johnson & Richard Smith 2006 Bruce Kidd, Judy Letterman & Celeste Elliott 2007 Barry Tickes & Cheryl Wilen 2008 Dan Bryant & Will Crites 2008 Ken Dunster* & Ron Vargas* 2009 Ellen Dean & Wayne T. Lanini 2010 Lars W.J. Anderson & Stephen F. Colbert 2011 Jennifer Malcolm & Hugo Ramirez 2012 Rob Wilson 2013 Rick Miller 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Carl Bell*, Brad Hanson & Anil Shrestha Deb Shatley & Barry Tickes Steven Fennimore Steven D. Wright*

Kassim Al-Khatib & Scott Stoddard

*President’s Award for Lifetime Achievement in Weed Science

JOE ALEXANDER NORTH RANCH COUNTRY CLUB 5052 Collinswood Pl Thousand Oaks, 91360 joealexander@northranchcc.org

TROY ABRAHAMSON CALTRANS 1120 N St Sacramento, CA 95814 neal.abrahamson@dot.ca.gov

HARRY AGAMALIAN UCCE EMERITUS 6 San Carlos Dr Salinas, CA 93901

TONY ALVAREZ PCA 1203 Corbett Canyon Rd Arroyo Grande, CA 93420 angelaalv@aol.com

MICHAEL ANDREW CLARK PEST CONTROL 555 N Guild Ave Lodi, CA 95240 mandrew@clarkpest.com

JORGE ANGELES CSU FRESNO 1338 E San Ramon Ave Apt H Fresno, CA 93710 angelesjorge@mail.fresnostate.edu

MATTHEW ARMSON DOW DUPONT 9330 Zionsville Rd Indianapolis, CA 46268 mmarmson@dow.com

JOE ARMSTRONG DOW AGROSCIENCES 1945 Carolina Ave Clovis, CA 93611 jqarmstrong@dow.com

RICHARD ATMORE R.A. ATMORE & SONS, INC. 2977 Sexton Canyon Rd Ventura, CA 93003 mari@raatmore.com

ALBERT AVILA FRIANT WATER AUTHORITY 12354 Rd 268 Porterville, CA 93257 aavila@friantwater.org

BRUCE BADZIK NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 201 Fort Mason San Francisco, CA 94123 bruce_badzik@nps.gov

FERNANDO BAESSO BAYER 266 S Monroe Fresno, CA 93706 fernando.baesso@bayer.com

GREG BALDWIN AG RX 609 South Depot Santa Maria, CA 93458 gregb@agrx.com

JOE BALLMER SYNGENTA 207 Marsh Hawk Dr Folsom, CA 95630 joe.ballmer@syngenta.com

CARL BANNON DUPONT CROP PROTECTION 550 W Alluvial Ave Fresno, CA 93711 carl.d.bannon@dupont.com

GERARDO BANUELOS HELENA CHEMICAL R & D PO Box 1263 Hanford, CA 93232 banuelosg@helenachemical.com

ANTHONY BARBEIRO CROP PRODUCTION SERVICES 7740 Houston Ave Hanford, CA 93230 anthony.barbeiro@cpsagu.com

THOMAS BARKLEY DIVERSIFIED WATERSCAPES, INC. 27324 Camino Capistrano #213 Laguna Niguel, CA 92677 sarah@dwiwater.com

DIRK BARNARD ORO AGRI, INC. 2788 S Maple Ave Fresno, CA 93725 dbarnard@oroagri.com

DAVE BATCHELDER DOT - DISTRICT 9 500 S Main St Bishop, CA 93514 robin_giovanine@dot.ca.gov

NATHANIEL BATTIG CROP PRODUCTION SERVICES 1137 Princeton Ave Modesto, CA 95350 nathaniel.battig@cpsagu.com

MIKE BATTLES LOWER TULE RIVER IRRIG DIST 357 E Olive Ave Tipton, CA 93272 mbattles@ltrid.org

TRAVIS BEAN UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 900 University Ave Riverside, CA 92521 travis.bean@ucr.edu

CHARLENE BEDAL HELM AGRO US 714 E 7th Place Mesa, AZ 85203 cbedal@helmagro.com

PAMELA BEITZ EAST BAY PARKS 2950 Peralta Oaks Ct Oakland, CA 94605 pbeitz@ebparks.org

CARL BELL UCCE EMERITUS 7969 Auberge Cir San Diego, CA 92127 carl@socalinvasives.com

LATRES BELL Alpharetta, GA pbell@dow.com

PATRICK BELL DOW AGROSCIENCES 11877 Douglas Rd Ste 102-221 Alpharetta, GA 30005 pbell@dow.com

BRAD BELL UPI 549 Dale Ave Yuba City, CA 95993 brad.bell@uniphos.com

EMILY BICK UC DAVIS 405 Scripps Dr Davis, CA 95616 enbick@ucdavis.edu

MIKE BISCIEGLIA BAYER 1735 E Hertman Ave La Center, CA 95629 mike.biscieglia@bayer.com

ALAN BISHOP MONSANTO 2370 Erling Way Kingsburg, CA 93631 alan.v.bishop@monsanto.com

CINDY BISHOP UNITED PHOSPHORUS, INC. 2370 Erling Wy Kingsburg, CA 93631 cindy.bishop@uniphos.com

LISA BLECKER UC IPM 2801 2nd St Davis, CA 95618 lblecker@ucanr.edu

CHRIS BLODGET CPS TIMBERLAND 2875 Upland Dr Chico, CA 95973 chris.blodget@cpsagu.com

DAVE BLODGET ALLIGARE LLC 3300 Nord Ave Bakersfield, CA 93314 dave.blodget@alligare.com

JEFFREY BODDE CALTRANS 703 B St Marysville, CA 95901 jeffrey.bodde@dot.ca.gov

LOUIS BODDY MARRONE BIO INNOVATIONS 1540 Drew Ave Davis, CA 95618 lboddy@marronebio.com

MIKE BORCHARD GROWERS AG SERVICE 1988 Fisher Ln Woodland, CA 95776 mborchard@tremontag.com

JACK BRAMKAMP CROP PRODUCTION SERVICES 578 Conestoga Rd San Dimas, CA 91773 jack.bramkamp@cpsagu.com

JOSE BRASIL SOILFUME, INC. 974 Friguglietti Ave Los Banos, CA 93635 josebrasil@comcast.net

TOM BRAST BUTTONWILLOW WAREHOUSE CO. 560 Champion Ln Templeton, CA 93465 tbrast@gmail.com

ROBERT BRENTON BRENTON VMS, LLC PO Box 1399 Folsom, CA 95763 brenvms@comcast.net

TOM BRIDLER 554 Delia Ct Merced, CA 95348 bridler@att.net

THOMAS (CASEY) BRIERLEY EAST BAY PARKS 2950 Peralta Oaks Ct Oakland, CA 94605 cbrierley@ebparks.org

WHITNEY BRIM-DEFOREST UCCE 142A Garden Hwy Yuba City, CA 95991 wbrimdeforest@ucanr.edu

JOEL BRINKMAN SEPRO CORPORATION 11550 N Meridian St Ste 600 Carmel, IN 46032 robins@sepro.com

MATTHEW BROCK SOLANO IRRIGATION DISTRICT 810 Vacaville Pkwy Ste 201 Vacaville, CA 95688 admin@sidwater.org

MATHREW BRONSON USDA - NRCS PO Box 68 Lockford, CA 95237 mathrew.bronson@ca.usda.gov

SUNNY BRUCKER CAL POLY SAN LUIS OBISPO 2076 Cypress Street San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 jbrucker@calpoly.edu

DAVID BRYSON VALLEY FRESH FOODS INC. PO Box 910 Turlock, CA 95381 dbryson@vffi.com

EMILY BRYSON CDPR 804 Steel Ln West Sacramento, CA 95691 emily.bryson@cdpr.ca.gov

HENRY BUCKWALTER FMC CORPORATION PO Box 218 Cool, CA 95614 henry.buckwalter@fmc.com

KEITH BUNGO WELL PICT, INC. 5201 Strong Cir Watsonville, CA 95076 kebungo@sbcglobal.net

TODD BURKDOLL VALENT USA, LLC 2461 North Demaree Visalia, CA 93291 burkdoj@gmail.com

CASEY BUTLER BAYER 1595 Blackberry Ave Arroyo Grande, CA 93420 casey.butler@bayer.com

DAVE BYNUM BYNUM AG 1499 N Rogers Ave Clovis, CA 93619 davebynum@bynumag.com

SERGIO CABRERA PETER RABBIT FARMS 79395 Calle Palmeto La Quinta, CA 92253 sergio@peterrabbitfarms.com

JOSE CABRERA-MOTTA BAYER US 2491 Alluvial #64 Clovis, CA 93611 alfonso.cabrera@bayer.com

KEVIN CAFFREY BASF 2144 Lakeshore Dr Apt 32B Ridgeland, MS 39157 kevin.caffrey@basf.com

DIANA CAMARENA CAL STATE UNIVERSITY, FRESNO 5587 N Avocado Ln Fresno, CA 93711 dianacam11@yahoo.com

AMBER CANDELA-COONEY DWR 5280 Bruns Rd Byron, CA 94514 acooney@water.ca.gov

MICK CANEVARI UCCE 4360 N Alpine Rd Stockton, CA 95215 wmcanevari@ucdavis.edu

DAVE CANNELLA SIMPLOT GROWER SOLUTIONS 8961 Road 272 Terra Bella, CA 93270 dave.cannella@simplot.com

ANDREW CARRIGER DOW DUPONT 8021 NW Lakeview Dr Kansas City, MO 64152 avcarriger@dow.com

NINO CARVALHO NINO CARVALHO AG SPRAYING 7696 S James Rd Tranquillity, CA 93668 ncas@rocketmail.com

VINCENT CARVALHO COUNTY OF SONOMA 2175 Airport Blvd Santa Rosa, CA 95403 gchiossi@sonoma-county.org

MAX CASSIE EYNON MANAGEMENT 600 Airport Rd Oceanside, CA 92058 max.cassie@eynonweed.com

PATRICK CAVANAUGH CALIFORNIA AG TODAY RADIO 2191 Decatur Ave Clovis, CA 93611 patrick@californiaagtoday.com

VICTOR CAVAZOS KERN DELTA WATER DISTRICT 501 Taft Hwy Bakersfield, CA 93307 victor@kerndelta.org

KELLY CECIL NUFARM AMERICAS 3647 Pacini St Bakersfield, CA 93314 kelly.cecil@nufarm.com

ALEX CESESKI UC DAVIS PO Box 72841 Davis, CA 95617 arceseski@ucdavis.edu

JIM CHAMBERS SAN BERNARDINO CO AG/WTS & MEAS 777 E Rialto Ave San Bernardino, CA 92415 jim.chambers@awm.sbcounty.gov

RILEY CHANEY RILEY CHANEY FARMS 4712 N Van Ness Blvd Fresno, CA 93704 rileychaneyfarms@gmail.com

SCOTT CHASE 14108 Ave 320 Visalia, CA 93292 scotchase@aol.com

PRIYANKA CHAUDHARI CAL STATE UNIVERSITY, FRESNO 1680 E Barstow Ave Fresno, CA 93710 verasity_48@mail.fresnostate.edu

DAVID CHEETHAM HELENA CHEMICAL CO R & D 3155 Southgate Ln Chico, CA 95928 cheethamd@helenachemical.com

JAMES CHEETHAM HELENA CHEMICAL COMPANY 3155 Southgate Ln Chico, CA 95928 cheethamj@helenachemical.com

BEN CHEN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS, INC. 345 Industrial Way Benicia, CA 94510 bchen@aquamog.com

GREG CHIOSSI COUNTY OF SONOMA 2175 Airport Blvd Santa Rosa, CA 95403 gchiossi@sonoma-county.org

SARAH CLARKE DIVERSIFIED WATERSCAPES, INC. 27324 Camino Capistrano #213 Laguna Niguel, CA 92677 sarah@dwiwater.com

CHRIS CLEMENS SYNGENTA 1616 Venice Ln Richland, WA 99352 christopher.clemens@syngenta.com

IRMA CLEVENGER DWR 31770 Gonzaga Rd Gustine, CA 95322 irma.clevenger@water.ca.gov

STEPHEN COLBERT DUPONT CROP PROTECTION 1413 Sierra Dr Escalon, CA 95320 stephen.f.colbert@dupont.com

STEPHEN COLBERT DOW DUPONT 1413 Sierra Dr Escalon, CA 95320 stephen.f.colbert@dupont.com

LAURIE CONSTABLE ROMEO PACKING 1034 Palermo Dr Santa Barbara, CA 93105 lbconstable@hotmail.com

VICTOR CONTRERAS GROVE CARE, INC. PO Box 1268 Ojai, CA 93024 grovecare@aol.com

CYNTHIA COSSI VALLEY LANDSCAPES 4325B Orange Grove Ave Sacramento, CA 95841 valleylandscapes4@gmail.com

FRANK COSTA OCEAN VIEW FLOWERS 2200 Drum Canyon Rd Lompoc, CA 93436 frank@oceanviewflowers.com

MICHAEL COX BASF 1536 E Princeton Ct Visalia, CA 93292 michael.cox@basf.com

ROBERT CRISTE LONZA 181 Savannah Woods Dr Newnan, GA 30263 robert.criste@lonza.com

CURTIS CROSBY DOT - DISTRICT 9 500 S Main St Bishop, CA 93514 robin_giovanine@dot.ca.gov

JIM CROSBY CPS TIMBERLAND 2705 Cedar Hollow Rd Georgetown, TX 78628 jim.crosby@cpsagu.com

WES CROXEN ALLIGARE, LLC PO Box 1175 Madera, CA 93639 wcroxen@alligare.com

HELEN CRUMPLER BRANDT CONSOLIDATED PO Box 35000 Fresno, CA 93745 helen.crumpler@brandt.co

KENNETH DAWES J.G. BOSWELL COMPANY 21101 Bear Mountain Blvd Bakersfield, CA 93389 kedawes@jgboswell.com

BRIAN DEETER GOWAN COMPANY 35124 Qualls Prather Rd Auberry, CA` 93602 bdeeter@gowanco.com

STEVE DEITZ SAWTOOTH AG RESEARCH PO Box 314 Woodlake, CA 93286 stevesdietz@gmail.com

GIL DEL ROSARIO DOW DUPONT 14781 Livingston Way Tustin, CA 92780 gmdelrosario@dow.com

MICHELLE DENNIS CDFA Sacramento, CA michelle.dennis@cdfa.ca.gov

PRATAP DEVKOTA UCCE IMPERIAL COUNTY 1050 Holten Rd Holtville, CA 92250 pdevkota@ucanr.edu

JARED DIDLER BUTTE COLLEGE Westwood, CA 96137 thehaus64@yahoo.com

STEVE DOLAR COUNTY OF SONOMA 2175 Airport Blvd Santa Rosa, CA 95403 steve.dolar@sonoma-county.org

NEIL DONAT SPRAYTEC PO Box 2951 Livermore, CA 94551 neil@spraytec.us

ROBERT DONLEY SELF EMPLOYED 2107 Pepperdale Dr Rowland Heights, CA 91748 bbdon007@aol.com

MIKE DRAPER SANTA MARIA VALLEY CROP SVC PO Box 950 Santa Maria, CA 93456 mike@santamariavalleycrop.com

KATIE DRIVER UC DAVIS Rocklin, CA 95695 kemccauley@ucdavis.edu

JON DRUCKS HELENA CHEMICAL COMPANY PO Box 1263 Hanford, CA 93232 drucksj@helenachemical.com

DICK DUBEY SPRAYTEC neil@spraytec.us

BOB DUFFEY DWR - FLOOD MGMT DIVISION 3310 El Camino Ave Ste 200 Sacramento, CA 95021 robert.duffey@water.ca.gov

DAVID DUNGY WESTCO GROUP, INC. PO Box 770 Shaver Lake, CA 93664 davidcdoubled@aol.com

DANIEL DUNHAM RETIRED 427 E Michigan Fresno, CA 93704 dandunham321@gmail.com

GREG DUNN WEST COAST TURF 1106 S Quincy Dr Turlock, CA 95380 greg.dunn@westcoastturf.com

JESS DURAN SLDMWA PO Box 2157 Los Banos, CA 93635 jess.duran@sldmwa.org

HANAN EIZENBERG NEWE YA'AR RESEARCH CENTER PO Box 1021 Ramat Yishay, Israel 30095 eizenber@agri.gov.il

KIRK ELHOLM BOLTHOUSE FARMS 7200 E Brundage Ln Bakersfield, CA 93307 kelholm@bolthouse.com

SHANEY EMERSON HELENA CHEMICAL COMPANY 3100 Orange Grove Ave North Highlands, CA 95660 emersons@helenachemical.com

SHANEY EMERSON HELENA CHEMICAL COMPANY 1075 Big Ben Rd Lincoln, CA 95648 emersons@helenachemical.com

TREVOR EVANS CALTRANS PO Box 7294 Chico, CA 95927 trevortree@gmail.com

DALE EVENSON FARM SUPPLY COMPANY 7455 Casey Dr San Miguel, CA 93451 osuzeq2@yahoo.com

MIKE EYNON EYNON MANAGEMENT 600 Airport Rd Oceanside, CA 92058 mike.eynon@eynonweed.com

STEVE FENNIMORE UC DAVIS 1636 E Alisal St Salinas, CA 93905 safennimore@ucdavis.edu

KIT FLOM RETIRED 249 S Pacific Ave Ventura, CA 93001 flomfinn1@gmail.com

DAN FOREY EUROFINS AGROSCIENCE 465 E Sample Ave Fresno, CA 93657 DanForey@eurofins.com

LORIANNE FOUGHT J.R. SIMPLOT CO. 11856 Road 29 Madera, CA 93630 lorianne.fought@simplot.com

JIM FOWLER CALTRANS 4821 Adohr Ln Camarillo, CA 93012 james_fowler@dot.ca.gov

NEAL FRIESEN QUALITECH CO 3135 Holly Ave Clovis, CA 93611 nealf@qualitechco.com

DAVID FRYE TAMMINCO LLC US 17657 River Run Rd Salinas, CA 93908 davidw.frye@eastman.com

KENNETH GABRIELSON SSJID PO Box 747 Ripon, CA 95366 kgabrielson@ssjid.com

MARIANO GALLA UCCE GLENN, BUTTE & TEHAMA COUNTIES 821 E South St Orland, CA 95963 mfgalla@ucanr.edu

LIBERTY GALVIN UC DAVIS 700 N St Davis, CA 95616 lbgalvin@ucdavis.edu

STEVE GAMBLE BAYER 2421 20th Ave Kingsburg, CA 93631 stephen.gamble1@bayer.com

TAD GANTENBEIN RETIRED 1608 McClaren Dr Carmichael, CA 95608 tadgantenbein@att.net

RAFAEL GARCIA JR TULARE COUNTY 4437 S Laspina St Ste A Tulare, CA 93274 ragarcia@co.tulare.ca.us

CHERYL GARTNER UCCE SAN JOAQUIN CO 1413 Sierra Dr Escalon, CA 95320 cheryl.gartner@yahoo.com

CATHERINE GAULT KITSON LANDSCAPE MGMT 5088 Rhoads Ave Santa Barbara, CA 93111 trina@kitsonlandscape.com

BRADY GERGOVICH SAN BERNARDINO CO AG/WTS & MEAS 777 E Rialto Ave San Bernardino, CA 92415 brady.gergovich@awm.sbcounty.gov

ERIC GERMINO 736 Bluff Dr Los Banos, CA 93635 ericpgermino86@gmail.com

SETH GERSDORF HELENA CHEMICAL COMPANY 235 NE 61st Ave #36 Portland, OR 97213 gersdorfs@helenachemical.com

THOMAS GETTS UCCE LASSEN 707 Nevada St Susanville, CA 96130 gettstom22@gmail.com

CHRIS GIANNINI FMC CORPORATION 3505 W Victor Ave Visalia, CA 93277 chris.giannini@fmc.com

CELESTE GILBERT UPI 2212 E 8th St Davis, CA 95618 celeste.gilbert@uniphos.com

GARRETT GILCREASE SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION 13970 Granite Cir Hanford, CA 93230 garrett.gilcrease@syngenta.com

MAX GILLEY SEPRO CORPORATION 11550 N Meridian St Ste 600 Carmel, IN 46032 robins@sepro.com

KADE GIUDICI HEARNE COMPANY kade@hearneco.com

JEFF GLEAVES AG UNLIMITED/LYMAN PO Box 198 Kelseyville, CA 95451 gleavesja@mchsi.com707-489-0907

BRIAN GLENN WESTHILL ENVIRONMENTAL 360 E 1st St Tustin, CA 92780 brian@westhillenvironmental.com

NICK GONZALES TRICAL 171 Westside Rd Hollister, CA 95023 n.kgonzales@yahoo.com

ANGEL GONZALEZ 63251 Argyle Rd King City, CA 93930 jagonzal2002@yahoo.com

JOE GONZALEZ DWR 1111 Gromer Ave Wasco, CA 93280 joeg@water.ca.gov

KENNY GONZALEZ CALTRANS 691 S Tustin Ave Orange, CA 92866 kenny.gonzalez@dot.ca.gov

DAVID GOODRICH CROP PRODUCTION SERVICES 2520 Skyway Dr Ste B Santa Maria, CA 93455 david.goodrich@cpsagu.com

JOHN GRACIA PO Box 1218 Nipomo, CA 93444 vegseed@hotmail.com

MIKE GRAY CITY OF FAIRFIELD 420 Gregory Ln Fairfield, CA 94533 mgray@fairfield.ca.gov

STUART GRAY SIERRA PACIFIC INDUSTRIES 8246 Churn Creek Rd Redding, CA 96002 sjgray@spi-ind.com

ROBERT GROVER 2501 Ladd Rd Modesto, CA 95356 rgrover@groverlsi.com

STEVE GROVES GRIMMWAY FARMS 4800 University Ave Bakersfield, CA 93306 sgroves@grimmway.com

DOUGLAS GRUPE HARVEY LYMAN COMPANY 8063 Monte Vista Dr Linden, CA 95236 dgrupe@lymanaggroup.com

ALAN HAACK NUFARM AMERICAS 1571 Misty Wood Dr Roseville, CA 95747 alan.haack@nufarm.com

DAVID HAAS CAL FIRE 2534 Occidental Circle Riverside, CA 92507 david.haas@fire.ca.gov

MICHAEL HAILE LINWOOD SUPPLY, INC. PO Box 463 Dixon, CA 95620 Michael@LinwoodSupply.com

GREG HALLQUIST ORO AGRI, INC. 9833 Pattycake Ct Elk Grove, CA 95624 ghallquist@oroagri.com

JERAD HAMILTON CLARK PEST CONTROL 555 N Guild Ave Lodi, CA 95340 jhamilton@clarkpest.com

BONNIE HANSEN 710 Catalina Dr Livermore, CA 94550 isbonnie@comcast.net

MARK HANSEN CROP PRODUCTION SERVICES 328 7th Ave Seaside, CA 97183 mark.hansen@cpsagu.com

DAVE HANSON 24151 Ventura Blvd Calabasas, CA 91302 dave.hanson@brightview.com

RON HARDING HARDING FARMING 242 N Harding Rd Modesto, CA 95357 rharding@bigvalley.net

MICHAEL HARDOY L.A. HEARNE CO. 512 Metz Rd King City, CA 93930 bosco@hearneco.com

CINDY HARRIS J.G. BOSWELL COMPANY 27922 S. Dairy Avenue Corcoran, CA 93212 charris@jgboswell.com

LEIGH ANN HARRISON BASF 5132 N Palm Ave #65 Fresno, CA 93704 leigh.ann.harrison@basf.com

WILL HARRISON TARGET SPECIALTY 14861 Laurelgrove Cir Irvine, CA 97604 will.harrison@targetspecialty.com

WILL HATLER DOW DUPONT 3022 S Bailey Way Meridian, ID 83642 william.l.hatler@dupont.com

JEANETTE HEINRICHS VAN BEURDEN INSURANCE SVCS, INC. PO Box 67 Kingsburg, CA 93631 jheinric@vanbeurden.com

JOHN HELM WESTERN AG RESEARCH PROS 481 W Audubon Dr #218 San Jose, CA 93711 jhwarp@gmail.com

MATT HELM MONTEREY PACIFIC 40410 Arroyo Seco Rd Soledad, CA 93960 jake@montereypacific.com

KURT HEMBREE UCCE FRESNO COUNTY 5502 N McCall Clovis, CA 93619 kjhembree@ucanr.edu

MATT HERZFELDT 827 Golden Oak Dr Lodi, CA 95242

DANNY HICKS FIELD LAB AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH 14827 W Harding Rd Turlock, CA 95380 anders@fieldlabresearch.com

DAN HIGGINBOTHAM 8970 Curbaril Ave Atascadero, CA 93422 plant_doctor_dan@yahoo.com

NICK HOFFMAN ECO-PAK 640 Orrcrest Dr Reno, NV 89506 nhoffman@ecopakllc.com

JEFFREY HOPP SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION 3314 Tranquility Way Berthoud, CO 80513 jeff.hopp@syngenta.com

LAUREN HOWELL BEMUS LANDSCAPE, INC. 5527 E San Juan Dr Orange, CA 92869 lauren.howell@bemus.com

JAMES HRUSKOCI BAYER CROPSCIENCE 15610 Calistoga Ave Bakersfield, CA 93314 jim.hruskoci@bayer.com

DOUG HUDSON FMC AGRICULTURAL SOLUTIONS 3843 Serena Ave Clovis, CA 93619 doug.hudson@fmc.com

IAN HUDSON TRICAL, INC. PO Box 1327 Hollister, CA 95024 ihudson@trical.com

JOSE HUERTA J.G. BOSWELL COMPANY PO Box 877 Corcoran, CA 93212 jhuerta@jgboswell.com

JEREMY HUGHES FARMER 12226 N Via Tesoro Ave Clovis, CA 93619 jeremyhughesfarms@gmail.com

SPENCER HUGHES HELENA CHEMICAL COMPANY 3100 Orange Grove Ave North Highlands, CA 95660 hughess@helenachemical.com

JOSIE HUGIE WILBUR-ELLIS COMPANY 1137 Princeton Ave Modesto, CA 95350 jhugie@wilburellis.com

RYAN HUMANN SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION 1233 Nipomo St San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 ryan.humann@syngenta.com

KENNETH HUMES ROCKWOOD CHEMICAL CO PO Box 34 Brawley, CA 92227 khumes@rockwoodchemical.com

LAWRENCE HUNN HUNN MERWIN MERWIN 47560 N. Courtland Rd Clarksburg, CA 95612 aug3174@aol.com

HILLARY HUNTER BUTTE COLLEGE 4274 Kathy Ln Chico, CA 95973 hillbillyrhunter@gmail.com

RICHARD HURSTAK CROP SCIENCE SERVICES 710 River Oaks Dr Paso Robles, CA 93446 cropscienceservices@gmail.com

ALEC HUTCHISON KINGS MOUNTAIN WINERY 187 Kings Mountain Rd Woodside, CA 94062 alec@kingsmountainwinery.com

DAVID ILIFF AG RX 1310 Jodi Ct Santa Maria, CA 93454 davidi@agrx.com

LYNDON INOUYE VALENT USA, LLC PO Box 183 Kingsburg, CA 93631 linon@valent.com

JOEL IRVING INTERNATIONAL WATER SCREENS 11007 Ainswick Dr Bakersfield, CA 93311 iwsjoel@sbcglobal.net

ED ISHIDA BAYER CROPSCIENCE 1773 Powell Dr Ventura, 93004 ed.ishida@bayer.com

DARYL ITO TRICAL, INC. PO Box 69 Camarillo, CA 93011 daryl@trical.com

ROBERTO ITURRALDE WONDERFUL ORCHARDS 6801 E Lerdo Hwy Shafter, CA 93263 roberto.iturralde@wonderful.com

CHRIS JENNINGS UNITED PHOSPHORUS, INC. P.O. Box 1627 Templeton, CA 93465 chris.jennings@uniphos.com

CHRIS JENNINGS UNITED PHOSPHORUS, INC. PO Box 1627 Templeton, CA 93465 chris.jennings@uniphos.com

ANDERS JERNER FIELD LAB AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH 14827 W Harding Rd Turlock, CA 95380 anders@fieldlabresearch.com

MANUEL JIMENEZ BAYER CROPSCIENCE 4301 E Hillcrest Ave Visalia, CA 93292 manuel.jimenez@bayer.com

DAVID JOHNSON DUPONT Des Moines, IA 50301 david.h.johnson@dupont.com

DAVID JOHNSON DBI SERVICES, INC. Ventura, CA 93001 djohnson989@aol.com

DUSTIN JOHNSON SISKIYOU CO DEPT OF AG 525 S Foothill Dr Yreka, CA 96097 djohnson@co.siskiyou.ca.us

JOHNNIE JOHNSON TRINCHERO FAMILY ESTATES PO Box 248 St. Helena, CA 94574 johjohnson@tfewines.com

SCOTT JOHNSON WILBUR ELLIS 1710 Fluetsch Ct Stockton, CA 95207 sjohnson@wilburellis.com

AJAY JONES SEPRO CORPORATION 11550 N Meridian St Ste 600 Carmel, IN 46032 robins@sepro.com

CASEY JONES DWR 31770 Gonzaga Rd Gustine, CA 95322 casey.jones@water.ca.gov

KENNETH JONES J.G. BOSWELL COMPANY PO Box 877 Corcoran, CA 93212 ljones@jgboswell.com

RICHARD JONES DEPT OF WATER RESOURCES 36623 Pearl Pl Palmdale, CA 93550 richjons@water.ca.gov

TIMOTHY JUNGENBERG VENTURA CO DEPT OF AIRPORTS 555 Airport Wy Ste B Camarillo, CA 93010 ana.castro@ventura.org

JURAJ JURICEVIC CLEAN LAKES, INC. 2150 Franklin Canyon Rd Martinez, CA 94553 jjuricevic@cleanlake.com

STEVE KAWAGUCHI SOUTHLAND SOD FARMS 136 Cottage Grove Ave Camarillo, CA 93012 steve@sod.com

DEBRA KEENAN RESEARCH 2000 13834 Winesap Ct Chico, CA 95973 research2000@sunset.net

HANNAHJOY KENNEDY UC DAVIS PO Box 42 Davis, CA 95617 hpheasant@ucdavis.edu

ELI KERSH ALLIGARE 122 Castro St Richmond, 94801 eli.kersh@alligare.com

KENNETH KETCHER DWR 31770 Gonzaga Rd Gustine, CA 95322 kenneth.ketcher@water.ca.gov

MARYAM KHOSRAVIFARD CA DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 1612 Daunting Dr El Dorado Hills, CA 95762 maryam.khosravifard@cdfa.ca.gov

BRUCE KIDD RETIRED, PAST PRESIDENT 39962 Via Espana Murrieta, CA 92562 brucekidd35562@gmail.com

CONRAD KIERNAN DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 100 S. Main Street M.S. 3-332 Los Angeles, CA 90012 conrad.kiernan@dot.ca.gov

CYNTHIA KINTIGH UC ANR 2801 2nd St Davis, CA 95618 cckintigh@ucanr.edu

COURTNEY KITE SILENT FIRE, INC. 2371 E Ventura Blvd #77 Oxnard, CA 93036 silentfirewildflowers@gmail.com

DOUG KLEWENO CYGNET ENTERPRISES WEST, INC. 5040 Commercial Cir Ste E Concord, CA 94520 dkleweno@cygnetenterprises.com

DAVID KLUTTZ LAKELAND RESTORATION SVCS 79 E River Spur Priest River, ID 83856 lakeland@lakelandrs.com

JASON KOSAREFF PAUL FARM MANAGEMENT, INC 15716 Marty Ave Bakersfield, CA 93314 jasonjkosareff@yahoo.com

JULIA KOSOWITZ SANTA BARBARA CO AG COMM OFFICE 263 Camino del Remedio Santa Barbara, CA 93111 jkosowitz@co.santa-barbara.ca.us

WAYNE LACEY WILBUR-ELLIS COMPANY 379 N Saguaro Dr Orange, CA 92869 wlacey@wilburellis.com

ADAM LAMBERT UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Marine Science Institute Santa Barbara, CA 93106 alambert@ucsb.edu

BENJAMIN LAMBRECHTSEN B & J TRADING LLC PO Box 3356 Central Point, OR 97502 benjamin@bjtsprayers.com

DEBBIE LARMON SIERRA PACIFIC FARMS, INC. 229 Seton Hall Ave Ventura, CA 93003 debbielarmon@gmail.com

RICHARD LARUE LARUE AGRICULTURAL CONSULTING 405 W Gibson Rd Woodland, CA 95695 lanelpca@aol.com

JOHN LAW BRIGHTVIEW 379 Euclid Ave Oakland, CA 94610 jlawjr@msn.com

MICHELLE LE STRANGE UCCE TULARE & KINGS 4437-B S Laspina St Tulare, CA 93274 mlestrange@ucanr.edu

STEPHEN LEE-THOMAS SOILFUME, INC. 34339 Road 162 Visalia, CA 93292 sleethomas47@gmail.com

KEVIN LEHAR FARMLAND LP 2125 Maverick Wy Paso Robles, CA 93446 kflehar1@gmail.com

RICK LEONARD BAYER 12204 Marshfield Wy Bakersfield, CA 93312 rick.leonard@bayer.com

DON LEWIS SYNGENTA 61 Brookvine Cir Chico, CA 95973 don.lewis@syngenta.com

ERNIE LEYVA TRICAL, INC. PO Box 1327 Hollister, CA 95024 eleyva@trical.com

BOB LINO TRICAL, INC. PO Box 1327 Hollister, CA 95024 blino@trical.com

FRANCISCO LOPEZ TRICAL, INC. PO Box 1327 Hollister, CA 95024 flopez@trical.com

JACKIE LOPEZ LOWER TULE RIVER IRRIG DIST 357 E Olive Ave Tipton, CA 93272 nsoto@ltrid.org

JOSE LOPEZ VALENT USA, LLC 403 W Omaha Ave Clovis, CA 93619 tino.lopez@valent.com

GABE LUDWIG BAYER VEG MANAGEMENT 18307 W Woodrow Ln Surprise, AZ 85388 gabe.ludwig@bayer.com

JOHN MACDONALD CROP PRODUCTION SERVICES 910 Harrison Dr Santa Maria, CA 93454 john.macdonald@cpsagu.com

JOHN MADSEN USDA ARS UCD, Plant Sci MS4, 1 Shield Ave Davis, CA 95616 jmadsen@ucdavis.edu

MARK MAHADY MARK M. MAHADY & ASSOCIATES PO Box 1290 Carmel Valley, CA 93924 markmahady@aol.com

LARRY MARQUES SLDMWA PO Box 2157 Los Banos, CA 93635 larry.marques@sldmwa.org

JOE MARTINEZ 9337 Campbell Rd Winters, CA 95694 jmagservice@icloud.com

WALTER MARTINEZ UCCE TULARE 288 N Castle Rock St Woodlake, CA 93286 wmartinez@co.tulare.ca.us

MARK MAY CAL-WESTERN WEED CONTROL, INC. 10047 Circle R Dr Ste. B Valley Center, CA 92082 calwesternweed@yahoo.com

SUZANNE MCCASLIN SLO COUNTY FARM SUPPLY 224 Tank Farm Rd San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 suzanne558@yahoo.com

KEVIN MCCLASKEY CROP PRODUCTION SERVICES 36400 Colony Rd Soledad, CA 93960 kevin.mcclaskey@cpsagu.com

GREG MCCOSKER HARVEY LYMAN COMPANY PO Box 279 Walnut Grove, CA 95242 gmccosker@lymanaggroup.com

KEVIN MCCOSKER THE LYMAN GROUP PO Box 279 Walnut Grove, CA 95690 kevin@lymanaggroup.com

GREG MCCOWN DOT - DISTRICT 9 500 S Main St Bishop, CA 93514 robin_giovanine@dot.ca.gov

DAVID MCEUEN THE CORCORAN RANCH PO Box 877 Corcoran, CA 93212 dmceuen@jgboswell.com

KAREN MCNABB Martinez, CA 94553 tmcnabb@cleanlake.com

THOMAS MCNABB CLEAN LAKES, INC. 2150 Franklin Canyon Rd Martinez, CA 94553 tmcnabb@cleanlake.com

JACOB MCNALLY J.G. BOSWELL COMPANY P.O. Box 877 Corcoran, CA` 93212 jmcnally@jgboswell.com

JAMES MCNUTT BAYER CROPSCIENCE 9930 N Rowell Ave Fresno, CA 93720 mcnuttjj@msn.com

EDWARD MEDEIROS BASF 26764 Avenida Shonto Mission Viejo, CA 92691 edward.medeiros@basf.com

NORMA MEDRANO WONDERFUL ORCHARDS 6801 E Lerdo Hwy Shafter, CA 93263 norma.medrano@wonderful.com

ANDREA MEJIA CLARK PEST CONTROL 555 N Guild Ave Lodi, CA 95340 amejia@clarkpest.com

SHERI MELKONIAN M & S AG CONSULTING, LLC 5716 Folsom Blvd, #306 Sacramento, CA 95819 sharon@msagconsulting.com

ALLAN MELTON SOILFUME, INC. 5575 Broadway Live Oak, CA 95953 meltonaem@gmail.com

JASON MENDES J.G. BOSWELL COMPANY 26085 Rd 192 Exeter, CA 93221 jmendes@jgboswell.com

JIM MERRIAM CALTRANS 2019 Charles St Hughson, CA 96326 james.merriam@dot.ca.gov

MOHSEN MESGARAN UC DAVIS 2219 E 8th St Davis, CA 95618 mbmesgaran@ucdavis.edu

BEAU MILLER DOW DUPONT 3733 Elsinore Ct West Sacramento, CA 95691 bjmiller@dow.com

LESLEY MILLER ADAMA 1118 San Fernando Dr Salinas, CA 93901 llplmiller@gmail.com

RICK MILLER DOW AGROSCIENCES 9854 Oakplace E Folsom, CA 95630 rmiller@dow.com

TODD MILLER AGRIFORM 440 West Rd Arbuckle, CA 95912 tmiller@tremontag.com

FRANK MIRANDA ROCKWOOD CHEMICAL CO PO Box 34 Brawley, CA 92227 fmiranda@rockwoodchemical.com

KRIS MITCHELL CALTRANS 50 Higuera St San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 kris.mitchell@dot.ca.gov

DAVE MOORE NEUDORFF NORTH AMERICA PO Box 2264 Aptos, CA 95001 david.moore@neudorff.us

JOHN MOORE GROWERS CROP CONSULTING 7816 Carol Sue Ct Bakersfield, CA 93308 growers@bak.rr.com

THOMAS MOORHOUSE CLEAN LAKES 31320 Via Colinas Ste 114 Westlake Village, CA 91362 tmoorhouse@cleanlake.com

JUAN ANTONIO MORALES WILBUR-ELLIS COMPANY 841 W. Elkhorn Blvd Rio Linda, CA 95673 jamorales@wilburellis.com

DEAN MOSDELL SYNGENTA 501-I S Reino Rd #183 Newbury Park, CA 91320 dean.mosdell@syngenta.com

PHIL MUNGER BRAVIN KATAELA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, INC. 22748 Road 140 K Visalia, CA 93292 bravink4ag@outlook.com

KEN MURRAY CALTRANS 1120 N St Sacramento, CA 95814 kenneth.murray@dot.ca.gov

GLENN MURTA NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 1700 Broadway #102 San Francisco, CA 94109 glenn.murta@gmail.com

BILL NAIRN BASF 7081 N Marks 341 Fresno, CA 93711 william.nairn@basf.com

BEN NAKAYAMA WESTERN AG RESEARCH PROS 22362 Parker Rd Salinas, CA 93908 bnwarp@gmail.com

WILLIAM NANTT CALTRANS 1120 N St Sacramento, CA 95814 bill.nantt@dot.ca.gov

STEWART NELSON ALL SEASONS WEED CONTROL, INC. 13259 Wood Rose Wy Grass Valley, CA 95945 kaye@allseasonsweedcontrol.com

GREG NOWELL ALL SEASONS WEED CONTROL, INC. PO Box 1548 Grass Valley, CA 95945 kaye@allseasonsweedcontrol.com

GUSTAVO NUNEZ CALTRANS 72 Reading St Fillmore, CA 93015 gus.nunez@dot.ca.gov

RAY O'BOSKY GOWAN USA 100 N Roeben St Visalia, CA 93291 robosky@gowanco.com

JOSEPH OCCHIPINTI CAPCA 4488 Foothill Rd Carpinternia, CA 93013 joseph.occhipinti@cpsagu.com

CLINT OLENBERGER SIMPLOT GROWER SOLUTIONS 25967 Avenue 70 Terra Bella, CA 93270 clint.olenberger@simplot.com

STEVE OLIVEIRA PANCHO RICO VINEYARDS PO Box 272 San Ardo, CA 93450 steve_cross_oliveira@yahoo.com

CHRIS OLSEN BAYER 24371 Verona Ct Wildomar, CA 92595 chris.olsen@bayer.com

GARY OMORI AGRI CHEMICAL 7100 Estrella de Mar Rd Carlsbad, CA 92009 quincyo@mac.com

MELISSA O'NEAL MARRONE BIO INNOVATIONS/CSU FRESNO 3111 Linden Ave Bakersfield, CA 93305 moneal@marronebio.com

SCOTT ONETO UCCE CENTRAL SIERRA 12200B Airport Rd Jackson, CA 95642 sroneto@ucdavis.edu

GERARDO OROZCO TRICAL, INC. PO Box 1327 Hollister, CA 95024 gorozco@trical.com

GARY OSTEEN PO Box 20006 Bakersfield, CA 93390 gwosteen@aol.com

GREG OSTEEN PO Box 20006 Bakersfield, CA 93390 gregwins52@yahoo.com

JEROME OTTO DOW AGROSCIENCES 1102 Larkspur Ct Scottsbluff, NE 69361 jmotto@dow.com

JEROME OTTO DOW DUPONT 1102 Larkspur Ct Scottsbluff, NE 69361 jmotto@dow.com

JEFFREY PACHECO DUPONT 2740 E Mountain Sky Ave Phoenix, AZ 85048 jeffrey.l.pacheco@dupont.com

HEATHER PALMER WESTBRIDGE AG PRODUCTS 1260 Avenida Chelsea Vista, CA 92081 marketing@westbridge.com

ANDREW PALRANG BAYER 740 S Lum Ave Kerman, CA 93630 drew1bcs@gmail.com

JOEY PALUMBO 2435 Fairmont Ave Clovis, CA 93611 joeypalumbo@sbcglobal.net

NIK PARIS J.G. BOSWELL COMPANY PO Box 877 Corcoran, CA 93212 nparis@jgboswell.com

RICHARD PARK CLARK PEST CONTROL 555 N Guild Ave Lodi, CA 95240 rpark@clarkpest.com

KELLY PARKINS CITY OF LONG BEACH 340 Peralta Ave Long Beach, CA 90803 kelly.parkins@longbeach.gov

JON PASQUINELLI ORO AGRI, INC. jpasquinelli@oroagri.com

BRIAN PATZ DOT - DISTRICT 9 500 S Main St Bishop, CA 93514 robin_giovanine@dot.ca.gov

WILLIAM PATZOLDT BLUE RIVER TECHNOLOGY 575 N Pastoria Ave Sunnyvale, CA 94085 william.patzoldt@bluerivert.com302-547-5091

CRAIG PAULY BASF 16791 S Ave 2 1/4 E Yuma, AZ 85365 craig.pauly@basf.com

MONTE PECKINPAH VALENT USA, LLC 5444 W Grove Ct Visalia, CA 93291 mpeck@valent.com

ANDREW PEDERSEN BRANDT PO Box 35000 Fresno, CA 93745 helen.crumpler@brandt.co; andrew.pedersen@brandt.co

DENNIS PENNER ABATE-A-WEED 6100 Prescott Forest Ct Bakersfield, CA 93314 dennis@abateaweed.com

ROGER PENNER PENNER ADVISORY 26124 Walch Ave Orland, CA 95963

MICHAEL PRUETT LANDSCAPES USA 9164 Rehco Rd San Diego, CA 92121 mpruett@landscapesusa.com

NICHOEL PRYOR SYNGENTA 21435 County Rd 98 Woodland, CA 95695 nichoel.pryor@syngenta.com

STEVE PYLE SYNGENTA PO Box 18300 Greensboro, NC 27419 steve.pyle@syngenta.com

JOHN RACHUY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 1636 E Alisal St Salinas, CA 93905 jrachuy@ucdavis.edu

ABRAHAM RAMIREZ HELENA CHEMICAL COMPANY 2397 A St Santa Maria, CA 93455 ramirezabraham@helenachemical.com

HUGO RAMIREZ SYNGENTA 28687 Road 148 Visalia, CA 93292 hugo.ramirez@syngenta.com

JEANNETTE RAPICAVOLI SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION 17 Abarrota St Rancho Mission Viego, CA 92694 jeannette.rapicavoli@syngenta.com

HUGH RATHBUN DELLAVALLE LABORATORY, INC. 1910 W McKinley Ave Ste 110 Fresno, CA 93728 hrathbun@dellavallelab.com

RICH RECORDS AGRI TURF DISTRIBUTING 10551 Hathaway Dr Santa Fe Springs, CA 90670 rrecords@agriturfdistributing.com

MAGGIE REITER UCCE FRESNO 550 E Shaw Ste 210-B Fresno, CA 93710 mkreiter@ucanr.edu

RILEY REYNOLDS ORO AGRI, INC. rreynolds@oroagri.com

WHITNEY REYNOLDS BRANDT CONSOLIDATED 166 W Peace River Dr Fresno, CA 93711 whitney.reynolds@brandt.co

ANDREW RICHARD DOT - DISTRICT 9 500 S Main St Bishop, CA 93514 robin_giovanine@dot.ca.gov

JESSE RICHARDSON DOW AGROSCIENCES 9846 Lincoln Ave Hesperia, CA 92345 jmrichardson@dow.com

SONIA RIOS UCCE RIVERSIDE & SAN DIEGO sirios@ucanr.edu

AMY RITCHARDSON WILBUR-ELLIS COMPANY 841 W Elkhorn Blvd Rio Linda, CA 95673 aritchardson@wilburellis.com

FRANCISCO RIVERA OMEX 325 Montclair St Delano, CA 93309 franciscoorg@omex.com

JASON ROBBINS TARGET-SPECIALTY PRODUCTS 9120 Hunters Creek Wy Chowchilla, CA 93610 jason.robbins@target-specialty.com

TOM ROGERS MERCED IRRIGATION DISTRICT 3321 N Franklin Rd Merced, CA 95348 trogers@mercedid.org

ERNESTO ROSALES HELIX ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRUCTION GROUP 7578 El Cajon Blvd La Mesa, CA 91942 ErnestoR@helixepi.com

GIOVANNI ROSSINI TANGLE RIDGE 523 W Fallbrook Ave Clovis, cA 93611 grossini1769@gmail.com

CODY ROYCE DOT - DISTRICT 9 500 S Main St Bishop, CA 93514 robin_giovanine@dot.ca.gov

MICHAEL RUPERT WILBUR-ELLIS COMPANY 5375 5th St Rocklin, CA 95677 mrupert@wilburellis.com

DON SALFEN LYMAN GROUP 13045 Borden Rd Herald, CA 95638 sheep4u@inreach.com

JEROME SALVADOR SALVADOR CONSULTING PO Box 361 Tranquillity, CA 93668 jfsalvador@comcast.net

JAMES SCHAEFFER UCCE, FRESNO COUNTY 550 E Shaw Ste 210 Fresno, CA 93710 jmschaeffer@ucanr.edu

ROD SCHEAFFER 2124 Miekle Ave Woodland, CA 95776 rscheaffer@ampropserv.com

JOHN SCHEIMER PO Box 248 Arbuckle, CA 95912 jwscheimer@frontiernet.net

TROY SCHLUNDT AG RX 751 S Rose Ave Oxnard, CA 93035 troys@agrx.com

SHARON SCHNABEL M & S AG CONSULTING, LLC 5716 Folsom Blvd, #306 Sacramento, CA 95819 sharon@msagconsulting.com

ANDREA SEALOCK CYGNET ENTERPRISES WEST, INC. 5040 Commercial Cir Ste E Concord, CA 94520 asealock@cygnetenterprises.com

JOSEPH SEDOR INDEPENDENT PCA 733 Washington St Delano, CA 93215 joesedor@pacbell.net

ADAM SEVIER BUENA VISTA WATER STORAGE DIST 525 N Main St PO Box 756 Buttonwillow, CA 93026 adams@bvh2o.com

JANET SHARP BASF 1641 N Ripon Rd #108 Ripon, CA 95366 janet.sharp@basf.com

DEB SHATLEY TERRAMERA PO Box 519 Lincoln, CA 95648 deb.shatley@terramera.com

MARK SHEPHERD NETAFIM USA 3370 S McCall Sanger, CA 93657 mark.shepherd@netafim.com

SCOTT SHULER SEPRO CORPORATION 11550 N Meridian St Ste 600 Carmel, IN 46032 robins@sepro.com

ADRIAN SHUM CALTRANS 464 W 4th St San Bernardino, CA 92401 adrian.shum@dot.ca.gov

DAVE SILLS SIMPLOT GROWER SOLUTIONS 3301 Stonehurst Dr El Dorado Hills, CA 95762 davesills@att.net

JOSE L. SILVA SIMPLOT GROWER SOLUTIONS 5106 S Alamo Rd Edinburg, TX 78542 jose.l.silva@simplot.com

NORMAN SILVEIRA WILBUR-ELLIS COMPANY 3972 Serena Ave Clovis, CA 93619 nsilveir@wilburellis.com

ROBERT SIMAS 418 Buena Vista Way Woodland, CA 95695 rjsimas@sbcglobal.net

PATRICK SIMMSGEIGER DIVERSIFIED WATERSCAPES, INC 27324 Camino Capistrano #213 Laguna Niguel, CA 92677 sarah@dwiwater.com

JOHN SMITH DELTA AG SERVICE PO Box 690 Ripon, CA 95366 deltaag@att.net

MATTHEW SMITH CROP PRODUCTION SERVICES 2402 Ridgemark Dr Santa Maria, CA 93455 matt.smith@cpsagu.com

RICHARD SMITH UCCE MONTEREY COUNTY 1432 Abbott St Salinas, CA 93901 rifsmith@ucdavis.edu

STEPHEN SMITH ARVIN EDISON WATER STORAGE DIST PO Box 175 Arvin, CA 93203 stephensmith5295@gmail.com

MICHAEL SOMMER SIMPLOT PARTNERS 1024 Beech Street Santa Paula, CA 93060 mes@simplot.com

BRIAN SOUZA DIMARE 22036 W Hwy 152 Los Banos, CA 93635 bsouza@dimare-ca.com

JOHN SPITHORST CALTRANS PO Box 231 Wilton, CA 95693 john.spithorst@dot.ca.gov

GARY SPONSLER CITY OF FAIRFIELD 420 Gregory Ln Fairfield, CA 94533 gsponsler@fairfield.ca.gov

DAVID STACH CALTRANS 703 B St Marysville, CA 95901 david.stach@dot.ca.gov

STEPHANIE STARK SANTA BARBARA CO AG COMM OFFICE 263 Camino del Remedio Santa Barbara, CA 93111 sstark@co.santa-barbara.ca.us

WAYNE STEELE DOW DUPONT 2114 E Omaha Ave Fresno, CA 93720 wayne.j.steele@dupont.com

SCOTT STEINMAUS CAL POLY, SAN LUIS OBISPO San Luis Obispo, CA ssteinma@calpoly.edu

FORREST STEPHANIAN CALIFORNIA VETERAN SUPPLY INC. 1109 4th St Clovis, CA 93612 forrest@veteransupply.com

SEAN STEVENS PO Box 651 Santa Paula, CA 93061 sstevens@wellpict.com

SCOTT STODDARD UCCE 2145 Wardrobe Rd Merced, CA 95341 csstoddard@ucanr.edu

FRED STRAUSS CCA PO Box 247 Vernalis, CA 95345 fredpca@yahoo.com

JOHN STROBEL CALTRANS PO Box 606 Altaville, CA 95221 john.strobel@dot.ca.gov

JIM STURGES SUMMIT AGRO - USA 2831 Ashland Dr Roseville, CA 95661 jim.sturges@summitagro-usa.com

KEHAN SUN C H BIOTECH 601 Ketterin Pomona, CA 91761 yupeter130@yahoo.com

KB SWAIN NORSTAR INDUSTRIES 2302 A St SE Auburn, WA 98002 kbs@norstarind.com

CHUCK SYNOLD AGRI TURF DISTRIBUTING 2478 N Bundy Fresno, CA 93727 csynold@agriturfdistributing.com

BRYAN TAHMAZIAN PO Box 550 Kingsburg, CA 93631 bt2644@sbcglobal.net

JIM TATMAN TRICAL, INC. PO Box 1327 Hollister, CA 95024 jtatman@trical.com

JASON TAYLOR TULARE COUNTY 4437 S Laspina St Ste A Tulare, CA 93274 jltaylor@co.tulare.ca.us

STEVE THOMAS ATTAWAY FIELD RESEARCH 1050 E Gobbi St Ukiah, CA 95482 stevethomas929@gmail.com

TERRI THOMAS DUPONT CROP PROTECTION 624 Merlot Ave Madera, CA 93637 terri.l.thomas@dupont.com

BRYAN THOMPSON PEST OPTIONS, INC. 135 N Manchester Ave Anaheim, CA 92802 bthompson@pestoptions.com

BARRY TICKES UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2524 Mutahar Parker, AZ 85344 btickes@ag.arizona.edu

JEFF TIENKEN T AND T AG SERVICES PO Box 915 Lindsay, CA 93247

SCOTT TIPTON 1211 Pinecrest Dr Concord, CA 94521 vsinc.scott@gmail.com

LAMONTE TUMBLING MERCED IRRIGATION DISTRICT 3321 N Franklin Rd Merced, CA 95348 ltumbling@mercedid.org

BUZZ UBER CROP INSPECTION SERVICE 31130 Hilltop Dr Valley Center, CA 92082 buzzuber@cs.com

RICHARD VASQUEZ CITY OF FAIRFIELD 420 Gregory Ln Fairfield, CA 94533 rvasquez@fairfield.ca.gov

JOSEPH VASSIOS UNITED PHOSPHORUS, INC. 2817 Catalina Dr Rocklin, CA 95765 joseph.vassios@uniphos.com

DAN VEIK SOILFUME, INC. 655 Apple Blossom Ct Watsonville, CA 95076 dan@soilfume.com

JONATHAN VELAZQUEZ KB BERRY FARMS 393 Highland Dr Santa Maria, CA 93455 jonv.4@hotmail.com

ORLANDO VELAZQUEZ KLEEN GLOBE, INC. 11280 Commercial Parkway Castroville, CA 95012 orlando@kleenglobe.com

TIMOTHY VERRINDER HELENA CHEMICAL R & D 116 E Reilly Rd Merced, CA 95341 verrindert@helenachemical.com

ELAN VISS FIELD LAB AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH 14827 W Harding Rd Turlock, CA 95380 anders@fieldlabresearch.com

LEAH VOLKOFF VOLKOFF AG 30348 Madera Ave Shafter, CA 93263 leahvolkoff@gmail.com

STEVE VOLKOFF CUSTOM APPLICATOR 30348 Madera Ave Shafter, CA 93263 volkoffag@me.com

GORDON VOSTI BAYER 731 Via Bandolero Arroyo Grande, CA 93420 gordon.vosti@bayer.com

JEREMY WAGNITZ BASF jeremy.wagnitz@basf.com

PAUL WALGENBACH BAYER CROP SCIENCE 789 Lakecrest Dr El Dorado Hills, CA 95762 paul.walgenbach@bayer.com

KATHERINE WALKER BASF 318 Seabright Ave Santa Cruz, CA 95062 katherine.walker@basf.com

MARK WANDER WANDER WILDLAND MGMT LANDSCP SOLUTIONS 16310 Robie Ln Los Gatos, CA 95032 mwander86@gmail.com

KENNETH WARREN SLO COUNTY FARM SUPPLY PO Box 698 Cayucos, CA 93430 villaavo@gmail.com

KATHERINE WASELKOV CAL STATE UNIVERSITY, FRESNO 2555 E. San Ramon Ave., M/S SB 73, Department of Biology Fresno, CA 93740 kwaselkov@csufresno.edu

GERALD WATSON WATSON AG CHEMICALS PO Box 160 Caruthers, CA 93609 shoeshopper11@yahoo.com

RYAN WERSAL LONZA WATER CARE 1200 Bluegrass Lakes Pkwy Alpharetta, GA 30004 ryan.wersal@lonza.com

NANCY WESTCOTT GOAT THROAT PUMPS 60 Shell Ave Milford, CT 0 nwestcott@goatthroat.com

PAUL WESTCOTT LONZA/APPLIED BIOCHEMISTS 15420 N 29th Ave Phoenix, AZ 85053 paul.westcott@lonza.com

ROGER WHEELER ROGER WHEELER LANDSCAPING PO Box 249 Kelseyville, CA 95451 wheelerdream@hotmail.com

DAN WICKHAM WILBUR-ELLIS COMPANY 1 Los Pioneros Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688 dwickham@wilburellis.com

CHARLIE WIDLE CPSAGU 5279 Southcreek Ct Santa Maria, CA 93455 charlie.widle@cpsagu.com

FRANK WILLIAMS 3009 E Cardella Firebaugh, CA 93622 wffarms97@gmail.com

MIKE WILLIAMS OMEX 2885 Richert Ave Clovis, CA 93611 mikew@omex.com

STEVE WRIGHT UCCE TULARE & KINGS 15125 El Rancho Ave Visalia, CA 93292 sdwright@ucanr.edu

MAY YANG CSU FRESNO 3659 W Floradora Ave Fresno, CA 93722 maynhiayang@mail.fresnostate.edu

TOM YI CALTRANS 801 Terrace Ln E Unit 2 Diamond Bar, CA 91765 tom.yi@dot.ca.gov

PETER YU C H BIOTECH 601 Ketterin Pomona, CA 91761 yupeter130@yahoo.com

DAVID ZACHARY DWR 4102 Sabodan St Bakersfield, CA 93313 david.zachary@water.ca.gov

ARIANA ZAMORA CAPCA 3600 Vista Glen Cir Yorba Linda, CA 92886 ariana@capca.com

MATT ZOOST ALLIGARE, LLC 9975 Sable Point St Las Vegas, NV 89178 mattzoost99@gmail.com

CALIFORNIA WEED SCIENCE SOCIETY Conference History

CONFERENCE DATES HELD LOCATION PRESIDENT 1st February 16, 17, 1949 Sacramento Walter Ball 2nd April 4, 5, 6, 1950 Pomona Walter Ball 3rd January 30, 31, Feb. 1, 1951 Fresno Alden Crafts 4th January 22, 23, 24, 1952 San Luis Obispo Murray Pryor 5th January 20, 21, 22, 1953 San Jose Bill Harvey 6th January 27, 28, 1954 Sacramento Marcus Cravens 7th January 26, 27, 1955 Santa Barbara Lester Berry 8th February 15, 16, 17, 1956 Sacramento Paul Dresher 9th January 22, 23, 24, 1957 Fresno James Koehler 10th January 21, 22, 23, 1958 San Jose Vernon Cheadle 11th January 20, 21, 22, 1959 Santa Barbara J. T. Vedder 12th January 19, 20, 21, 1960 Sacramento Bruce Wade 13th January 24, 25, 26, 1961 Fresno Stan Strew 14th January 23, 24, 25, 1962 San Jose Oliver Leonard 15th January 22, 23, 24, 1963 Santa Barbara Charles Siebe 16th January 21, 22, 23, 1964 Sacramento Bill Hopkins 17th January 19, 20, 21, 1965 Fresno Jim Dewlen 18th January 18, 19, 20, 1966 San Jose Norman Akesson 19th January 24, 25, 26, 1967 San Diego Cecil Pratt 20th January 22, 23, 24, 1968 Sacramento Warren Johnson 21st January 20, 21, 22, 1969 Fresno Floyd Holmes 22nd January 19, 20, 21, 1970 Anaheim Vince Schweers 23rd January 18, 19, 20, 1971 Sacramento Dell Clark 24th January 16, 17, 18, 19, 1972 Fresno Bryant Washburn 25th January 15, 16, 17, 1973 Anaheim Howard Rhoads 26th January 21, 22, 23, 24, 1974 Sacramento Tom Fuller 27th January 20, 21, 22, 1975 Fresno Dick Fosse 28th January 19, 20, 21, 1976 San Diego Jim McHenry 29th January 17, 18, 19, 1977 Sacramento Les Sonder 30th January 16, 17, 18, 1978 Monterey Floyd Colbert 31st January 15, 16, 17, 18, 1979 Los Angeles Harry Agamalian 32nd January 21, 22, 23, 24, 1980 Sacramento Conrad Schilling 33rd January 19, 20, 21, 22, 1981 Monterey Lee Van Deren 34th January 18, 19, 20, 21, 1982 San Diego Dave Bayer 35th January 17, 18, 19, 20, 1983 San Jose Butch Kreps 36th January 16, 17, 18, 19, 1984 Sacramento Ed Rose 37th January 21, 22, 23, 24, 1985 Anaheim Hal Kempen 38th January 27, 28, 19, 30, 1986 Fresno Ray Ottoson 39th January 26, 27, 28, 29, 1987 San Jose Ken Dunster 40th January 18, 19, 20, 21, 1988 Sacramento George Gowgani 41st January 16, 17, 18, 1989 Ontario Ed Kurtz 42nd January 15, 16, 17, 1990 San Jose Dennis Stroud

CALIFORNIA WEED SCIENCE SOCIETY Conference History

CONFERENCE DATES HELD LOCATION PRESIDENT 43rd January 21, 22, 23, 1991 Santa Barbara Jack Orr 44th January 20, 21, 22, 1992 Sacramento Nate Dechoretz 45th January 18, 19, 20, 1993 Costa Mesa Alvin A. Baber 46th January 17, 18, 19, 1994 San Jose James Greil 47th January 16, 17, 19, 1995 Santa Barbara Nelroy Jackson 48th January 22, 23, 24, 1996 Sacramento Dave Cudney 49th January 20, 21, 22, 1997 Santa Barbara Jesse Richardson 50th January 12, 13, 14, 1998 Monterey Ron Vargas 51st January 11, 12, 13, 1999 Anaheim Scott Johnson 52nd January 10, 11, 12, 2000 Sacramento Steve Wright 53rd January 8, 9, 10, 2001 Monterey Matt Ehlhardt 54th January 14, 15, 16, 2002 San Jose Lars Anderson 55th January 20, 21, 22, 2003 Santa Barbara Bruce Kidd 56th January 12, 13, 14, 2004 Sacramento Pam Geisel 57th January 10, 11, 12, 2005 Monterey Debra Keenan 58th January 16, 17, 18 2006 Ventura L. Robert Leavitt 59th January 8, 9, 10, 2007 San Diego Deb Shatley 60th January 28, 29, 30, 2008 Monterey Carl Bell 61st January 28, 29, 30, 2009 Sacramento Stephen Colbert 62nd January 11. 12. 13 2010 Visalia Stephen Colbert 63rd January 19, 20, 21, 2011 Monterey Dave Cheetham 64th January 23, 24, 25 2012 Santa Barbara Michelle Le Strange 65th January 23, 24, 25 2013 Sacramento Chuck Synold 66th January 22, 23, 24 2014 Monterey Steve Fennimore 67th January 21, 22, 23, 2015 Santa Barbara Rick Miller 68th January 13, 14, 15, 2016 Sacramento John Roncoroni 69th January 18, 19, 20, 2017 Monterey Katherine Walker 70th January 24, 25, 26, 2018 Santa Barbara Maryam Khosravifard

· 2017/2018 OFFICERS AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS Maryam Khosravifard, President Joseph Vassios, Vice President/Program Chair Travis Bean, Secretary Katherine Walker, Past President Dave

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