1 Chapters 24&25 © Shawn McCusker 2/13/2014 2 Europe faced hard economic times in the 1920s and 30s, just like America did. The Treaty of Versailles.

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Chapters 24&25

© Shawn McCusker

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Europe faced hard economic times in the 1920’s and 30’s, just like America did.

The Treaty of Versailles failed to address the problems after WWI, causing many hardships.

• Germany blamed for the war, stripped of all overseas colonies and border territories.

• Russia lost huge territories.

Many young democracies collapsed and desperate countries turned to strong, outspoken leaders.

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Soviet Union = Josef Stalin

Italy = Benito Mussolini

Germany = Adolph Hitler

Japan = Military Rule

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All encouraged fierce Nationalism

All were experiencing an extreme economic crisis.

All promised that they would restore their countries to their previous greatness

All wanted to gain new lands for resources (and ego).

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Soviet Union Stalin tries to create a communist state country.

He created a police state.

Creates a TOTALITARIAN state.– Def: a country that maintains complete control over

its citizens, individuals have no rights, and all political opposition is oppressed.

Seized all farms and put farmers into 100 family collectives. Productivity decreases led to famine.

He exiles or kills any political enemies. (Somewhere between 8 and 13 million people)

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1931- Invaded China (Manchuria). The League of Nations did nothing.

Began conquering Pacific Islands. LON= Nothing

The U.S. worried about the Japanese presence in the Pacific and placed an embargo on oil and steel.

This eventually leads the Japanese to plan the sneak attack on Pearl Harbor in

1941.

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Under pressure of violence the king appointed Benito Mussolini when fascists were elected to other important posts.

Benito Mussolini created his own totalitarian regime.

Fascists- intense nationalism, also called black shirts.

People called him IL Duce (the Chief).

He became popular because of his efficiency, he made the country work. – “He made the trains run on time.”

1935- Invaded Ethiopia – LON did nothing.

ItalyItaly

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Germany Hitler and the Nazi (National Socialist German

Worker’s) Party gained power in Germany in the early 1930’s.

The Nazi’s were elected the majority party in 1932. Hitler was appointed Chancellor in 1933.

Hitler began to violate the Treaty of Versailles. Remember what it did?

He began to improve the economy by increasing size and power of the military.

During WWI, Germany borrowed heavily expecting that they would win the war and have the losers repay the loans. In addition to these debts, Germany faced huge reparation payments. Together, these debts exceeded Germany's GDP.

   In 1923, when Germany could no longer pay reparations, French and Belgium troops moved in to occupy the Ruhr, Germany's main industrial area. Without this major source of income, the government took to printing money which resulted in hyperinflation. At its most severe, the monthly rate of inflation reached 3.25 billion percent, equivalent to prices doubling every 49 hours. The US Dollar to Mark conversion rate peaked at $1 to 80 billion Marks.

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Hitler began to violate the Treaty of Versailles. Remember what it did?

Dropped out of the League of Nations

Sent troops onto the Rhineland.

He began to improve the economy by increasing size and power of the military.

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How does a bigger army help the country?

1. It gives people jobs.

2. Armies require stuff, which increases production.

3. It makes you feel strong!!

• *He addresses the same four things that Roosevelt did (remember). He just does it differently. Instead of parks schools and dams, they built tanks planes and bombs.

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Lebensraum =

Living spaceGermany lost a lot of land after WWI.

Hitler wanted to get these lands back and reunite the German speaking peoples.

– “to secure for the German people the land and soil to which they are entitled on this earth” even if it required the “might of the victorious sword.”

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Rhineland- rearmed in 1936

Austria- Anschluss– Hitler took over this

country without firing a shot.

– He faked a conspiracy then “came to the aid of the poor Austrians.”

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The Sudetenland- Czechoslovakia

– Hitler demanded lands where Germans lived.

– He massed troops on the border.

– At the last minute he invited France and Great Britain to Berlin to discuss it. The result was…

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Def: giving in to the demands of an aggressor in return for peace.

Hitler said that it would be his last demand.

Why is this a bad idea?

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Hitler was given the Sudetenland.

On March 15th 1939 he took the rest of Czechoslovakia.

Then he signed the Non-Aggression Pact with the Soviet Union. UH OH!! Why?

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Step by Step Adolf Hitler ripped up           the dictated Treaty of Versailles!

1933 Germany leaves the League of Nations created by Versailles

1934 Reconstruction of the Wehrmacht, the navy and the Luftwaffe begun!

1935 Saarland brought back home! Armed power of the Reich regained!

1936 Rhineland completely liberated!

1937 The myth of war guilt ceremoniously extinguished!

1938 Germany and Austria united in the Reich! Greater Germany achieved! Therefore the whole of Germany will acknowledge its liberator on 10 April.Adolf Hitler All say: YES!

Translation

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The Germans invaded on Sept. 9th 1939.– BLITZKRIEG!!

France and Great Britain declared war.

This is the official start of WWII in Europe.

Planes attack enemy forces. New technology makes the attacks more effective.

  Accurate bombsights, New plane designs, Dive sirens to terrify troops on the ground, Better radios to communicate locations

When bombing is through, tanks and armor attack destroying whatever resistance is left.

Faster tanks, More accurate guns, Better armor plating, New tank tactics

When the armor is through, infantry moves in to occupy the territory.

Better light weapons, Portable radios

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As a result…

France and Britain declare war.

Sitzkrieg- 5 months

DUNKIRK…

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Insert scanned map of war progression here.