A Broken World (Europe: 1920s & 30s)

A Broken World (Europe: 1920s & 30s)IntroItalyMussoliniGermanyWeimar RepublicInflationHitlers RiseDawes PlanNazis in PowerEconomicsAnti-SemitismKey TermsFascist ReformsBeer Hall PutschMein KampfNew Economic PolicyNuremberg LawsFinal Solution

ItalyJournalist & reformer: Fascist LeaderChaos in Italy after WWI; he came to powerFollowing a military coup, became Italys leader: 1922-43Benito Mussolini(1883-1945)

Black Shirts(Mussolinis Personal Military Squad)

Fascist PropagandaMussolinis headquarters in Rome; his face is larger than life (si = Italian for yes)

Once In Office(Buy Italian Campaign shows Nationalism)

Fascist Reforms(1920s)Lateran Pact-(between Pope & Mussolini) made Catholicism the state religion.Broad system of public works projects (jobs).All opposition was crushed.Women were encouraged to have large families & discouraged from work outside the home.

Germany(1920-33)Weimar RepublicName of Germanys government after WWI.It was a republic (people could elect representatives) but allowed for a Dictatorship in a crisis.It was very unstable & unpopular (Versailles Treaty).

Germanys Great Inflation(1920s)1914: 4 Marks = $1 US1921: 65 Marks = $1 US9/1923: 9 million Marks = $1 US11/1923: 4 trillion Marks = $1 US Germany had to pay the cost of WWI.

The children show how it took 100,000 Marks to make $1 US when the picture was taken

Germanys Great Inflation(1920s) Germany had to pay the cost of WWI.1914: 4 Marks = $1 US1921: 65 Marks = $1 US9/1923: 9 million Marks = $1 US11/1923: 4 trillion Marks = $1 US

Cycle: Reparations & LoansGermans struggled to make reparations paymentsBritish & French struggled to repay loans to US Solution: Dawes Plan

Dawes Plan(1924)US Plan US loaned about $2.6 billion to GermanyGermany paid about $2.4 billion in reparations to the British & FrenchFrench & British repaid $2.4 billion in loans to US from WWI

US Stock Market Crash (1929) influences worldwide economic depression

Adolf Hitlers RiseBorn in AustriaStruggled as an artistWWI gave him focus; he was injured

(1889-1945)

Nazi PartyWhile working for army he was hired to investigate radical groupsEnded up joining Nazi PartyParty membership grew TEMENDOUSLY

Beer Hall Putsch(1923)Hitler attempted to seize powerHe failed & spent one year in prison

Mein Kampf(My Struggle)Re-build German armyRe-unification of all German-speaking peopleLiving-space: Expand German territory in (eastern Europe)Teutonic Race was master race

Hitler Assumes PowerAs economy worsened, Nazi party gained supportIn 1933 Hitler was named ChancellorNazi Election PosterAn attack in February allowed Hitler to suspend civil liberties

Reichstag Fire, February 1933(Following this, Hitler was given dictatorial powers)

New Economic Policy(1930s)MASSIVE Public Works programs; highway system, etc.1932-6 million unemployed1934-2.7 million unemployedSocial welfare programs provided aid to familiesMassive build-up of German military

Hitler Opening Volkswagen Factory

Nuremberg Laws(1930s)German-Jews were robbed of citizenship & were fired from government jobs.Sex & marriage between Jews & non-Jews was outlawed.Goal: Pass (Nuremburg) laws so Jews leave the country.Sign: Do Not Buy From Jews

Anti-Semitism(A Jewish-owned business was bombed: 1938)

Hitlers Final SolutionDeveloped 12/7/41- extermination of all Jews

WWII & Holocaust (Links To Maus)Maus Vol. I, page 82The Noose Tightens1939: Concentrate Jews Ghettos of Poland12/41: Final Solution is developed = extermination of all Jews

Holocaust & Hitlers Final Solution6 million Jews; worldwide Jewish population of 15 millionOther victims included: 3.7 million Soviets POWs; homosexuals, disabled, gypsies, & others12,000/day at AuschwitzMaus Vol. II, page 41

A Broken World (Europe: 1920s & 30s)IntroItalyMussoliniGermanyWeimar RepublicInflationHitlers RiseDawes PlanNazis in PowerEconomicsAnti-SemitismKey TermsFascist ReformsBeer Hall PutschMein KampfNew Economic PolicyNuremberg LawsFinal Solution

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