PLASMA OSMOLALITY AND TONICITY The osmolality of the plasma (Posm) ± sum of the osmolalities of the individual solutes in the plasma. Most of the plasma osmoles are sodium…
Slide 1Hypernatremia and Fluid Resuscitation Staci Smith, DO Slide 2 Hypernatremia serum sodium level >145 mEq/L hypertonic by definition usually due to loss of hypotonic…
Slide 1 BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF WATER-MINERAL METABOLISM Slide 2 Patients may develop lethargy, weakness, confusion, delirium, and seizures, especially in the presence of…
Hypernatremia and Fluid Resuscitation Staci Smith, DO Hypernatremia serum sodium level >145 mEq/L hypertonic by definition usually due to loss of hypotonic fluid occasionally…
Water, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance HomeostasisâBalance a state of equilibrium â substances are maintained in the right amounts and in the right place in the body…