Objectives After studying this Unit, you will be able to • appreciate general trends in the chemistry of elements of groups 15,16,17 and 18; • learn the preparation,…

Objectives After studying this Unit, you will be able to • appreciate general trends in the chemistry of elements of groups 15,16,17 and 18; • learn the preparation,…

CHAPTER 18 ENTROPY, FREE ENERGY, AND EQUILIBRIUM Problem Categories Biological: 18.79, 18.91, 18.99. Conceptual: 18.9, 18.10, 18.13, 18.14, 18.32, 18.37, 18.40, 18.41, 18.42,…

Slide 1Second Law of Thermodynamics Slide 2 The Second Law of Thermodynamics Introduction Heat Engines Reversible and Irreversible Processes; the Carnot Engine Refrigerators,…

Slide 115.5 Electronic Excitation The electronic partition function is where g 0 and g 1, are, respectively, the degeneracies of the ground state and the first excited state.…

Slide 1STP Gas Calculations One-step problems: A balloon is filled with 3.78 L of He gas at STP. How many moles of helium atoms are inside? He Solution: 3.78 L He 22.4 L…

1. Lecture 14 Maxwell-Bolztmann distribution. Heat capacities. Phase diagrams. 2. Molecular speeds Not all molecules have the same speed. If we have N molecules, the number…

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1 The Heat Capacity of a Diatomic Gas 5.1 INTRODUCTION We have seen how statistical thermodynamics provides deep insight into the classical description of a monatomic ideal…