1. REVIEW / SYNTHÈSE Photoreceptors of cnidarians1 Vicki J. Martin Abstract: Cnidarians are the most primitive present-day invertebrates to have multicellular light-detecting…

1. Descending pathways 2. Types• direct pathways• indirect pathways . 3. • Most of the indirect pathways, sometimes called the extrapyramidalsystem, are involved in…

1. REVIEW / SYNTHÈSE Photoreceptors of cnidarians1 Vicki J. Martin Abstract: Cnidarians are the most primitive present-day invertebrates to have multicellular light-detecting…

Perioperative Pain Management Dr. Mahmoud Abdel-Khalek What is pain? An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or…

Smells are surer than sounds and sights to make your heart-strings crack. - Rudyard Kipling Olfactory system Conveys specific visceral sensation (smell) via n. olfactorius.…

Autonomic Nervous System Dr. Zeenat Zaidi OBJECTIVES At the end of the lecture, students should be able to: Define the autonomic nervous system. Describe the structure of…

ANS Autonomic Nervous System OBJECTIVES At the end of the lecture, students should be able to: Define the autonomic nervous system. Describe the structure of autonomic nervous…

Transverse Section Mid Sagittal Brainstem B-1 UMass Medical School Mind Brain Behavior 1 Note: Brainstem B shows marked degeneration of the trigeminal nerve and of trigeminal…

Slide 1 LECTURE 16: AUTONOMIC AND NEUROENDOCRINE SYSTEMS REQUIRED READING: Kandel text, Chapter 49 Autonomic nervous system mediates visceral reflex responses that are involuntary…

Autonomic Nervous System OBJECTIVES At the end of the lecture, students should be able to: Define the autonomic nervous system. Describe the structure of autonomic nervous…