1. 1- Enamel caries 2. Dentin caries 3. Dentin caries (beaded dentinal tubules) 4. Dentin caries (liquifaction foci) 5. Dentin caries (Transverse cleft) 6. Test your self…

1. 1 1. For lower premolars, the purpose of inclining the handpiece lingually is to A. Avoid buccal pulp horn B. Avoid lingual pulp horn C. Remove unsupported enamel D. Conserve…

1.  Pulpitis, trauma or endodontic treatment  Pulpitis and pulp necrosis: If pulpitis is untreated, bacteria ,bacterial toxins , or the products of inflammation will…

Slide 1 1 Part 2 Management of Patients With Oral and Esophageal Disorders 2ed Years Student, 2ed Semester Miss Iman shaweesh January 2008 Slide 2 2 Slide 3 3 Disorders of…

Periapical Diseases Periapical Diseases Introduction As a consequence of pathologic changes in dental pulp, the root canal can harbor numerous irritants. Egress of these…