2DE/1107®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
You Want Tough?Introducing FORTEGRA™
Epoxy ToughenersToughness Without Big Tradeoffs from Dow Epoxy
3DE/1107®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
What is FORTEGRA™?
• New family of toughening materials
• Enhances toughness of your epoxy system,without big compromises in other properties andperformance
• Designed for use in amine, anhydride, phenolicand DICY cured epoxy resins
• FOR-TEG-RA: Tough as a fortress, addingintegrity to high performance epoxy systems
4DE/1107®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
Why is FORTEGRA™ better?
Improvedtoughness,
flexibility, impactresistance and
adhesion
Non-reactive
No tradeoffs orcompromises inother properties
Easy to useand test
5DE/1107®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
Increases brittleness, hurts chemicalresistancePlasticizersPlasticizers
High reactivity, hurts chemical andcorrosion resistance
AliphaticBackboneAliphaticBackbone
Hurts corrosion resistance, increasesviscosity
CTBNCTBN
Increases viscosityCore ShellRubbersCore ShellRubbers
Toughener technology tradeoffs
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Where does FORTEGRA™ fit?
Application areas:
• Liquid protective coatings for steel and concrete
• Functional and decorative powder coatings
• Functional and recreational composites
• Adhesives
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Overview of FORTEGRA™ products
Loading Level EEW Viscosity@ 25 C
Form
FORTEGRA 100 100% liquidtougheningagent
3600 Liquid
FORTEGRA 383-5 5 wt% inD.E.R.™ 383LER
185-194 8000-10000
Liquid
FORTEGRA 383-50 50 wt% in D.E.R.383 LER
365-395 5000-8000
Liquid
FORTEGRA 664-12 12 wt% in D.E.R.664UE SER
960-1060 Solidflake
8DE/1107®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
What is the difference between thetwo approaches below?Flexibilization
• Decreases backbonestiffness
• Decreases crosslink density
• Uses plasticizers anddiluents
Toughening
• Particle size
• Polydispersity
• Interfacial strength
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How does FORTEGRA™ work?
EpoxyCuring agent
Curing
Copolymer
Cured epoxy
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Self assembly vs. macro-phase separation
Macro-phase separation (Example: CTBN technology)
Curing
Self assembly (FORTEGRA™ technology)
Curing
Epoxy
CuringAgent
Polymer
10-30 volume %
<10 volume %
11DE/1107®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
The “no compromise” difference withFORTEGRA
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170
Tg via DMTA Tan delta
Fra
ctu
reT
ou
gh
ne
ss,
K1c
Bisphenol- A Series
Bisphenol-F Series
Toughening
Flexibilization
Bisphenol-A Series
Bisphenol-F Series
Toughening
FORTEGRA Nocompromise
on Tg
12DE/1107®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
Ready for sampling
• We encourage you to try FORTEGRA™ in yourapplication
• To request a sample, call your Dow salesrepresentation or contact us throughwww.dowepoxy.com
• Technical specialists are available to answer anyquestions that arise during your evaluation or trial
• We invite you to share the trial results with us
13DE/1107®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
Summary
• FORTEGRA™ toughens up your systemwith no big tradeoffs
• Offers additional benefits of non-reactivityand ease of use
• Very favorable compared to othertoughening technologies
• You should test FORTEGRA in yourapplication – it’s easy
14DE/1107®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
Optional Slide Deck
15DE/1107®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
Typical tensile behavior
0.0E+00
5.0E+06
1.0E+07
1.5E+07
2.0E+07
2.5E+07
3.0E+07
3.5E+07
4.0E+07
4.5E+07
5.0E+07
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Strain (%)
Str
ess
(Pa)
Modified
Unmodified
Reduction ofyield stress
16DE/1107®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
0 5
Amount of Toughening Agent (wt.%)
Cri
tica
lS
tres
sIn
ten
sit
y,
K1c
(MP
a.m
1/2
)
104
106
108
110
112
114
116
118
120
122
124
Yie
ldS
tren
gth
(MP
a)
Toughness
Yield strength
Effect on material properties
17DE/1107®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
Effect on Tg and modulus
Results from a plaque
1.E+05
1.E+06
1.E+07
1.E+08
1.E+09
1.E+10
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Temperature (°C)
Sto
rag
eS
he
ar
Mo
du
lus
,G
'(P
a)
D.E.R.™ 383 epoxy resin cured with phenolic hardener: CONTROL
Modified with 5wt.% Toughening Agent
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FORTEGRA™ Epoxy Toughenersin marine & protective coatings
19DE/1107®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
Clear coat testing
Curing Agents Notes
Ancamine 1618* - Modified IPDA adduct
- Cut in benzyl alcohol
*Air Products
Ancamide 2353* - TETA polyamide
- Cut in benzyl alcohol
*Air Products
NC541LV** - Phenalkamine
**Cardolite
20DE/1107®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
Clear film formulations
Formulation D.E.R.™ 331
Ancamine Ancamide NC 541LV FORTEGRA
1 56.4 33.6 10%
2
3
4
62.756.3
62.5
37.3
33.8
37.5
0%
10%
0%
5 53.9 36.2 10%
6 59.9 40.1 0%
• Prepared by draw down• B1000 panels and free films from tin plate• Cured at 60 degrees C• DFT = 110 +/- 5 microns
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Typical impact testing result
Panels showncured withAncamine1618; 110 +/-5 microns
No De-Bonding
FORTEGRA™FORTEGRA™ No FORTEGRANo FORTEGRA
De-Bonding
Evidence ofmicroscopicdeformation ofsecond phase
22DE/1107®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
Ancamine 1618 Ancamide 2353 NC541LV
Elo
ng
ati
on
at
bre
ak
Unmodified
Modified
Free film tensile results
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Effect on gel and cure time
• Minimal effect on gel time
• Effect is that of a non-functional diluent– Decreases theconcentration of reactivegroups
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Gel Time (min) Dust Free (hours) Through Dry
(hours)
Standard
XU19108.00
Ancamine 1618
Ancamide 2353 NC541LV
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Gel Time (min) Dust Free (hours) Through Dry
(hours)
Standard
XU19108.00
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Gel Time (min) Dust Free (hours) Through Dry
(hours)
Standard
XU19108.00
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Significant adhesion improvement
5.5% modification, Ancamide 2353 cured
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FORTEGRA™ Epoxy Toughenersin pipe coatings
26DE/1107®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
Pipe coating formulation
Ingredients Control FORTEGRA™
4 Type Epoxy Resin 100 100
Dicyanodiamide Curing Agent 1.5 1.5
Imidzole Accelerator 1.2 1.2
Wollastonite #325 Filler 45.8 45.8
Modaflow Powder III FlowModifier
1.5 1.5
FORTEGRA™ Epoxy ToughenerTechnology
0 8
14.5%volume
6.9%volume
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Pipe coating testing
• Formulations were dip applied
• 8”x1” x 3/8” sand blasted bars
• 4 point bend at sub-ambient temperatures– Instron test frame
– Recorded number of hard cracks
• Tg measured from free films
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Test results
Test Control FORTEGRA™
Tg (degrees C) 110 107
Flexibility @ - 38 C / ~400 micronthickness
10 cracks (baravg.)
No cracks
Flexibility @ - 45 C / ~375 micronthickness
12 cracks (baravg.)
No cracks
Flexibility @ - 38 C / ~500 micronthickness
17 cracks (baravg.)
No cracks
29DE/1107®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
See the difference
With FORTEGRA™ Epoxy Toughener
Standard Formulation
Low Temperature Four Point Bend Performance
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TEM images of self-assembledmorphologies
31DE/1107®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
TensileDirection
Second phase toughening mechanism
32DE/1107®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
Pigmented system
• Based on D.E.R.™ 331, cured with Ancamide2353
• Pigmented with red iron oxide, extender andanticorrosive pigment
• FORTEGRA™ 100 added at both 6.8% and 13.3%by volume dry paint
• Coatings spray applied on bare cold rolled steelpanels
• Cured 14 days at room temperature
• DFT = 3.5 mils
33DE/1107®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
STANDARDHigh Solids Epoxy Formulation Based on D.E.R. -331 Epoxy Resin and
Air Products' Ancamide 2353 Polyamide Curing Agent
Material NV NV Lbs.- Part A - Pounds Gallons Pounds Gallons VOMD.E.R.-331 Epoxy Resin 233.7 24.09 233.7 24.09 --------MPA-1078 4.0 0.54 1.6 0.21 2.4BYK Anti-Terra U 7.5 0.96 5.4 0.64 2.110ES Wollastokup 395.0 16.32 395.0 16.32 --------
** High Speed Disperse to a Texture of 5-6 NS, then add: **
Xylene 45.0 6.21 ---------- ----------- 45.0685.2 48.12 635.7 41.26 49.5
- Part B -Ancamide 2353 Curing Agent 125.6 15.21 125.6 15.21 --------MPA-1078 4.0 0.54 1.6 0.21 2.4Beetle 216-8 15.0 1.72 9.0 0.84 6.0Red Iron Oxide 60.0 1.44 60.0 1.44 --------Beaverwhite 325 96.7 4.20 96.7 4.20 --------Phosplus J-0866 141.4 5.07 141.4 5.07 --------
** High Speed Disperse to a Texture of 4.5-5.5 NS, then add: **Diacetone Alcohol 31.3 4.00 ---------- ---------- 31.3Aromatic 150 106.8 14.69 ---------- ---------- 106.8
580.8 46.87 434.3 26.97 146.5
Pigmented standard formulation
34DE/1107®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
Pigmented system test results
Test Standard 6.8%Volume
13.3%Volume
PVCVOC
37.5%330.2 g/l
38.6%
312 g/l
38.6%
300.4 g/l
Viscosity, 25 C
Sprayable vol.solids
110 K.U.62.2%
98 K.U.
64.3%
93 K.U.
65.7%
Hardness 6H 3H 3H
Dry Adhesion
Direct Impact
2B
15
4B
20
4B
22
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Abrasion resistance
• Taber abrasion resistance negatively impacted byadding FORTEGRA™ 100
• Tests run on clear coats cured 14 days at 25 Cwith Ancamide 2353 with and without thetoughening agent at 10 vol% loading
• ASTM D4060, 1000 g weight
• The unmodified sample lost 66.1mg per 1000cycles
• The modified sample lost 108.1mg per 1000 cycles
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Salt spray results
ASTM B117, 1000 hours on cold rolled steel Ancamide 2050 cured
StandardStandard FORTEGRA 100FORTEGRA 100
No apparentdifference in
corrosion resistancebetween the two