Xiaoming Zhang
Zhejiang University
telencephalon
diencephalon cereb
ellum
mid-brain
pons pons myelencephalmyelencephal
onon
Brain Stem
The brain stem
Ⅰ. General features:
1. 3 parts: midbrain, pons and medulla
oblongata (from superior to inferior)
2. Position: spinal cord---Diencephalon--cerebellum
Ⅱ. External features:
1. Ventral surface of the brain stem
2. Dorsal surface of the brain stem
ventral surface
dorsal surface
Ⅲ. Internal structures:
A. General features:
Nuclei
cranial nerves Somatic motor nucleus:
oculomotor nucleus,
trochlear nucleus,
abducentis nucleus,
hypoglossal nucleus
Visceral motor nucleus:
motor nucleus of trigeminal n.,
facial nucleus,
ambiguus,
spinal accessory nucleus,
accessory oculomotor nucleus,
superior salivatory nucleus,
inferior salivatory nucleus,
dorsal nucleus of vagus n.
visceral afferent nucleus: nucleus of solitary tract
somatic afferent nucleus:Mesencephalic nucleus, pontine nucleus and spinal nucleus of trigeminal n. cochlear nuclei, vestibular nuclei
The non-cranial nerve nuclei
gracile nucleus,
cuneate nucleus
superior colliculus,
inferior colliculus
red nucleus,
substantia nigra
(dopamine)
white matter of brain stemThe long ascending and descending tractslong ascending tracts:1). Medial lemniscus(fine touch and proprioceptive sense)
2). Spinothalamic
Lemniscus
(superficial sensation)
3). Trigeminal lemniscus
(superficial sensation of
opposite side head and
facial )
4) lateral lemniscus
(Sense of hearing)
Descending tractsDescending tracts pyramidal system
①①corticospinal tract
lateral
anterior②②corticonuclear tract
formatio reticularis
keep waking state
nuclei of median raphe(( 5-HT5-HT )。)。
Thank You