8/2/2019 Wireless next wave – 4G
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Submitted to:
Computer ScienceDepartment
Submitted by:
Damini gargCR – 08/196
8/2/2019 Wireless next wave – 4G
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Outline
1. Previous Technologies – 1G, 2G, 3G
2. What is 4G ?
3. How 4G Works – Architecture, AdHoc, IP core, OFDM
4. Technologies used
5. Impact of 4G – economic, socio-cultural, political
6. Cconclusion
7. References
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Previous Technologies
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A wireless access technology and is the successor of 3G.
Called "3G and Beyond".
Enables seamless roaming between technologies.
All network elements are digital.
Higher bandwidths to provide multimedia services at lower cost(up to 100Mbps).
Tight network security.
Entirely packet-switched networks.
What is 4G?
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Fourth Generation Technology
•Faster and more reliable – 100 Mb/s (802.11g wireless = 54Mb/s, 3G = 2Mb/s)
•Lower cost than previous generations
•Multi-standard wireless system – Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless (802.11x)
•Ad Hoc Networking
•IPv6 Core
•OFDM used instead of CDMA
•Potentially IEEE standard 802.11n – Most information is proprietary
What is 4G ? (contd.)
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•Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
•Allows for transfer of more data than other forms of multiplexing (time,frequency, code, etc)
•Simplifies the design of the transmitter & receiver
•Allows for use of almost the entire frequency band – No gaps to prevent interference needed
•Currently used in WiMax(802.16) and Wi-Fi(802.11a/g)
OFDM
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A form of multi-carrier modulation, works by dividing the
data stream for transmission at a bandwidth B into N multiple
and parallel bit streams
Parallel symbols : multiple access, Narrow frequency:
Long symbol time: it makes easier for the receiver to pulling
each one of the symbols even if the signal degrades somewhat
OFDM (contd.)
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How OFDM works:
.The frequencies are spaced so that the signals do not interfere with each other(no cross talk)
•Parallel Data Transmission -Allows for the sending of multiple signals
simultaneously from the same antenna (or wire) to one device – Each
transmission has a different stream of bits
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W - OFDM
Data encoded on multiple high-speed radio frequencies concurrently.
greater security
efficient use of bandwidth
minimize interference with adjacent networks.
Wideband OFDM
Invented by Wi-LAN
Large spacing between carriers
More immune against power fading
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MC- CDMA
• Users are multiplexed with orthogonal codes todistinguish users in (multi-carrier) MC-CDMA
• each user can be allocated several codes
LAS – CDMA
• enables high-speed data
• increases voice capacity
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What is Ultra Wideband?
Radio technology that modulates impulse based waveforms instead of
continuous carrier waves
ImpulseModulation
3 10 GHzfrequency
U l t r a w i d e b a n d
C o m m u
n i c a t i o n
Time-domain behavior Frequency-domain behavior
time
1 0 1
(FCC Min=500Mhz)
FrequencyModulation
2.4 GHz N a r r o w b a n d
C o m m u n i c a
t i o n
0 1 0 1
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Ultra Wideband Characteristics
•Extremely low transmission energy ( less than 1mW)
•
Very high bandwidth within short range (200Mbps within 10m)
•Extremely difficult to intercept – Short pulse excitation generates wideband spectra – low energy densities – Low energy density also minimizes interference to other services
•Multipath immunity
•Commonality of signal generation and processing architectures
•Radar – Inherent high precision – sub-centimeter ranging – Wideband excitation for detection of complex, low RCS targets
•Geolocation/Positioning
– Sub-centimeter resolution using pulse leading edge detection – passes through building blocks, walls, etc. (LOS not required)
•Low Cost – Nearly “all-digital” architecture – ideal for microminiaturization into a chipset
•
Frequency diversity with minimal hardware modifications
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Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS)
• Local multipoint distribution service (LMDS)-Fixed broadband technology that can provide a wide variety ofwireless services
High-speed Internet access Real-time multimedia file transfer Remote access to local area networks Interactive video, video-on-demand, video conferencing Telephone service
-Can transmit from 51 to 155 Mbps downstream and 1.54 Mbps
upstream Over a distance of up to about 5 miles (8 kilometers)
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LMDS (cntd.)
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Advantages of 4G:
o Support for interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video, Internet,
and other broadband services
o High speed, high capacity, and low cost per bit
o Global access, service portability, and scalable mobile services
o Seamless switching, and a variety of Quality of Service driven
services
o Better scheduling and call admission control techniques
o Better spectral efficiency
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Disadvantages of 4G:
-expensive.
-battery uses is more.
-hard to implement
-need complicated hard ware.
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More affordable communication services
One device can communicate with all vs. many devices
communicating with some devices.
TV, internet, phone, radio, home environment sensors all
reachable through one device the cell phone
-Streaming HD video
Impact of 4G
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o 4G car
o4G and public safety
o
Sensor in public vehicle
oCameras in traffic light
oFirst responder route selection
oTraffic control during disasters
Applications of 4G :
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•With this we can conclude 4G as a :
“MAGIC”
Mobile multimedia connection.
Anywhere anytime with anyone.
Global mobility support.
Integrated wireless solution.
Customized personal services.
Conclusion
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References :-