Wireless Control That Simply WorksWireless Control That Simply Works
Copyright © 2005 ZigBeeTM
Alliance. All Rights Reserved.
Wireless Control That Simply Works
Wireless Sensors and Control Networks: Enabling New Opportunities
June, 2005
Bob Heile Chairman, ZigBee Alliance
Chair, IEEE 802.15
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Today’s Wireless Themes
• Ubiquitous communication with focus on interoperability, plug-and-play, IP, self-organizing networks and low power
• High quality AV streaming
• Bits/Hz/watt
• Positioning & Location
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The 802 Wireless Space
Data Rate (Mbps)
Ran
ge
ZigBee802.15.4 802.15.3
802.15.3a802.15.3c
WPAN
WLAN
WMAN
WWAN
WiFi802.11
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Bluetooth802.15.1
IEEE 802.22
WiMaxIEEE 802.16
IEEE 802.20
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802.15.4 Application Space
Sensors & Controls:Home Automation
Industrial Automation
Remote Metering
Automotive Networks
Interactive Toys
Active RFID/ asset tracking
Medical
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• Large networks (large number of devices and large coverage area) that can form autonomously and that will operate very reliably for years without any operator intervention
• Very long battery life (years off of a AA cell), very low infrastructure cost (low device & setup costs) and very low complexity and small size
• Device data rate and QoS needs are low
• Standardized protocols are necessary to allow multiple vendors to interoperate
Sensor/Control Network Requirements
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What IEEE 802.15.4 Addresses
• IEEE 802.15.4– MAC and PHY only
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
Upper Layer Stack
IEEE 802.2 LLC Other LLC
IEEE 802.15.42400 MHz PHY
IEEE 802.15.4868/915 MHz PHY
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So Why ZigBee?
• Needed an organization with a mission to define a complete open global standard for reliable, cost-effective, low-power, wirelessly networked products addressing monitoring and control
• Alliance provides• upper layer stack and application profiles• compliance and certification testing• branding
• Result is a set of recognizable, interoperable solutions
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Who is supporting the ZigBee Alliance?
• Eight promoter companies– Chipcon, Ember, Freescale, Honeywell,
Mitsubishi, Motorola, Philips and Samsung
• A rapidly growing list (Now over 175) of industry leaders from 29 countries spanning 6 continents committed to providing ZigBee-compliant products and solutions– Companies include chip suppliers, wireless IP
providers, OEMs, test equip manufacturers and end users
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The ZigBee Platform
IEEE 802.15.4
Public Application Profile
ZigBee Stack
Certified Product
Compliant Platform
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The ZigBee Platform
IEEE 802.15.4
Private Application Profile
ZigBee Stack
Compliant Platform
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Basic Radio Characteristics
ZigBee technology relies upon IEEE 802.15.4, which has excellent performance in low SNR environments
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• 65,536 network (client) nodes
• Optimized for timing-critical applications and power management– Time to Join Network: <30ms– Sleeping to active: <15ms– Channel access time: <15ms
• Full Mesh Networking Support
Basic Network Characteristics
Network coordinatorFull Function nodeReduced Function node
Communications flow
Virtual links
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Slide Courtesy of
ZigBee Mesh Networking
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Slide Courtesy of
ZigBee Mesh Networking
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Wireless Control That Simply Works
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Slide Courtesy of
ZigBee Mesh Networking
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Wireless Control That Simply Works
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Slide Courtesy of
ZigBee Mesh Networking
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Slide Courtesy of
ZigBee Mesh Networking
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ZigBee Network Topologies
PAN coordinator
Full Function Device
Reduced Function Device
Star
Mesh
Cluster Tree
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Wireless Control That Simply Works
ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works
Cluster Tree Networks• Cluster tree networks enable a peer-peer
network to be formed with a minimum of routing overhead.
DD/CH0
1
0
23
4
6
7
8
12
10
11
9
13
1420
22
5 CH1
CH2
CH3
CH5
CH4
CH6“Parent”
“Child”
Links indicate familial relationship, not communications capability
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Cluster Tree Networks
• Employ multi-hop routing
• Can be very large: 255 clusters of 254 nodes each = 64,770 nodes
• May span physically large areas
• Suitable for latency-tolerant applications
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ZigBee Device Types
• ZigBee Coordinator (ZC)– One and only one required for each ZB network.– Initiates network formation.– Acts as 802.15.4 2003 PAN coordinator (FFD).– May act as router once network is formed.
• ZigBee Router (ZR)– Optional network component.– May associate with ZC or with previously associated ZR.– Acts as 802.15.4 2003 coordinator (FFD).– Participates in multihop routing of messages.
• ZigBee End Device (ZED)– Optional network component.– Shall not allow association.– Shall not participate in routing.
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Network Structure
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Network Structure
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Network Structure
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ZigBee Channel Access Options
Two channel access mechanisms:• Non-beacon network
– A simple, traditional multiple access system used in simple peer and near-peer networks
– Standard ALOHA CSMA-CA communications– Positive acknowledgement for successfully received packets
• Beacon-enabled network– Superframe structure- network coordinator transmits beacons
at predetermined intervals– Dedicated bandwidth and low latency– Low Power Consumption mode for Coordinator
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Other Benefits of Beacon Mode
• Beacon Mode– A very powerful mechanism for controlling power
consumption in extended networks like cluster tree or mesh
– Allows all clients in a local piece of the network the ability to know when to communicate with each other
– PAN has a coordinator that manages the channel and arranges the calls
– Significant value will be in system power consumption for networks which are primarily battery powered
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ZigBee – Highly Reliable
• Mesh and tree networking protocol provides redundant paths
• Automatic retries and acknowledgements• Broadcast delivery scheme ensures reliable
broadcasts across the network• Parents keep track of messages for sleeping children• High intrinsic interference tolerance
– Multiple channels– Frequency agility– Robust modulation
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ZigBee – Highly Secure
• Utilizes AES 128-bit encryption• Concept of a “trust center”• Link and network keys• Authentication and encryption• Security can be customized for the
application• Keys can be “hard-wired” into application
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ZigBee Applications
ZigBeeWireless Control that
Simply Works
RESIDENTIAL/LIGHT
COMMERCIAL CONTROL
CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
TVVCRDVD/CDremote
securityHVAClighting controlaccess controllawn & garden irrigation
PC & PERIPHERALS
INDUSTRIALCONTROL
asset mgtprocess control
environmentalenergy mgt
PERSONAL HEALTH CARE
BUILDING AUTOMATION
securityHVAC
AMRlighting controlaccess control
mousekeyboardjoystick
patient monitoring
fitness monitoring
Wireless Control That Simply Works
ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works
ZigBee Home Control
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General Commercial Building Automation
• Quick Payback Leads to Early Adoption– Obvious Uses
• Lighting • HVAC • Alarm Systems• Entry Systems
– Less Obvious Uses• Landscaping• Leak Detection• Pest Monitoring• Humidity in Walls
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Patient Monitoring• May allow more patient freedom
– Monitors vital statistics and sends via internet• Patient can remain in their own home• Lowers cost and improves comfort
– Allows monitoring of elderly family member• Sense movement or usage patterns in a home• Notify via mobile phone when anomalies occur• Can track behavior without visual “spying”• Wireless panic buttons for falls or other problems• Again lowers cost and improves patient lifestyle
– Can be used in hospice care• Patients are allowed greater movement• Reduced staff to patient ratio• Light way to bathroom when they get out of bed
– Reduces patient confusion
graphic
graphic
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• Microprocessor based devices with embedded radios
• Lighting Ballasts become control and communication nodes
• Utilizes an open protocol for communication – ZigBee
• Mesh Network - Scalable, flexible up to 65,000 network nodes
• 100% digital component based network of devices with the lighting infrastructure providing the DLN backbone
• Software and UI’s determine the user experience• Distributed control of lighting – From personal
space to enterprise control
Characteristics of a ZigBee Lighting Control System
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Reduced cost and complexity of system installation
Simplicity of Commissioning
Key value drivers of a Wireless Lighting Control system
Simplify Lighting Control System design in both new construction and retrofit applications
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Easy and intuitive to use facilitating improved worker productivity
Operating cost and complexity reductions
Improved energy management and control
Key value drivers of a Wireless Lighting Control system
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The ZigBee eco-system adds future value
SafetyAsset Tracking
SecurityMaintenance
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Why ZigBee?
• Reliable and self healing• Supports large number of nodes• Easy to deploy• Very long battery life• Secure• Low cost• Can be used globally
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Advantages of ZigBee over proprietary solutions?
• Product interoperability• Vendor independence• Increased product innovation as a result of
industry standardization • A common platform is more cost effective
than creating a new proprietary solution from scratch every time
• Companies can focus their energies on finding and serving customers
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Benefits of joining the alliance
• Access to – Specifications– Member IP pool– Event lists– Media and analysts– VCs
• Network with– Members – Customers– Vendors– Partners
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ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works
Benefits of joining the alliance
• World class PR– Be associated with a hot technology
– Leverage Alliance event and PR activities
• Your competitors are here, chance to strengthen your leadership position
• Get access to marketing ideas, get a sense of the market direction and optimize your product/company plans
• Equivalent info from other sources would cost many multiples of the annual membership fee
• Result is you get to market quicker with a better solution
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“Just as the personal computer was a symbol of
the '80s, and the symbol of the '90s is the World
Wide Web, the next nonlinear shift, is going to be
the advent of cheap sensors.”
-Paul Saffo
Institute for the Future
Parting Thought
Wireless Control That Simply Works
ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works Slide 42
More Information
ZigBee Alliance Web Site http://www.ZigBee.org
IEEE 802.15 Web Sitehttp://www.ieee802.org/15
Bob Heile, ZigBee Alliance Chairman, [email protected]