Windows Programming
Text and Fonts
Presented By:-Anchal Sharma
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Introduction
Text FontsGDI (Graphics Device Interface)Drawing and FillingWindows APIs
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Text Basics (Requirements)
Text Tradition Art Technology
Soft proofing
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Fonts Basics
Family (Roman)Style (Italicize condense etc.)Size (Point 1/72“)
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Font Families
A font family is a set of fonts having common stroke width and serif characteristics. There are five font families. A sixth family allows an application to use the default font.
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Font family Description
Decorative Specifies a novelty font. An example is Old English.
Dontcare Specifies a generic family name. This name is used when information about a font does not exist or does not matter. The default font is used.
Modern Specifies a monospace font with or without serifs. Monospace fonts are usually modern; examples include Pica, Elite, and Courier New.
Roman Specifies a proportional font with serifs. An example is Times New Roman.
Script Specifies a font that is designed to look like handwriting; examples include Script and Cursive.
Swiss Specifies a proportional font without serifs. An example is Arial.
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Font Size
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GDI
Abstraction Device Independence Responsibility of the programmer
Parts Text Filled Areas Lines and curves Bitmaps
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GDI Objects
Class Windows handle type
CPen HPEN
CBrush HBRUSH
CFont HFONT
CBitmap HBITMAP
CPalette HPALETTE
CRgn HRGN
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Device Context
BeginPaintGetDC / ReleaseDC NULL param gives screen Hwnd param gives client
CreateDC(“DISPLAY”,…);GetWindowDC
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Fonts (Windows)
GDI Fonts / Device Fonts Raster(nonscaleable) : SYSTEM_FONT,
SYSTEM_FIXED_FONT, OEM_FIXED_FONT, Courier, Ms Serif, MS Sans Serif, Small Fonts
stroke : Connect the dots (Modern Roman Script) Plotter fonts
True Type / OpenType
GetStockObject Cannot be specific about selection DEFAULT_GUI_FONT: MS Sans Serif
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Font Consistency
Embedding: GetOutlineTextMetrics() otmfsType=1
OUTLINETEXTMETRIC structure
System FontsUsing of Fonts Enumeration User Choice Fixed type (sys fonts)
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Font Storages (Windows)
Historically, font sizes were large to fit standard disks.Just like .dllRaster/Vector: .fon file contains dataOpenType/TrueType: .fon file is header and .ttf file contains the data
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Character Set
Encoding scheme Unicode (multi-byte codes) OEM Windows Vendor (external like EBCDIC)
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GDI (Co-ordinates/Mapping)
Mapping mode does not change messagesScreen Coordinates/Client CordinatesSetViewPortOrgEx: DeviceSetWindowOrgEx: Logical
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Mapping Mode Logical Unit x-axis y-axis
MM_TEXT Pixel Right Down
MM_LOMETRIC 0.1 mm Right Up
MM_HIMETRIC 0.01 mm Right Up
MM_LOENGLISH 0.01 in. Right Up
MM_HIENGLISH 0.001 in. Right Up
MM_TWIPS 1/1440 in. Right Up
MM_ISOTROPIC Arbitrary (x = y) Selectable Selectable
MM_ANISOTROPIC Arbitrary (x !=y) Selectable Selectable
Mapping Modes
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Logical Inches
Size of inch is larger on displaySize of inch is same on printer
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Drawing
Lines MoveTo LineTo
Bezier PolyBezier PolyBezierTo
Arcs AngleArc Arc, ArcTo
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Creating Paths / Regions
ClippingFillingDrawingFunctions BeginPath(hdc) draw lines etc.
connected and then EndPath(hdc) CreateRectRgn, CreateRoundRectRgn
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Shapes
Ellipse Pie Rectangle
ChordPolygon
Shapes
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Styling the Shapes
Fill BrushSetROP2 : Raster OperationsSetFillPoly Winding Alternate
FillRect, FillRoundRect
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Text APIs
TextOut(hdc,ystart,pString,iCount) Does not recognize null character
strings GDI function
TabbedTextOut(hdc,xStart,yStart,pString, iCount, iNumTabs, piTabStops, xTabOrigin); iNumTabs=NULL (def 8) iNumTabs=1 (piTabStops repeated arg.)
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Text API s Cont…
ExtTextOut(hdc,xSt,ySt,iOpt, &rect,pString, iCount, pxDistance); ETO_CLIPPED , ETO_OPAQUE, pxDistance=spacings,
null for def.
DrawText(hdc,pString,iCount, &rect,iFormat); Recognize null terminated Strings. Also \n \r \t For \t use DT_EXPANDTABS If TA_CENTER then ½ text DT_TABSTOP
DrawTextEx(hdc,pString,iCount,&rect, iFormat,&drawtextparams); Works on avg character increments
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Text API’s Cont…
SetTextCharacterExtra(hdc, iExtra); iExtra cannot be –ve (absolute value
taken)
TEXTMETRICS tm.Hieght is not font size it includes
internal leading.
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tagTEXTMETRIC Structure
TEXTMETRIC tmHeight tmAscent tmDescent tmInternalLeading tmExternalLeading tmAveCharWidth tmMaxCharWidth tmOverhang tmDigitizedAspectX tmDigitizedAspectY
tmFirstChartmLastChartmDefaultChar tmBreakChar tmItalic tmUnderlined tmStruckOut tmPitchAndFamily tmCharSet
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Pitch & Family
TMPF_FIXED_PITCH
TMPF_VECTOR
TMPF_TRUETYPE
TMPF_DEVICE
0X01
0X02
0X03
0X04
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Font API’s
CreateFont, CreateFontIndirect, GetTextFace, GetTextMetrics.lfCharSet : only value with default 1Struct: LOGFONT,CHOOSEFONT,PANOSEGetOutlineTextMetrics: PANOSE
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WinNT/Win98
SetGraphicsMode(GM_ADVANCED) WinNt: escapement, orientations.
SetWorldTransform Mode should be advanced
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Kerning/Antialiasing
DWORD GetKerningPairs( HDC hdc, DWORD nNumPairs, LPKERNINGPAIR lpkrnpair);Anti – aliasing: GetDeviceCaps
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References
Charles Petzold, Programming Windows, 5th EditionText and Fonts, Msdn LibraryLines and Curves, Msdn LibraryK.P. Rao, Printing classes
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Thank You
Questions?
