Utilization of Whey
Presented by: Kamble Nandakumari
OUTLINES
IntroductionComposition of wheyScope and current trendNutritional and health benefitsDifferent food applications of wheyConclusion
INTRODUCTON
What is Whey? Whey is a by-product obtained during the production
of cheese, paneer, Chhana and casein precipitates.
The watery portion of the milk remaining after milk coagulation and removal of the curd.
Whey contains about half of the total solids of milk and is a source for many nutrients such as Whey Proteins, Lactose and Minerals.
INTRODUCTION
Whey can be obtained by acid, heat, and rennet coagulation of milk.
It contains 6-7% solids and one-fifth of the initial milk proteins present.
Whey CompositionS.No
Constituent Sweet whey
Acid whey
1 Water % 93-94 94-952 Dry matter % 6-6.5 5-63 Lactose % 4.5-5 3.8-4.3
4 Lactic acid % traces up to 0.8
5 Total protein % 0.8-1.0 0.8-1.0
6 Whey protein % 0.6-0.65 0.6-0.65
7 Citric acid % 0.1 0.18 Minerals % 0.5-0.7 0.5-0.79 pH 6.4-6.2 5.0-4.6Source : www.dairyforall.com
The present balance of Global Utilization of
whey Whey world production 145 million tonsFeed, Fertilizer, Waste 60 million tons Industrially utilized 85 million tons
•Whey powder +Lactose 49 million tons
•Other industrial products 6 million tons
•WPC /WPI 30 million tons
Individual Proteins of Whey
Beta -lactoglobulin 50%
Alfa -lactalbumin 20%
Immunoglobulins 20%
Serum Albumin 5%
Minor Proteins 5%
Beta-lactoglobulin
Beta-Lactoglobulin is the most abundant
protein in whey (about 6 g/l) and is
responsible for functional properties such
as the ability of whey protein to form a
gel on heating.
Alpha-lactalbumin Alpha-lactalbumin is a whey protein high in the amino
acid tryptophan, which the body uses to make the
neurotransmitter serotonin.
Purified alpha-lactalbumin is most readily used in
infant formula manufacturing, as it has the most
structurally similar protein profile compared to breast
milk.
Immunoglobulins
Immunoglobulin (Ig) is an antibody of whey
fraction. Milk appears to contain a significant
amount of immunoglobulins, approximately 10-
15 percent of total whey proteins.
Nutritional and health effects
Whey contains proteins, albumins and globulins,
which have outstanding nutritional qualities
(Nelson 1969).
The glutathione in whey protein is an antioxidant
reduce the risk of cancer in animals, suggesting
an avenue for future medical research (Parodi
2007).
Nutritional and health effects
Whey contains all the essential amino acids Isoleucine,
Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine,Threonine,
Tryptophan and Valine. Whey also contains lactose,
and minerals (Kansal 2008)
Biologically active components are exclusively
found in the whey (Fuda et al 2005)
Nutritional and health effects
Reducing the risks heart disease, cancer and
diabetes (Krissansen 2007).
whey proteins have antimicrobial, antiviral and anti-
oxidant properties, can offer a kind of protection
against cancer and heart diseases and assist at the
enhancement of immune- defence( Aspasia and
Stamatis 2012)
Membrane filtration of Whey
Whey components are fractionated by the use of membrane filtration techniques
Ultrafiltration Microfiltration Nano-filteration
Resulting in Whey protein concentrate Whey protein isolate Lactose Permeate
Whey Processing
Whey protein concentrates (WPC)
The most commonly method used in the manufacture of WPCs is certainly Ultrafiltration.
Ultrafiltration retentate is the whey proteins, and this stream can be further processed by evaporation and spray drying. Finally whey protein concentrate contain around 60% protein by weight.
Whey Protein Isolates (WPI)Commercial WPIs contain between 88-95% protein. Microfiltered and demineralized whey further purified and concentrated and spray dried to obtained protein isolates(Morr, 1989) Protein isolates, are high protein products with a higher ratio of a particular protein than that present in whey.
Production of Whey powdersWhey is firstly concentrated in 40-70% total
solids and then spray or a roll dryer used to
remove moisture until the final product reaches
5% moisture content
Whey drying is the simplest operation used in
whey utilization
Applications of Whey ProteinsChocolates and ConfectioneryIce creams and frozen foodsBakery foodsSport foods Baby foodsFunctional foods and food supplementsValue added products such as nutritional beverage etc.Biologically active foodsUsed in the formulation of animal and poultry feed
Whey in Confectionery
With the use of sweetened
condensed whey, several
types of candy can be
produced, including fudge,
caramels, candies and taffy.Sweet whey contains 5 %
lactose
BeveragesFruit-flavored drinks containing 75-90% whey have been developed by Nelson and Brown. Suitable flavorings included peach puree (20%), strawberry (10%), and red raspberry (10%).
The preparation of the flavored whey drinks involved concentration to 18-20°Brix and addition of citric acid to bring the pH down to 3.6.
Whey beverages with a low alcohol content •Guan and Brunne(1987) developed a koumiss-type product with a skim milk/whey blend in which the mixture has 2.5% added saccharose, inoculated with 2.5-10% of a culture containing lactobacilli and yeast and incubated at 78°F for 12-15 hr to a lactic acid content of 1%.
Whey Wine•Cheddar cheese whey was successfully used to produce whey wines of acceptable quality at Oregon State University (Larson, 1976) Raw whey was clarified by heating to 180°F for 5 minutes and filtering. The cooled whey filtrate had 22% dextrose and 100 ppm of SO2 added before inoculation and fermentation.
Whey in Bakery foodsUse of whey should lead to better kneading of bread dough, to better yeast fermentation, to a lighter crumb color, and greater porosity and improvement in the crust
Sweet whey is used in confectionery to give brown color and characteristic caramel flavor in confections and bakery products
Whey in Infant foods
As whey is rich in lactose, body
building protein, minerals and
essential amino acids which helps
the growth of tissue in infants,
they are widely used in the
formulations of weaned foods and
baby foods (Guptha ,1989 )
Whey in sports nutrition
The key whey products used in
sports nutrition bars and drinks
are sweet dried whey, WPCs,
WPIs, hydrolyzed whey products,
whey peptides, lactoferrin and
other fractions (Anon.1999.)
Therapeutic Applications of Whey Protein
The biological components of whey, including lactoferrin, betalactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin, glycomacropeptide, and immunoglobulins, demonstrate a range of immune-enhancing properties. In addition, whey has the ability to act as an antioxidant, antihypertensive, antitumor, hypolipidemic, antiviral, antibacterial, and chelating agent.A number of clinical trials have successfully been performed using whey in the treatment of cancer, HIV, hepatitis B, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and as an antimicrobial agent(Keri, 2004)
Probiotic whey
Whey based probiotic product can be prepared
with the addition of Bifidobacterium spp. and
Lactobacillus ssp. at 00.5-1.0% level. Titrable
acidity and pH values as well as sensory
properties did not change storage at 40 C for 40
days (Adrian et al, 2004)
Whey in Animal feeding
Whey is used inDairy cattle feedBeef cattle feed swine feedPoultry feed
Dairy cattle feed
Whey can be fed to the lactating cow to replace water.
Whey in swine feed
Liquid whey has been successfully fed to pigs for many years. The general consensus of opinion is that whey can be used to replace about 30% of the dietary nutrients (Schingoethe, 1990)
Whey in poultry feed
Scott (1952) reported that
turkey poults do not
tolerate lactose well. He
reported that lactose
caused an increase in the
occurrence of enlarged
hocks in young turkeys
Whey in fuels and chemicals
•Fuel gases such as ethane,
methane and chemicals as
fungicides, insecticides and
fertilizers Can be produced
from whey
Conclusion•Whey is rich in valuable proteins which can be used as main ingredient in value added and nutritious products
•Utilization of whey instead of draining can reduce the environmental pollution
•Essential amino acids of whey protein and minerals are the nutritious components of milk
•Hence whey can be utilized in different forms as explained.
THANK YOU