Cartography
What is the art of making maps called?
Cartography – the art of making maps
Map Making
A map is a drawing or a picture of the earths surface, showing how things are related to each other by distance, direction and size.
What is a Map ?
Lagrange Middle School
Maps are used for:Navigation : To find places
Direction to travel
Determine distance
Determine Size
Visually display data
Uses of MapsWhat do we use Maps for?
Types of MapsTopographic map –
Shows elevation of the landShows 3 dimensional ups and downs on 2
dimensional surfacePopulation density –
How many people live in an area (crowdedness).
Road maps, School Maps,Weather Maps, Etc…
Different types of maps
What is on a Proper Map?Title –
Tells what map you are looking at.Key / Legend
Shows representations of objects on the map.Scale –
Shows distance on a map.
What is on a proper map?
Compass – gives direction (N,S,E,W)
WE not EW to get out of the woods.
Landmarks/features – objects such as mountains, buildings, parking lots ect.
Roads with names – roads are labeled to clarify which roads you are looking at
Latitude and longitudeFor navigation
What is on a proper map?
How do we tell which is which?
Latitude and Longitude
Latitude is the Measure of distance north and south of the equator. (Laddertude, Flatitude)
What is its range?Latitude range = 0° – 90° N or SWhat are lines of equal latitude?Parallels are lines of the same latitude running East and West on a map Parallel to the EquatorWhat is 0 Degrees Latitude?Equator - 0° latitudeHalfway between North and South pole
What is Latitude?
Other notable LatitudesNorth Pole: 90° NArctic Circle: 66.5° NTropic of Cancer: 23.5° NEquator: 0° LatitudeTropic of Capricorn: 23.5° SAntarctic Circle: 66.5° SSouth Pole: 90° S
All #’s relate to 23.5 Earths Tilt
Longitude is the measure of distance east and west of the prime meridian Longitude Range?Longitude Range 0° - 180° E or W Can only go half way around a circleLines of equal Longitude?Meridian - Lines of equal Longitude. Run between North and South Pole Zero Degrees Longitude Prime Meridian – 0° longitude
Runs through Greenwich, England What is the name for 180°
The International Date Line is 180 Deg. Longitude
Longitude
We started using Latitude / Longitude For ship navigation
Why did we start using Lat / Long?
Poor navigation = Bad Day
Latitude / Longitude for Lagrangeville, NY?Lat / Long for Lagrangeville, NY 41 Deg. North / 74 Deg. West
Our Latitude / Longitude
Latitude first, must always include N or SLongitude second, must always include E or W Start at equator and go N or S the number of degreeStart at the Prime meridian and go E or W the
number of degrees
The intersection of the two lines is your location
To Review
40° N 3° WMadrid, Spain
36° N 112° WGrand Canyon National Park
0°N 36° ENairobi, Kenya
33° S 70° ESantiago, Chile
28° N 81° WDisney World - Orlando, Florida
Find these Coordinates
Time Zones
Time zones - Longitudinal belt in which all areas have the same local time
Why do we have time zones?Since the Earth rotates, not all places are in
daylight at the same time. To accommodate for this, different places are set to different times
Why do we have Time Zones?
Where is the starting point for time zones? The 0 point for time is 0° Longitude or the
prime meridian (Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
How far apart is each time zone?Every time zone is 15 Deg. Apart.360° / 24 hours = 15° / hour What happens to time when we move to the
West?Every 15 deg. you move West we subtract 1
hr (Lazy Californians) What happens when we move to the East?Every 15 degrees to the East we add 1 hour
(Busy NYC)
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Can we go back multiple days in time?To stop us from going to far back or forward in time, the International Date line resets the day. What happens when we cross it?Crossing to the west we add one day.Crossing it to the east we subtract one dayIt is the opposite of time zones! Why is the line not straight with the 180 deg
meridian?The line does not run perfectly North and
South, it bends around islands in its path
International Date Line
US time zones:Eastern Standard TimeCentral Standard TimeMountain Standard TimePacific Standard Time
Alaska and Hawaii
Time Zones in the United States
What is the best representation of the Earth?The best representation of the Earth is a
Globe.
What happens when we try to make a map the Earth?
When the round surface of the Earth is projected on a flat surface changes occur that distort the size and shape of land and oceans
Mapping the Earth
Mercator Maps show correct shape of coastline
Distorts the size of land and water areas far from the equator
Greenland is made much larger then it really is.
Mercator Projection
Equal Area Maps shows area correctly Distorts the shapes
Equal Area Projection
How to write a lab – cover page (G)
How to write a lab– Purpose/Procedure (G)
How to write a lab – data (G)
How to write a lab – conclusion (G)
1.) What is a map?2.) What is the study of maps known as?3.) Name and explain 3 kinds of maps people
would use?4.) What are 8 important features on a map
(define)5.) What changed from your first map to your
final map?(Meaning did you add or change
anything.)6.) Explain 2 types of maps that try to fix the
problem of distortion.
Map lab Conclusion (G)
# Latitude Longitude1 60 N 80 W
2 60 N 40 W
3 30 N 80 W
4 30 N 40 W
5 10 N 80 W
6 10 N 70 W
7 10 N 50 W
8 10 N 40 W
9 30 S 80 W
10 30 S 40 W
Lab
H.I. Lab (G) / Secret Code Lab (R)Conclusion:Define Latitude ?Define parallels ? (in terms of latitude)What is the zero point for Latitude ?Define Longitude ?Define Meridian ? (in terms of Longitude)What is the zero point for Longitude ?What are time zones, Why do we have them
and how many degrees are between them?What is the International Date Line, where is
it and why do we have it ?