Web Based Integrated Models for
Participatory Planning
National Technical University of Athens
School of Rural and Surveying Engineering
Department of Geography and Regional Planning
Elias Grammatikogiannis Maria Giaoutzi
June 20th - June 23th, 2011,
University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
"Cities, Technologies and Planning" (CTP 11)
Sixth International Workshop on "Geographical Analysis, Urban Modeling, Spatial Statistics"
GEOG-AN-MOD 11
The development of an
Integrated Assessment Model (IAM)that embeds the web dimension
to promote Participatory Spatial Planning
by increasing awareness in society, on environmental issues
GOAL
PARTS OF THE PAPER
PART 1: Concepts of IA and Participatory IA
PART 2: List of Integrated Assessment Models
PART 3: the LandGEM IA Model
PART 4: Development of a PIA Model
Integrated Assessment – IA:
Interdisciplinary process of combining, interpreting and communicating knowledge
from diverse scientific disciplines
(where the whole cause–effect chain of a problem
can be evaluated from a synoptic perspective)
PART 1: Concepts of IA and PIA
(Rotmans and Dowlatabadi,1997)
reflective and iterative participatory process
that takes into account the social context in which
scientific and political activities operate
Participatory Integrated Assessment - PIA
(ULYSSES Project)
approach that allows to combine evaluations of experts (scientific
judgments) and lay people (valuations of non-scientists)
(Schlumpf et al. (1999 )
PART 1: Concepts of IA and PIA
IAMs: simulate natural and socio-economic
systems
Goal: to analyze one or more of the cause-
effect chains of an environmental problem,
to describe the relation between human activity and environmental change
PART 2: List of Integrated Assessment Models
PART 2: List of Integrated Assessment Models
Divided into:
I. evaluation policy models
II. optimization policy models
I. Evaluation Policy Models
consider the effects of a single policy option on
biosphere, climate, and
economic systems and are also known as simulation models
PART 2: List of Integrated Assessment Models
II. Optimization Policy Models
assess the optimal policy (trade off expected costs and benefits of climate change control)
identify policies (minimize the costs of achieving a particular goal)
simulate the effects of an efficient level of
carbon abatement on the world economy
PART 2: List of Integrated Assessment Models
PART 2: List of Integrated Assessment Models
(S=Simple C=Complex)Model Author Type Detail
ClimateEconom
yAtmosphe
re
AIM Morita 1994 Eval. C Simple Complex
DIAM Chapuis, 1995 Opt. S S S
ICAM Dowlatabadi Morgan 1995 Eval. C S C
IMAGE Alcamo 1994 Eval. C S C
MAGICC Wigley, 1993 Eval. C C C
MARIA Mori 1995 Opt. S C S
MERGE Manne, 1993 Opt. S C S
PAGE CEC 1992 Eval. C C S
TARGETS Rotmans 1995 Eval. C S C
LandGEM model (Landfill Gas Emissions Model)
designed by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA)
automated gas emissionestimation tool
with Microsoft Excel interface
General InformationPART 3: LandGEM - IA Model
How it Works!!PART 3: LandGEM IA Model
Climate Type
Landfill Open and Closure
Year
Mass of Waste
CAA Default Parameters
Inventory Default
Parameters
Landfill Characteristics
Default Parameters
Options
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
LandGEM Equation
I
II
II
III
ijktn
i j
ioCH eM
kLQ
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1
1.0 104
I. Inputs
Climate: conventional and arid type of climate
Landfill Open and Closure Year: Year of opening and closure of the landfill
Waste Acceptance Data: The volume of waste accepted in Landfill in (Mg)
How it works!!PART 3: LandGEM IA Model
II. Model Equation
k = methane generation rate determines therate of methane generation for the mass ofwasteL0 = potential methane generation capacity the higher the cellulose contents of the waste,the higher the value of Lo
How it Works!!PART 3: LandGEM IA Model
ijktn
i j
ioCH eM
kLQ
1
1
1.0 104
How it works!!PART 3: LandGEM IA Model
III. Emissions
1.total landfill gas 2.methane 3.carbon dioxide4.non-methane organic compounds
(NMOCs)
5.but also individual air pollutants
from from municipal solidmunicipal solid waste landfills waste landfills
A Web based Integrated Assessment Model- LandGEM
PART 4: Development of PIA Model
Gas emissions
LandGEM
Typical Diagram of IAM
A Web based Integrated Assessment Model- LandGEM
PART 4: Development of PIA Model
Structure of a Web Based IA Model
Tools Co-operating with IAMPART 4: Development of PIA Model
co-Operating Tools:
web questionnaires geovisualization tools multicriteria methods
ELECTREPROMETHEE
etc.
Google EarthWeb GIS platforms
etc.
Transformation of Web Based LandGEM into a PIA Model
PART 4: Development of PIA Model
STEPS:Step 1. Transformation of the
aggregated input data, into personal data (individuals’ behavioural patterns)
Step 2. Estimation of personal contribution to GHGs
Step 3. Calculation of the impacts of the behaviour “what if everyone acts like the model user”?
Step 4. Sharing, with other users, the results of personal contributions
Structure of Participatory Integrated Assessment Model
PART 4: Development of PIA Model
Attributes of PIA Model PART 4: Development of PIA Model
PIA Model Facilitates Participatory Process as able to:
Estimate greenhouse gas emissions from household waste disposal
Assess greenhouse gas emissions “if everyone acts like the model user”
Share users’ greenhouse gas emissions on web
Provide an open in access, autonomous and web accessible model for both expertsexperts and laymenlaymen
CONCLUSIONS I
1. the transformation process, may hold for any IA model, that simulates socio-economic, environmental etc. phenomena
2. useful tool for handling problems that require both the monitoring of behavioural patterns and the assessment of peoples’ contribution to the problem under study
CONCLUSIONS II
3. the transformation from the LandGEM expert oriented model into a user oriented model enables the communication of the scientific knowledge to the broader public
4. by embedding, the web dimension an
open access, innovative and autonomous PIA model has been created, that could inform people on the impacts of their behaviour
CONCLUSIONS III
5. LandGEM PIA model could be combined with important tools of the planning process, such as web questionnaires, geovisualization tools, multicriteria methods etc.
6. barriers to be overcome in order to implement the Web Based PIA Models efficiently, are the user friendliness of the model interface that should become as accessible as possible to the lay user.
THANK YOU