Christopher J. Parker
Value is NOT Price!
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Value = Gains - Gives "There is no universal
definition of value, but a tailored construction of actual usability specifications to fit the needs of each individual situation" [1]
Value is the Net Benefits
Background
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WE Have a Problem For over 50 years [2] there
has been a call for more specialist maps
Since Paul Rademacher created the first mashup in 2005 [3] home developers have been creating all kinds of maps
Academically, all of this is a mystery outside computer sciences
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YOU Have a Problem Why would people use
OpenStreetMap? Who are your users? What do they want? Are their concerns being
met?
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Why should we research value? Value DOES NOT =
QualityFit for purpose [4] &
conforming to requirements [5]
Research to date has been conducted in ‘Computer Sciences’ and GIS
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Research Study 1 - Overview Centred around “Volunteered
Geographic Information” (VGI) How should we think about ‘Value’ in
VGI? What are the user base relationships? What are the important ‘benefits’ and
‘sacrifices’ with VGI based Maps? What is the background for map user-
groups?
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Initial Results
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Methods Interview Google Maps &
OpenStreetMap users, developers, and contributors
Break down interviews into 118 nodes
Looked for common themes and trends the in data
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User Relationships
CORPORATE MAP
PROGRAMS
What does VGI mean to me?
VGI MAP PROJECT
DEVELOPERSDATA OWNERS
What is the best licence
Flame Wars
CONTRIBUTORS
What do I want to do?
Is everyone pulling together?
INFLUENCE
OPINIONS
OPINION
MAILING LISTS
‘Rich Picture’ by Parker (2009), base on the concept by Monk and Howard (1998)
How can I make money from this?
VGI BUSINESS MASHUPS
TRADITIONAL CARTOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT
Who takes the Blame?
COMMUNITY
Don’t intrude on us
Can I trust this data?
USERS
Will I have to pay for this?
‘Traditional’ Mashups
This doesn’t have everything
VGI/ Corporate Maps Mashups
MAPS
MAPS
MAPS
INFLUENCE
DATADATA
DATA
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY
Our maps should be different
What can I do with this?
Tradition
PREFERENCE
[6][6]
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Benefits and Sacrifices
Volunteered Geographic Information
MAPS
Functional Knowledge
Social Enhancement
BackgroundEmotional
Legal
Moral
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Benefits and Sacrifices (Cont.)
Volunteered Geographic Information
MAPS
Functional Knowledge
Social Enhancement
Map is better than
competition
Inaccuracies OK
Enables work activities
Enables social activities
Increases community
contacts
Cant trust 100%
Incomplete data set
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Benefits Background
Continual Improvement Anyone can contribute
Legal Maps are free*
Functional Better than Competition Extra bits not on
traditional maps Personalisation is great Good data! International Maps More up to date
Knowledge Explore local
environment Social Enhancement
Enjoyable community Enables social activities Increases social reach
Emotional Being emotionally
connected to project Hope for the future
Moral Benefiting others Fitting ideology
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Sacrifices Background
Ordinance Survey is the gold standard
Legal Functional
Can’t trust 100%Incomplete data setInconsistent tags
Knowledge Social Enhancement
Takes up time
EmotionalConcerned about
data vandalism
Moral
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Initial Conclusions People are not making full
use of VGI dataNot aware of itNot understanding benefits
Performance and Functional (doing things) appear allot
Social interaction is very important
More research on user benefit is needed
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Future ResearchStudy
1 What is the general value of Volunteered Geographic Information?
2 How do the extra details (fast food, pubs, toilets, bike racks) make a difference to the use of the map?
3 How is user understanding of information different from one user to the next?
4 Objective Vs Subjective volunteered information.
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Summary The extra details are
crucial. Completeness is a myth,
but you can give the users what they desire
Social Interaction drives volunteer activity
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YOU Have a Problem Why would people use
OpenStreetMap? Who are your users? What do they want? Are their concerns being
met?
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Thank YouAnd now, your questions!
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References [1] WHITESIDE, J., BENNETT, J. and HOLTZBLATT, K., 1988. Usability Engineering: Our
experience and evolution. In: M. HELANDER, ed, Handbook of Human-computer Interaction. orth-Holland, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Ltd, pp. 791-817.
[2] CRONE, G.R., 1968. Contemporary Cartography. In: W.G. EAST, ed, Maps and their Makers. Fourth edn. London, UK: Hutchinson & Co LTD, pp. 166-171.
[3] WIKIPEDIA, , January 26th, 2009-last update, mashup (web application hybrid) [Homepage of Wikipedia (En)], [Online]. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashup_(web_application_hybrid) [January 27th, 2009].
[4] JURAN, J.M., 1964. Managerial breakthrough: a new concept of the manager's job. McGraw-Hill Companies.
[5] CROSBY, P.B., 1979. Quality is free. McGraw-Hill New York. [6] MONK, A. and HOWARD, S., 1998. The Rich Picture: A Tool for Reasoning About Work Context.
Interactions, 5(2), pp. 21-30.