United States United States and World War Iand World War I
APUSHAPUSH
Over ThereOver There By George M. By George M. CohanCohan VerseVerse
Johnnie get your gun, get your gun, get Johnnie get your gun, get your gun, get your gun,your gun,
Take it on the run, on the run, on the run,Take it on the run, on the run, on the run,Hear them calling you and me,Hear them calling you and me,Ev'ry son of liberty.Ev'ry son of liberty.Hurry right away, no delay, go today,Hurry right away, no delay, go today,Make your daddy glad to have had such a Make your daddy glad to have had such a
lad,lad,Tell your sweetheart not to pine,Tell your sweetheart not to pine,To be proud her boy's in line. To be proud her boy's in line. ChorusChorus
Over there over thereOver there over there Send the word, send the word over Send the word, send the word over
therethere That the Yanks are coming, the That the Yanks are coming, the
Yanks are coming,Yanks are coming, The drums rum-tumming The drums rum-tumming
ev'rywhereev'rywhere So prepare say a pray'rSo prepare say a pray'r Send the word, send the word to Send the word, send the word to
bewarebeware We'll be over, we're coming over,We'll be over, we're coming over, And we won't come back till it's And we won't come back till it's
over over there!over over there!
VerseVerse Johnnie get your gun, get Johnnie get your gun, get
your gun, get your gun,your gun, get your gun, Johnnie show the Hun Johnnie show the Hun
you're a son of a gun,you're a son of a gun, Hoist the flag and let her Hoist the flag and let her
fly,fly, Yankee Doodle do or die.Yankee Doodle do or die. Pack your little kit, show Pack your little kit, show
your grit, do your bit,your grit, do your bit, Yankees to the ranks from Yankees to the ranks from
the towns and the tanks,the towns and the tanks, Make your mother proud Make your mother proud
of youof you And the old Red White and And the old Red White and
Blue.Blue.
Essay Question Choice 2Essay Question Choice 2 Mobilization for WWI altered the lives of Mobilization for WWI altered the lives of
millions of civilians. Describe the impact millions of civilians. Describe the impact on the American society to three of the on the American society to three of the following:following:
A.A. Women and the war effort (military, Women and the war effort (military, munitions manufacturing)munitions manufacturing)
B.B. Black Americans (Great Migration, push Black Americans (Great Migration, push pull factors)pull factors)
C.C. Curbing dissent (Civil Liberties- Curbing dissent (Civil Liberties- Espionage Act- Sedition Act)Espionage Act- Sedition Act)
D.D. Paying for the war (Income, Corporate, Paying for the war (Income, Corporate, excise taxes, War Bonds, Loans)excise taxes, War Bonds, Loans)
E.E. Fuel and food administration (Food Fuel and food administration (Food Administration, Wheat, sugar, meat)Administration, Wheat, sugar, meat)
““The most colossal, murderous, The most colossal, murderous, mismanaged butchery that has ever mismanaged butchery that has ever taken place on earth.”taken place on earth.”
Ernest HemmingwayErnest Hemmingway ““Make the world safe for democracy.“Make the world safe for democracy.“
Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson
Stuff You Need to KnowStuff You Need to Know The First World WarThe First World War Problems of neutrality Problems of neutrality
Submarines Submarines Economic ties Economic ties Psychological and ethnic Psychological and ethnic
ties ties Preparedness and Preparedness and
pacifism pacifism Mobilization Mobilization
Fighting the war Fighting the war Financing the war Financing the war War boards War boards Propaganda, public Propaganda, public
opinion, civil liberties opinion, civil liberties
Wilson's Fourteen Wilson's Fourteen Points Points Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Versailles Ratification fight Ratification fight
Postwar Postwar demobilization demobilization Red scare Red scare Labor strife Labor strife
1.1. How did the United States Participate in WWI How did the United States Participate in WWI before we actually started fighting?before we actually started fighting?
2.2. How did the US get involved in WWI?How did the US get involved in WWI?3.3. Whose side was the US on?Whose side was the US on?4.4. Identify: The Lusitania, Zimmerman Telegram-Identify: The Lusitania, Zimmerman Telegram-5.5. What is What is Unlimited Submarine WarfareUnlimited Submarine Warfare and how and how
did it push Americans into war?did it push Americans into war?6.6. When the US finally entered the war, how did the When the US finally entered the war, how did the
Government organize for the war? (be specific)Government organize for the war? (be specific)7.7. What role did money play in the decision for the US What role did money play in the decision for the US
to enter the War?to enter the War?8.8. How did the American Government try to control How did the American Government try to control
Public Opinion about the war?Public Opinion about the war?9.9. How did African Americans status in America How did African Americans status in America
change due to the war?change due to the war?10.10. What did Wilson want Americans to do in order to What did Wilson want Americans to do in order to
insure no other World War would start again?insure no other World War would start again?11.11. How did the American Republicans respond to How did the American Republicans respond to
Wilson’s peace plan?Wilson’s peace plan?12.12. Identify the 14 points- what parts did the US Senate Identify the 14 points- what parts did the US Senate
disagree with?disagree with?
World War I 1914-1919World War I 1914-1919
Secret Alliances- Secret Alliances- (Triple Alliance/Triple Entente)(Triple Alliance/Triple Entente)
Rivalries-EmpiresRivalries-Empires Militarism/ “Arms Race”Militarism/ “Arms Race” Revenge- Franco-Prussia War (1971)Revenge- Franco-Prussia War (1971) Nationalist movement touches off a Nationalist movement touches off a
giant war (Serbia- the Black Hand giant war (Serbia- the Black Hand Gavrillo Princip)Gavrillo Princip)
Pre World War I MapPre World War I MapInteractive Map of WarInteractive Map of War
Americans want to keep out Americans want to keep out of Warof War
Woodrow Wilson was reelected in Woodrow Wilson was reelected in 1916 on the platform that 1916 on the platform that ““He Kept Us Out of War!”He Kept Us Out of War!”
In 1917, however, Wilson sought a In 1917, however, Wilson sought a declaration of war. declaration of war.
Citing “Freedom of the seas.” Citing “Freedom of the seas.” A “War to Make the World Safe for A “War to Make the World Safe for
Democracy” Democracy”
Woodrow Wilson 1912-Woodrow Wilson 1912-19191919
Democrat (Progressive)Democrat (Progressive) PHD-Professor then President of PHD-Professor then President of
Princeton- Political SciencePrinceton- Political Science Governor of New JerseyGovernor of New Jersey Want foreign policy to shapeWant foreign policy to shape
moralitymorality in the World. in the World. Very religious Very religious Committed to Peace in the world.Committed to Peace in the world.
Moral or Missionary Moral or Missionary DiplomacyDiplomacy
Wilson, “It would be the irony of fate if my Wilson, “It would be the irony of fate if my administration had to deal chiefly with administration had to deal chiefly with foreign affairs.”foreign affairs.”
Hoped to change relations with Latin Hoped to change relations with Latin America- didn’t like the “Big Stick” America- didn’t like the “Big Stick” diplomacy- diplomacy-
Wanted to restore Latin American Wanted to restore Latin American Confidence in the USConfidence in the US
American Economic Expansion with American Economic Expansion with American Democracy, and Christianity, to American Democracy, and Christianity, to civilize the world.civilize the world.
Secretary of State Secretary of State William Jennings BryanWilliam Jennings Bryan (Christian, Pacifist- reflected the (Christian, Pacifist- reflected the Moral/Missionary vision)Moral/Missionary vision)
““Missionary” DiplomacyMissionary” Diplomacy Wilson saw American influence in the Wilson saw American influence in the
world as a moral crusade-world as a moral crusade- Wanted to help create a “New World Wanted to help create a “New World
Order” guided by fair play and Order” guided by fair play and cooperationcooperation
Wanted to spread democracy and hope to Wanted to spread democracy and hope to less fortunate landsless fortunate lands
Pledged, Pledged, “The United States would “The United States would never again seek one additional foot never again seek one additional foot of territory by conquest.”of territory by conquest.”
Wilson and MoralityWilson and Morality
““Americans are meant to carry Americans are meant to carry liberty and justice and the principles liberty and justice and the principles of humanity wherever… convert of humanity wherever… convert them to principles of America.”them to principles of America.”
““America must use it’s enormous America must use it’s enormous moral and material power to create moral and material power to create a new order.”a new order.”
1. How did the United States 1. How did the United States Participate in WWI before we Participate in WWI before we
actually started fighting?actually started fighting? American “Neutrality” American “Neutrality” “He Kept Us Out of War!”“He Kept Us Out of War!” Most Americans did not want to get involved in Most Americans did not want to get involved in
the Warthe War Wilson didn’t want war but didn’t want Brits to Wilson didn’t want war but didn’t want Brits to
loselose Anglo-Americans Anglo-Americans pro-Allies (Brits)pro-Allies (Brits) Irish AmericansIrish Americans (4.5 million) were Anti-British (4.5 million) were Anti-British
and pro-German (1916, Easter Rising, Irish will and pro-German (1916, Easter Rising, Irish will use German Weapons to attack British in Dublin)use German Weapons to attack British in Dublin)
German Americans pro-German (8 million)German Americans pro-German (8 million) American Industrialists- were making millions on American Industrialists- were making millions on
war goodswar goods
American “Neutrality”American “Neutrality”Wilson said, A German victory would be “destructive to American ideals.”
2. How did the US get involved 2. How did the US get involved in WWI?in WWI?
Economics (we loaned a ton to Allies Economics (we loaned a ton to Allies and couldn’t afford to have them and couldn’t afford to have them lose)lose)
Propaganda Propaganda Unrestricted Submarine WarfareUnrestricted Submarine Warfare LusitaniaLusitania Zimmerman TelegramZimmerman Telegram
Economic Ties=Tacit Economic Ties=Tacit NeutralityNeutrality U. S. BankersU. S. Bankers
Immediately after the War bogged down into stalemate, the Immediately after the War bogged down into stalemate, the Allies sought to build their armies. They needed money and Allies sought to build their armies. They needed money and material to do it. They also needed supplies in large material to do it. They also needed supplies in large quantities. What they couldn't produce they bought from the quantities. What they couldn't produce they bought from the United States and they bought on credit from U. S. Banks. United States and they bought on credit from U. S. Banks.
Trade with Germany Trade with Germany 1914 = $169,000,000 1914 = $169,000,000 1916 = $1,158,000 1916 = $1,158,000 1917 $27 million in credit1917 $27 million in credit
Trade with AlliesTrade with Allies 1914 = $824,000,000 1914 = $824,000,000 1916 = $3,214,000,000 1916 = $3,214,000,000 1917 = $2.3 billion in credit1917 = $2.3 billion in credit
When the War looked bad for the Allies the bankers became When the War looked bad for the Allies the bankers became worried that they might lose their money if the Allies lost the worried that they might lose their money if the Allies lost the War and started to pressure the United States government War and started to pressure the United States government to get more involved.to get more involved.
Sinking of the Lusitania Sinking of the Lusitania May 1915May 1915
Wilson wants to maintain neutrality Wilson wants to maintain neutrality but also cited the necessity to but also cited the necessity to maintain “freedom of the seas”maintain “freedom of the seas”
Causes Americans to become more Causes Americans to become more hostile to Germanshostile to Germans
Effect of LusitaniaEffect of Lusitania
Wilson protests and demands German Wilson protests and demands German apology, reparations, commitment to apology, reparations, commitment to stop attacking passenger vesselsstop attacking passenger vessels
Germans comply for time beingGermans comply for time being Americans still trade with Allies and Americans still trade with Allies and
GermansGermans Wilson desires “Peace and Wilson desires “Peace and
Preparedness” begins to prepare for Preparedness” begins to prepare for war with appropriationswar with appropriations
Election of 1916Election of 1916
Wilson playing the both sidesWilson playing the both sides Preparedness and PeacePreparedness and Peace Beats the Republican Hughes Beats the Republican Hughes Very close raceVery close race 277-254 electoral votes277-254 electoral votes 9.1 mill- 8.5 mill pop votes9.1 mill- 8.5 mill pop votes
PropagandaPropagandaGrows Grows
Zimmerman TelegramZimmerman Telegram
January 1917January 1917 German diplomat suggests to MexicoGerman diplomat suggests to Mexico Alliance- Alliance- If US enters the war against GermanyIf US enters the war against Germany Mexico declares war on US and if Mexico declares war on US and if
Germany and US win, Mexico will receive Germany and US win, Mexico will receive Texas, Arizona, and New MexicoTexas, Arizona, and New Mexico
Telegram is leaked to papersTelegram is leaked to papers Outrages many Americans = more Outrages many Americans = more
support for entering warsupport for entering war
Unrestricted Submarine Unrestricted Submarine WarfareWarfare
1917 Germany is getting desperate1917 Germany is getting desperate Wants to force British negotiated Wants to force British negotiated
peace or victorypeace or victory Announces new policy of Unrestricted Announces new policy of Unrestricted
Submarine Warfare= All ships going Submarine Warfare= All ships going to Allied countries possible targets.to Allied countries possible targets.
Germans thought this might cause Germans thought this might cause US to enter war, but thought war US to enter war, but thought war would end before they could mobilize.would end before they could mobilize.
Video of Submarine Video of Submarine
Wilson Supports WarWilson Supports War
Wilson- Very pro-British-Wilson- Very pro-British- saw the war saw the war concerning the survival of democracy.concerning the survival of democracy.
US Bankers and industrialists supported US Bankers and industrialists supported entrance into warentrance into war
Wilson wanted to see a Wilson wanted to see a New World Order New World Order emergeemerge
He cited the “He cited the “Freedom of the seasFreedom of the seas” ” The American cause was “to vindicate the The American cause was “to vindicate the
principles of peace and justice…The world principles of peace and justice…The world must be made safe for democracymust be made safe for democracy
Asks Congress for a Declaration of WarAsks Congress for a Declaration of War
3. Whose side was the 3. Whose side was the US on?US on?
Congress Vote Congress Vote April 1917April 1917 Senate 92-6Senate 92-6 House 473-50House 473-50
US is at war against GermanyUS is at war against Germany
6. When the US finally entered the war, 6. When the US finally entered the war, how did the Government organize how did the Government organize
for the war? (be specific)for the war? (be specific)
MobilizationMobilization Financing the WarFinancing the War
Raised Income TaxesRaised Income Taxes Corporate TaxesCorporate Taxes LoansLoans War BondsWar Bonds
$24 Billion- cost of $24 Billion- cost of warwar
$11 Billion in war $11 Billion in war loansloans
War boards organize War boards organize productionproduction
War Industries Board War Industries Board (WIB)(WIB) Huge bureaucracy Huge bureaucracy Manages war time Manages war time
economyeconomy Food AdministrationFood Administration
Herbert Hoover Herbert Hoover Managed food supplyManaged food supply Controlling Wheat, Meat, Controlling Wheat, Meat,
SugarSugar Railroad BoardRailroad Board Fuel AdministrationFuel Administration Shipping Board Shipping Board
(Merchant Ships)(Merchant Ships) National War Labor National War Labor
BoardBoard
Prohibition and the warProhibition and the war
War industries board WIB - huge bureaucracyWar industries board WIB - huge bureaucracy Food Administration- headed by Herbert Food Administration- headed by Herbert
HooverHoover Wanted to Wanted to limit private consumptionlimit private consumption of goods of goods
that could be used for the war effort such as: that could be used for the war effort such as: wheat, grains, and sugarwheat, grains, and sugar so that it could be so that it could be used for the war effortused for the war effort
1818thth Amendment proposed- outlaw the making Amendment proposed- outlaw the making of alcohol of alcohol
Volstead Act- federal legislation that enforces Volstead Act- federal legislation that enforces the 18the 18thth amendment amendment
8. How did the American 8. How did the American Government try to control Government try to control
Public Opinion about the war?Public Opinion about the war?
Shaping Public OpinionShaping Public Opinion In order to mobilize support for the In order to mobilize support for the
WarWar Committee Public InformationCommittee Public Information The American Government’s The American Government’s
propaganda armpropaganda arm Created to produce hatred for Created to produce hatred for
Germans and support for the war Germans and support for the war effort effort
Civil LibertiesCivil Liberties US has a history of limiting civil US has a history of limiting civil
libertiesliberties, (liberties of free speech, , (liberties of free speech, suspending Habeas Corpus)suspending Habeas Corpus)
John Adams 1798- Alien Sedition ActsJohn Adams 1798- Alien Sedition Acts Lincoln- Lincoln- Civil War- suspends Civil War- suspends Habeas Habeas
CorpusCorpus World War I Wilson pushes World War I Wilson pushes Sedition ActsSedition Acts
(limits freedom of speech)(limits freedom of speech) Web site on suspension of civil libertiesWeb site on suspension of civil liberties Espionage and Sedition ActsEspionage and Sedition Acts
Three Act “Play”Three Act “Play”
Alien Act 1798- Adams government, Alien Act 1798- Adams government, deport enemy aliensdeport enemy aliens
Espionage Act 1917 = allows for Espionage Act 1917 = allows for fines and prison for obstruction of fines and prison for obstruction of war effortwar effort
Sedition Act 1918 = allows up to 20 Sedition Act 1918 = allows up to 20 yearsyears
Civil Liberties AttackedCivil Liberties Attacked A portion of the amendment to Section 3 of the A portion of the amendment to Section 3 of the
Espionage ActEspionage Act of June 15, 1917. of June 15, 1917. SECTION 3. SECTION 3. Whoever, when the United States Whoever, when the United States
is at waris at war,…,,…, . . . the recruiting or enlistment service of the . . . the recruiting or enlistment service of the
United States, or . . . United States, or . . . shall willfully utter, print, write, or publish shall willfully utter, print, write, or publish
any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about the form of government of the language about the form of government of the United States, or the Constitution of the United States, or the Constitution of the United States,… United States,…
by word or act oppose the cause of the United by word or act oppose the cause of the United States therein, shall be punished by a fine of States therein, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment for not more than $10,000 or imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both....not more than twenty years, or both....
Espionage and Sedition Espionage and Sedition ActsActs
The Supreme court upholds the The Supreme court upholds the Espionage and Sedition acts in the Espionage and Sedition acts in the Schenck vs. United StatesSchenck vs. United States..
Critics of the WarCritics of the War
““War to Make the World Safe for War to Make the World Safe for Armaments and Munitions Armaments and Munitions Manufacturers.” Manufacturers.”
People like Emma Goldman, Eugene People like Emma Goldman, Eugene Debs, and Jane Addams vigorously Debs, and Jane Addams vigorously criticized the decision to enter the criticized the decision to enter the war. war.
Debs will be put in prison because of Debs will be put in prison because of his viewshis views
Conscription or Selective Conscription or Selective Service ActService Act
Selective Service Act: All males 18-45 Selective Service Act: All males 18-45 were ordered to register for the draftwere ordered to register for the draft
More men who served in the war were More men who served in the war were conscripted.conscripted.
Draftees were un Unmarried, 13% Draftees were un Unmarried, 13% blackblack
24 million registered24 million registered 2.8 million drafted2.8 million drafted 2 million volunteered2 million volunteered
African Americans During African Americans During the Warthe War
Great Migration= large numbers move NorthGreat Migration= large numbers move North ““Nothing here but money, and it is not hard to Nothing here but money, and it is not hard to
get.”get.” New York/ChicagoNew York/Chicago PushPush: poor conditions, floods, race oppression: poor conditions, floods, race oppression PullPull: more economic opportunity, jobs, higher : more economic opportunity, jobs, higher
paypay Migration causes -Migration causes -hostility among other hostility among other
groups- immigrantsgroups- immigrants Segregated in military- Segregated in military-
Blacks in the MilitaryBlacks in the Military
260,000 enlist or are drafted260,000 enlist or are drafted 50,000 were sent to France- most 50,000 were sent to France- most
worked in service/menial tasksworked in service/menial tasks Some Combat regiments Some Combat regiments Segregated UnitsSegregated Units White officersWhite officers Suffer racial abuseSuffer racial abuse
American Troops FightAmerican Troops Fight
American Expeditionary Force (AEF) American Expeditionary Force (AEF) name of the US forces in Europename of the US forces in Europe
““Doughboys” nickname for Doughboys” nickname for Americans in WWIAmericans in WWI
Black Jack Pershing- American Commanding Black Jack Pershing- American Commanding GeneralGeneral
American Significance in American Significance in WarWar
1916 Russians loosing (weak, poor); 1916 Russians loosing (weak, poor); sending troops w/out weapons to the front sending troops w/out weapons to the front line; 1916 Russians pull out with treaty line; 1916 Russians pull out with treaty Brest Litovsk Brest Litovsk 19171917
1916 French mutiny, 300 killed for 1916 French mutiny, 300 killed for refusing to attack fightingrefusing to attack fighting
Trench warfare causing mass amounts of Trench warfare causing mass amounts of deaths; “No man’s land” and Machine deaths; “No man’s land” and Machine Guns, high explosives, and poison gasGuns, high explosives, and poison gas
If Germany had taken Paris they would If Germany had taken Paris they would have won, but American reinforcements (1 have won, but American reinforcements (1 million troops) stopped the Germans and million troops) stopped the Germans and save the Alliessave the Allies
American Battles American Battles
By early 1918 American troops By early 1918 American troops arrive in Francearrive in France
The AEF fight in a few important The AEF fight in a few important engagementsengagements
Chateau-ThierryChateau-Thierry Bellau WoodBellau Wood The Argonne ForrestThe Argonne Forrest St. MihielSt. Mihiel
Trench WarfareTrench Warfare
Women and the WarWomen and the War
Women enter the military services Women enter the military services Secretaries, nurses, telephone Secretaries, nurses, telephone
operatorsoperators More opportunity for civilian workMore opportunity for civilian work 1 million women in industry 1 million women in industry
munitionsmunitions
ArmisticeArmistice
November 11, 1918 November 11, 1918 Germans facing invasion ask for a Germans facing invasion ask for a
negotiated end of war based on negotiated end of war based on Wilson’s Fourteen PointsWilson’s Fourteen Points
War is effectively over.War is effectively over.
The Fourteen Points andThe Fourteen Points andTreaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles
Wilson attempted to see his “Missionary” Wilson attempted to see his “Missionary” idealsideals in the in the settlement of the war.settlement of the war.
His “New World Order”His “New World Order” ““We entered this war because violations of right had occurred We entered this war because violations of right had occurred
which touched us to the quick and made the life of our own which touched us to the quick and made the life of our own people impossible unless they were corrected and the world people impossible unless they were corrected and the world secured once for all against their recurrence. secured once for all against their recurrence.
What we demand in this war, therefore, is nothing peculiar to What we demand in this war, therefore, is nothing peculiar to ourselves. It is that the world be made fit and safe to live in; ourselves. It is that the world be made fit and safe to live in; and particularly that it be made and particularly that it be made safe for every peace-loving safe for every peace-loving nation which, like our own, wishes to live its own life, nation which, like our own, wishes to live its own life, determine its own institutions, be assured of justice and determine its own institutions, be assured of justice and fair dealing by the other peoples of the world as against fair dealing by the other peoples of the world as against force and selfish aggression.force and selfish aggression.
All the peoples of the world are in effect partners in this All the peoples of the world are in effect partners in this interest, and for our own part we see very clearly that unless interest, and for our own part we see very clearly that unless justice be done to others it will not be done to us. The program justice be done to others it will not be done to us. The program of the world's peace, therefore, is our program”of the world's peace, therefore, is our program”
““Do unto others…”Do unto others…”
Fourteen Points Fourteen Points Idealist expression of Idealist expression of
WilsonWilson To correct errors that To correct errors that
created the war and created the war and to support the to support the creation of a new creation of a new world order based on world order based on Wilson’s missionary Wilson’s missionary principlesprinciples
Contained in Contained in Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles
Some of the PointsSome of the Points Self Determination = Self Determination =
independence for independence for coloniescolonies
Freedom of SeasFreedom of Seas Greater freedom of Greater freedom of
tradetrade No Secret TreatiesNo Secret Treaties Reduction of armamentsReduction of armaments League of Nations to League of Nations to
solve international solve international problemsproblems
Harsh Treaty Punishes Harsh Treaty Punishes Central PowersCentral Powers
Austria-Hungary lose empireAustria-Hungary lose empire Germany loses land, pays large war Germany loses land, pays large war
debtdebt Takes full blame for the warTakes full blame for the war Turkey loses empireTurkey loses empire
Post War MapPost War Map
Ratification BattleRatification Battle Republican Senator, Henry Cabot LodgeRepublican Senator, Henry Cabot Lodge Didn’t like WilsonDidn’t like Wilson Wanted to change/weaken the League of Wanted to change/weaken the League of
Nations Covenant- (Charter) Nations Covenant- (Charter) Was concerned about American Was concerned about American
SovereigntySovereignty ImmigrationImmigration TariffsTariffs Ability use force (limited by the league)Ability use force (limited by the league)
Wanted to Weaken the Democratic PartyWanted to Weaken the Democratic Party
Wilson Commits Wilson Commits “Infanticide”“Infanticide”
Wilson would not compromise with the Wilson would not compromise with the Lodge and the Republicans in SenateLodge and the Republicans in Senate
He goes on a speaking tour to create public He goes on a speaking tour to create public pressure on the Senatepressure on the Senate
Has a massive stroke and is incapacitatedHas a massive stroke and is incapacitated The league of Nations/internationalism is The league of Nations/internationalism is
deaddead American policy and popular opinion will American policy and popular opinion will
reflect the concept of Isolationism- till reflect the concept of Isolationism- till World War IIWorld War II
Influenza Epidemic 1918Influenza Epidemic 1918
World War I claimed an estimated 16 million World War I claimed an estimated 16 million lives. lives.
The influenza epidemic that swept the world in The influenza epidemic that swept the world in 1918 killed MORE THAN 20 MILLION PEOPLE1918 killed MORE THAN 20 MILLION PEOPLE
[[an estimated 20 to 60 million peoplean estimated 20 to 60 million people]. One ]. One fifth of the world's population was attacked by fifth of the world's population was attacked by this deadly virus. this deadly virus.
Within months, it had killed more people than Within months, it had killed more people than any other illness in recorded history.any other illness in recorded history.
Web Site 1918 FluWeb Site 1918 Flu
Red ScareRed Scare
Red ScareRed Scare After the Communist Revolution in Russia andAfter the Communist Revolution in Russia and Establishment of the Communist International Establishment of the Communist International
(Comintern)(Comintern) Americans become frightened of Communism Americans become frightened of Communism
in the USin the US 1918- Anarchist mail bombing campaign 1918- Anarchist mail bombing campaign Mitchell Palmer, US Attorney General, was Mitchell Palmer, US Attorney General, was
one of the recipients- prompts hysterical one of the recipients- prompts hysterical reaction roundups of 6000 alleged radicals reaction roundups of 6000 alleged radicals 500 deported500 deported
J. Edgar Hoover is and assistant to Palmer, J. Edgar Hoover is and assistant to Palmer, (will later head the FBI)(will later head the FBI)
Red Scare Fuels Nativism Red Scare Fuels Nativism and Xenophobiaand Xenophobia
Two victims of the Red Scare were Two victims of the Red Scare were Saco and VanzettiSaco and Vanzetti Two anarchists accused of murder Two anarchists accused of murder
(not related to the bombs)(not related to the bombs) Executed in the electric chair Executed in the electric chair
(invented by Edison)(invented by Edison)