TYPES OF AQUATIC BIOMES▸ Ocean (has various zones)
▸ Coral reef
▸ Rivers and streams
▸ Lakes and ponds
▸ Wetlands
▸ Estuaries
AQUATIC BIOME ZONATION
▸ Vertical stratification:
▸ Photic zone: photosynthetic light
▸ Aphotic zone: little light
▸ Thermocline: narrow stratum of rapid temperature change
▸ Benthic zone: bottom substrate
▸ Benthos: community of organisms
▸ Detritus: dead organic matter; food for benthic organisms
AQUATIC BIOME ZONATION
▸ Horizontal stratification (from the shore)
▸ Littoral zone: shallow, well-lit waters, close to shore
▸ Limnetic zone: well-lit, open water, further from shore
▸ Profundal zone: deep, aphotic waters
CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS
▸ River hierarchy= 1-12, Amazon River (12)
▸ Lake classification
▸ Oligotrophic: deep, nutrient poor, high dissolved oxygen (dO2)
▸ Eutrophic: shallow, nutrient rich, low dO2
▸ Mesotrophic: moderately productive
OLIGOTROPHIC LAKE▸ Torch Lake, MI
MESOTROPHIC LAKE▸ Wintergreen Lake- Kellogg Bird Sanctuary
EUTROPHIC LAKE (EW)
LAKE CLASSIFICATION- HOW ARE THEY DIFFERENT?
▸ Primary Productivity
▸ The rate of photosynthetic/chemosynthetic conversion of energy to organic compounds
▸ Oligotrophic = Low productivity (why?)
▸ Eutrophic = High productivity (why?)
DISSOLVED OXYGEN
▸ Oxygen dissolved in water
▸ Used by aquatic organisms
▸ Comes primarily from the atmosphere
▸ Used for cellular respiration
WHERE DOES DO2 COME FROM?
FACTORS AFFECTING DO
▸ Temperature
▸ Increased temp., decreased DO
▸ Why?
▸ Salinity
▸ Increased salt, decreased DO
▸ Why?
▸ Decay
▸ Increased respiration by decomposers decreases dO2
▸ Why?
▸ Photosynthesis
▸ Increases dO2
▸ Why?
▸ Need light penetration
FACTORS AFFECTING DO
DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND WILDLIFE
▸ Different species need different amounts of dO2
▸ Decomposers near bottom require dO2 for nutrient breakdown (respiration)
AQUATIC BIOMES REVIEW
▸ Factors affecting DO in aquatic biomes
▸ ______ temperature, ______ dO2
▸ WHY?
▸ ______ salinity, ______ dO2
▸ Why?
▸ ______ photosynthesis, _______ dO2
▸ Why?
▸ ______ decomposition, _______ dO2
▸ Why?
LAKE STRATIFICATION AND TURNOVER
▸ Thermal Stratification- Vertical temperature layering
▸ Biannual mixing- spring and fall
▸ Turnover- changing water temperature profiles
▸ Oxygenated water moves from surface to the bottom
▸ Nutrient rich water from the bottom moves to the top
Why is turnover important?
EUTROPHICATION
AQUATIC BIOMES REVIEW
Oligotrophic
‣ “Cleaner” - swimming
‣ Fewer organisms, less decay- high DO
‣ More fish
‣ Deeper (less light)
Eutrophic
‣ “Ew” - mucky
‣ Many photosynthetic organisms
‣ Lots of decay- low DO
‣ Few fish
‣ More shallow (more light)
AQUATIC BIOMES REVIEW