Transmission Model of Communication
Melisa Nahimana
Definition A model invented by Shannon and
Weaver Model that was invented in 1949 It has been considered a
mathematical interpretation of how communication between different parties is ought to function
The purpose of the model is to communicate to one another
According to the book Communication Theories in action, communication can be defined as “ a systematic process in which individuals interact with and through symbols to create and interpret meanings.”
The transmission model of communication helps us assist how communication works
Elements of the Transmission ModelSender EncodingMessageChannelReceiverDecodingFeedbackNoise
Sender Source of the message Responsible for the encoding of a message Responsible for the success or failure of
the sending of a message Accountable for accurate information
delivery Chooses the transmission channel of the
message Initially leads the argumentative
environment Presents in front of an audience Sender presents one out of multiple truths By representing a certain truth, the sender
sets a standard for a new idea Sender has to follow the continuum of
argumentative certainty ( Marteney, 14)
Encoding•Verbal and nonverbal symbols•Idea and thought being reflected•Information is based on the production of the sender•Dependant on the sender•Transformation if idea into the universal reality , e.g. virtual reality •Perception process ( Marteney, 71) to come t light during the encoding process•Filters that may be used could be psychologically, physically, sensitively or formally ( Marteney 74-75)
Message The matter the source or
sender is communicating about Considered the object of
communication, controlled by the sender
Verbal or nonverbal To receive for the sender Manner for the sender to
convey a certain matter Messages can include claims,
and contentions- Claims and contentions may
incorporate evidence and reasoning ( Marteney )
Channel
Channel Means for the sender to communicate to the receiver Outlet to send a message back from the receiver to the sender
( also known as feedback) Usage as avenue to converse an argument in the area of critical
thinking Path for an individual to express oneself verbally or non-verbally To stimulate one of the five senses: sight, sound, touch, taste, and
smell Channels contain the right time, place and occasion ( Marteney, 85) Consideration of word choice, ambiguity, definition and
intensity( Marteney, 85) Meanings reflected through channel, either denotative or
connotative The critical thinker must therefore use the channel eloquently, so
that his or her argument is going to be admitted as a reliable truth
Receiver•Audience•The end of the communication channel•Decoded message to be listened and observed by the recipient•To be beneficiary of critically analyst information from the dispatcher•Eligible to send back feedback•Meaning of the message to be understood by receiver•Receiver to be target•Motivation of the audience also to be related to be a sufficient receiver ( Marteney)
Decoding Converting code symbols back into
information –conducted by the receiver
Translation to a specific interpretation which has been encoded by the sender
Contexts may influence the way one decodes an idea
Perception process ( Marteney, 71) to come to light during the decoding process
Arguments supported by claims, contentions and evidence to be interpreted in a certain way
Feedback Information send back to the
source Part of a cause and effect chain Verbal and nonverbal manner of
respond Comes from the receiver of a
message Purpose is to modify the
sender’s idea or implication Feedback can include the same
elements of the message: claims and contentions
Claims and contentions supported by evidence and reasoning
Noise Anything that disrupts or
distorts the communication process
Verbal and nonverbally Noise does not necessarily have
to come from the audience or anyone in the room
Maybe viewed as negative disruption
Noise may also be a source of an indirect message-e.g. the matter of the orator may not be appropriate for the audience
Transmission Model in Critical Thinking Through the lenses of the Transmission Model, a truth can be
communicated to an audience The matter mathematically to be explained through the
transmission model, which should be followed by a qualified persuader
Reasoning needed to be understood for all parties included Foundations of Knowledge to be essential on Decision-making
situations- which is the reason why the speaker must know what he or she is conversing about
Argumentative Environment to be created by the speaker with the assistance of the Transmission Model
Inclusion of the audience by understanding its context, and accepting its feedback should be incorporated in the critical thinking process